AERIL 26 1919
7' ` “_ W   - Y Y _ & PA(-E  v 1'Y
N
i”
 Bureau, Review oi Reviews
-. _ ' ' ‘,|@|s|@»|q.;|(.”.H,,K,»(,._,H*;m.|".i|EmM"i"m.Ii|".|.I"HH _'.m.|,|,_`|_. ;
:Nome "»=A|.vens"A'r Him-I ‘
i srsso
H. (M. Y. writes: My F0;-q puns
the hills well enough and l have lit- _
tie fault to find with it when run.
nlng‘slo_'wlv. but when I try to get it
above _Ii ,certain speed, it misses. spin.
larsl flfld _Will Dot go any fasten
'Wlherois the trouble most likely tg
be found '
Answer; The following are a .few
of the possible causes: The timcr .
muy bc so worn that, while the roller
makes r_cli;ibl,, connec_tion with the
contuotii segments at low speed, its
track ir. so uneven that. at high am giV|HE my car a general over.
speed. it-_ tends to jump and no hmgel. hauling und' am' told that this should
makes .irifnllible contact with the noifbelleglectcd. '
seglncutis. Some ol' the valves may
be inclined to stick in their guides, of “leallilix the muffler is to take it
9“ll\`0|y apart und scrape the gm-_
owing to roughness or warping of
their stems and they may fail in
seat llififime when the speed exceeds 3"" '.0 <10 '-his because all the joints
a certalxpvalue. Weakness of some bewllle ‘burned and rusted tight.
S0me scale and soot can usually be
of tli9y`al_vf:-springs may aggravate
this -ll8li‘iWi0i_f-'-;~.-fit is also barely pos- '
sible' tilllt tli§,"'ga‘s'oiine iinc is some ""0" Visorously with n. immmei-_
“’|‘llc U1? 'JIIBIIIB ls run with consitl~
enougii fuel can be S“pp||0d m kwp crable throttle and very into sparlf
the nilxturc up to normal strength, 50 Hs 'lo blow out the material that
when the engine is drawing charges l’9°°"\eS |00S€ll€d. lt used to be it
,lcominon practice to remove u 1nuil`le.r
und place it upon a ilre, built out of
wllut‘_-vbhdtrnctedland not quite
fast. You better inspect the timer,
test tlieyuivcs und t-heir springs and
see lhtttf the gasoline pipe is clear. ‘
TESTING SH_0E FOR WEAK SPOTS
W. W. G. ask': I-low can I tell
whether an old casing ling- yet de-
veloped any special points of weak~
_n_ess.` .Il1don`t want to put any casing
in service. if it is likely to blow right.
Dui.. ` -' `
Answer: By feeling it over with
the linmds. you can detect any 'bad
tahric 'break that will soon lead to a
¢mM mW,, ,H Um" I I
Wwwmm»mHw  """‘ "' ““" ‘*'~
HlntS fOr the Motorist BY Albert L Clough
' then to lmnimer it ull over pm]
;1'<;1:l§ ihillotoutiiind bending the wap
readily detes'tw ll the hands' unclean
me or mor; “HY Ulllli lllace, whore
“ally broken canvas piles have uct-
or are far on the the way
lo failure. lf you carry' this exam.
2;:;;f;I; ull ground the`inside circum.
fabric W5' 2"’ “Wing and find the
_ -'» '"1 "ml spring. at an
ponltsv "-1 is Dl'0\l8l)l0 tllBf'(i_ lg I0 weak
Sllot yet developed. ` ‘
CLEANING MUFFLER
°- W- B- ==k'= what is me best
WY of cleaning out the muffler? I
A"'W°"`: The Will’ effective wav
face. but soiiietlmus it is dim.
"$100880 Ui' turning the muffler all
100114. until it became red hot und
empty out the scale. but this method
is not to bg recommended. We doubt
lf your muffler requiresattcntion un~
less it is pretty old and has been
used with an engine givinga very
oily or sooty exhaust. i
HOW CYLINDERS WEAR OUT
, Cylinders and pistons made of the
blowout.__ By turning the casing.
best metal and originally well fitted,
when the car which carries them
may be expected to good cylinders
ition. The motor car engine piston
:cts not only to receive and transmit
gaseous pressure but also to guide
the motion of the connecting rod. thc
piston itself functioning us u cross-
head and tiff, cylinder walls as a guide
ind thus all the bearing pressure im
posed upon 'these parts cause friction
and wear ou their opposing surfaces
All these forces uct on ond plan.
na.n1`ely in that at right angles to th.'
cylinder wear is almost cntirely in the
llane of connecting rod motion unr
'Jvootlcally absent in the plnne per
pemllcular thereto. When new. tin-
cross. sections oi' tin, cylinder bori
and the piston are perfect circles, but
'~ ‘ir wcnr being all in one plane. both
»-utr' went' elliptical. the cylinder bore
‘li.tli\'»i<~'r ill the cosisectlng rod plant
becoming elongstt-tl and thc piston
diameter in this plane bt-coining
shortened, so that iin:iil_\' the t‘_\'lliitlr~r
ll' rc und piston cro:=.g sections l»i~t'o|r\<
diameters nt right angles.
The illutzctllm-y is. in voti|'sc, i' -~
luii\‘cl_v slight, hut sufficient ifr lm"
two ci'esr-clit slrupetl .\‘|lnt_-cs' in
o;ipt».<lte silica of the piston \'»'h"‘
finstlly cannot be put-heel. tliisltiuiiiv
ni~_<_.; being; the it.-isviltiitl t-_untlition "fir
sn~<-i~ssi`til operation.-1, \\'Iio_n iiln-t'o|n-_~,|.,
i|||`pt»~‘.~'lllle ii; |lnt".f the pision~ti2l|ll_V
wear with extreme slowness if only
5--'-~~~------~" - - f E k- ---._.__|rvm.___. - f  
"-1
5
s
v,
>l‘.
:1-

5 _
if
_ f man.
i ri
ri! 
il
,-_-_

3,. chassis plan
'v' ~.
'
*_-_'R
1  car was built
...e
E- 0

'.
it » t
sy 3.
it  i  l

ff- ’
i
I *ii*-.¢-_ 
 _______ ____ _ _ _ _ _ __ _
_,_ _ ,  _ _ -_ __.._..-.._._.~_____ __ __ __ _ __ _ __ ,.
" i i i l.  .. ‘ . - .~ _ _ _ ‘.1  "l.‘_;'_-1 __ .."_»_~,~‘~ fr-_
" "ll u  ` ` 'i ‘ i* 1 i' t v i .u‘l»»:-li.ithill!»f'¢lr'ftlfi.-J"uf url?
~ I ' _ ` a
§_=¢=-_,_-;-ze;
  5-*-I
.{ A _i§ili|!i_,\.g;i.g,»tt_ lIii.__;lE|l|ii| 'tlmrii:_._:'i|;;i._¥;.ii 
 _ '   ' ' sf  
 itf1|l=‘i-il¥ll,!!l,i=lil!ilix,,,,;i,_,l!,t IL_,,_,,,___,_!l,ll,,,liif _ -1   fi
i `T_lilll_itillllfillilliililllilliliiiillliii V ` """ ‘-
il l_lllii"'
__ A Maxwell Grows Better - _
 the More You Drive lt ,
 HAT is the test of anything good. The norc _
you use a good watch the better it wins. The .
 i older your-friends grow thcbcttcr you like them.
 And nothing is more pat on a Maxwell than this.
Hardly a day goes by that some Maxwell owrzr _ _
' doesn’t take his pen in hand and write th: t he is new
tg.. passing a mark of 30,000 miles or 20,000. or ;'=".f_':"')0.
f' , .To purchase such a man’s Maxwell from him .
 would be like trying to buy an heirloom i`~<;  '
 But thcsc~Maxwells of today arc far ‘_ " cars ___
than those of yesterday.
For it is the policy of the Maxwell Motor C' ‘ npany 
.f to keep on building _and building on the '_-riginal .1
sct down .5 years ago.
300,000 Maxwclls have been built on tl: `  y rogram. f
 1000 refinements have, been made since thc fini -is _
Each new Maxwell is better than yestcrday’s. ' s
‘ For doing one thing alwayslrcsultsiin doing it
ll. L ‘ ` `
 ` This 'Maxwell you scc today is so
1 vastly improved in appearance that
f` - you may think it a new model.
But it isn’t. _lust a better looking
r Maxwell. And a better car. gxwarxqfx ._
'- 'rua maxwast-moron co. or camps, Linnea, wnmson, ont. 
GAUIIET & GRANT Charlottetown, P.E.|
Distrlbutlursfor P. E. Island.
_ ' ..- ,._,f';l'Tg_ -_
\ ,
.;. _ ,' ~i-;~‘~= » --
t »/_ " rg
‘ at
32,5
 l'
` ‘lc `
*.-
. - ~ 'i»f'~‘1..fhm 
,_. . , _
_,ti ‘
.f

_i I
I
.:"_Y'
.
' rich _
| i
~_§_ I
's'
’-l
1.
I lit?
alt
ti
n
iff;
' /
U10?-%ll‘9 kept continuously well
lubricated. Very often they still re-
main in uorfcctly usable condition
is
discarded. because its style has be-
come obsolete or because of mechanl~
‘cal defects external to the engine
Miloageg well wp in the ten thousands
iiwliys assuming conscientious lubric-
crank shaft with the result that plstom
thv~,l_- of two olllpscs with tht-ir longer
in its hurt-_ tho ports arc no'l0n:er
usttlill-..Moreo\'e\-_ the olliplc-lt_\: or
ovalizatlon. prevents the perfect func-»
tloning of piston und cylinder as cross-
hcnd and guide and the piston. as it
UIOVBB UD Bild down, vlberutlon from
011° Side of the bore to the other ol
“cocks up" so as to illl the waste
EDU120. D!'0|-l'1C|\lE ills noise colnmonl_.
knows us “piston slap." Piston tight.
ness is entirely dependent upon the
histon packing rings and the oil which
collects around them and, ug tliosc
rings are circular in form, with is
tendency io expand against the
<~yliu<l<>r w.\li, it is not to be oxpertet
that they can park n bore which' is
ovullzed to any marked oxtant.l_
CYUNQER PUMPS OIL
H. W. C. asks: Will drilling one
eighth inch bolcs in the bottom ofla
Ford piston stop the oil working
past it anri. if so. where is the best
place for them? The cylinder is not
scored and I huvevtrled un oversize.
piston and rings.
Answer: We doubt it_ When this
expedient is tried. however, the pro~
cedure is usually ns follows: itc-
move the lowest ring cut a bevel
an its upper outer edge, drill several
small holes through the ring, start
ing the drill in the beveled surface
find also drili through the piston sev-
eral tllnos. starting the drill in tho
ring grooves. The bevel is supposed
lo catch oil scraped from the cyi\n~
tier walls. which is returned to the
crank-case through the holes. If it
is the front cylinder that gives trou-
bln, you might try drilling a small
hole in the oil supply pipe. B0 that
-.mrt of the oil will' -be delivered to
_Ile second crank-case oompartment.
in case this engine is rather an old
me, we fear that the troublesome
cylinder has worn somewhat oval, so
that rings cannot make it tight, in
which case boring out the block and
fitting new pistons is the only thing
likely to give you permanent relief.
DEALING WITH THE
WORN CYLINDER
Circular Rings Cannot Pack Elliptical
Cylinders
The first sign oi' wear between it
cylinder and its piston is lack oi tight-
ness between them, which results in
rho escape ct the gases. when the com-
pression stroke is being pcri'ormed.
'.\'i\en this leakage cannot be nttrlbut-
cd to imperfect seating of the valves.
faulty piston fit is indicated. install-
ing new rings is the natural resourse
was in case the old rings have 50
torn that their ends do not nearly
ncct, if they have become loose lu
their grooves or have lost their sllrihg
or have broken. but it will not give
satisfactory results if piston und
qvlinder wear have progressed so fur
ug to have resulted in consirlcrable
ovalization. Ii' the piston, when rc-
muvedt, docs not show large areas
where it fails to follow the borc tus
indicated by blackened portions) und.
when cleaned of oil. cannot be wabhl-
ed in its born by force applied tn the
tfonnoctlnlg rod, while, at the sonic
time, the rings ure loose. weak in
spring and blackened over parts of\
their faces, it may be hoped that new
rings of good construction and' of
‘_~'llgh»tly larger size may improve, com-
precsion.
if they fail to do so, the next step is
to install pistons that uré as much
oversize as can bc used without caus-
ing ‘binding when they become hot.
,The new pistons are . ofcourse. truly
circular in section and their use re-
duces thc total ovalizlng <-l'l'\»ct
-- rings of ,the ful] allowable
oversize ,being used with them.
i~t should ' have been remarked
tllatiunlotis the cylinder bore possessesi
a mirror like polish and is free from.
scratches or scores, the above mon- _l
tioned expedlents 'are oi' little value. il
Finally, in the history of a cylinder s.
time may come when oversize pistons,
and rings do not restore compression'
or prevent excess oil from reaching
the combustion space. ‘l
` The.-‘piston then usually shows large
blackened areas and noticable bright.|
worn areas one toward the top 'and one
toward the bottom on opposite sides'
in tho connecting rod plane. lt can
-ind it may rcstore the original light- -
__-~ wlgyn 'ki'-`>"7

f 
4 1-<1
3
; =i==
§=E`
',__==°-'.
5'-
t-2:7-5
_:E
¢_._
'M
ffi
yi
;.=;*'=
lv
E
1.;
g_-i
.'§T;"

l.
._ ._~
v~_ ‘
,_
_  
fé

. '§
. 5
E323;
.1 .
,s $-
. =..
‘..~:r§|
. -==
.3

. Tgr.
E
E
’§
__ U
T5’
iii- M! ~/111:' 7f'_.`__ ""' ' I 1 I l J - 1, h /' '\f' ' _
of-l" ' ' ~ ` . / ’ - .»\,_'~ ,_ -,-
_   . _ 1' gt ' I .~ ' X" -~, » 1. "’_<`%,';l."f-*» _.
flrl ‘ _ .*F'gl‘~'I»;i'.`f'
,,ff`_ , - - _'_ . .,-. ~  ' \< ';r.|.\.;="; ` /"“‘~» 'ff'
6 ff lf '-r  %"'f+l // "
-_ ,. f  » r ».,..z _.  ------/ Y  _
"  --'r-,,/"H ~ » \_ \ _¢T;l _ V
L  .` " If." -/_. ' '»___§_ _' ._=‘f<_-____-5,, »;_~‘7.'_  
il
l-‘il 4
i 1- ._
l /
3|=i=’ ‘l
Situ,
-   ‘tl
VE-_;| .|.
 ‘
 -Eli;
f---i 'l`hen thc Rarnfs-liorn drives it to the cylinders by
ij~'f=s:
_i -_= ‘ - ~ . _:<»';_If_-7-;_,
 One short ride in a present clay Llial- 9" 'r .
§
§l.j|l
I A 
1 i  V

‘S-‘l,§'l.”.'-;;` _
_ 
 _illl!t`\"_f:i_lt_` ‘_
es/‘_-7, ¢ #__ 'ka ‘  / l.ll‘lll"L\»\
,V
`3;i.é<
ttf; 5
6
‘A
 ‘Q

Jil
, _
if.
as
_ 
it
..` 
‘iff 

l _ _i I ‘I__*. ,.»‘.':f'  _-__ ' . » __, _»
 I) :w-` JW" . .; _I 'fi-/' E n '
i .   'f' "’E. ~,~f_:f/ /t/» _.   -»
 " .- " " '~  5  Q/ /r\ ,7.’.._"_» 'L '
I
q`
l
ll
`», 1
ll The lower the grade of gas the
 easier it is for a Hot Spot
é  _ ' Chalmers
l'»
_ HE great engineers of tlvc autonn»l\ilc in<lu_;try
arc discussing ii0\rut‘lays thc lon' grtttlc gas situa-
tion more oftcn than thc numhcr ol cylinders a
_| Car should havc. _ `
» Not long ago one of tht-in said that .'\uto|m»l»ilc
engines would have to hc l'cflcsig_»ncti to use thc illlcrior
gas of today. ~
- This the (flialmcrs engineers tlicl wlicn they built
into thc great (`l\u||ncrs r_-n_f_'ine thc muy lzinifuls llot
Spot and Ram`s-horn manifold.
These two devic‘c_<. com-'<:rt_ low gratlc gas into high
` power. V
l"or any engineer will t;cll you thcrc are more
_I thermal units or p<'»\\'cr in a gallon of low grade kero-
_I scne gas t.l1an_l.lici'c is -in a high test gas.
,L The llot Spot puts the gas in sliapc for power re-
` sulis. lt breaks up into tiny \ spur molecules the gas-
l
3|S S0 hne that it_rcz1lly becomes “ dry."
»
‘il the quickest route cvcr clc\'i.~4ctl and when the explosions
il comc ilicrc is so liitlc vowcr to csca uc tllrou 'li thc cr
_ i __ _ l is
haust as to hc Well nigh ncgllgllvlc.
5 'filers will tell you the story lar more _ M ‘_
§' eloquently than the liliglislilaiignagc can 23 C
 express tt.
ll _ CHALMERS Moron c:o_or CANADA, inmates Qualify Fifa
. WINDSOR, ONT.
 “Ganeri
 
(1 _\ I` lil-I'i‘ & ti R.\ N'l`. (‘i|:\|-loiit-io\\'||. l'.I'1.i. i
l_)i.~lirillutul's for I'. E. island.
\
i
il
Il
'~"°“'.€`T: =_-'sai=.
t.
i
‘ al _  ». _,_ , CQ __ 
t. /l' " ‘ " ' " 'L' ' ‘@ _
f ffl
1 » y-:
l B4
l *Q
Z
 , c
_”-El-’“"
“cr”
..._
1
4
’ l
1


'éli ' , ‘. '__-'._;r‘
i .|. _ _ __
H `“’“t“i;__‘;:" '”-°*/"V" - - _ _ *"" --,~.~~;~= ;__._==_;_ »
--3;--»~ 7' °~ ‘  i' 1
` X1( N -l*”l°£`> -_ ._ 
.-o, » ‘,_..l A
‘ ..i I
f
'
~-=
ir __ I
_ 
A ` " ' " -_v°r~4»_..
__ _. Snr, len*
ami. :.1 -"
-sf* - 
Q
i; -1
 '_' if
’f'.=l¥'»i 1
1,5,
r~‘~
rf-r
.. ._ ..
; ig.
i,
- "l
1',
___
l  `
‘_ I-5»"`_;f_ '
5 *Er `
‘U.-‘€.‘
:F
i i
l
-- »| »
li1i§____
.-5354 r
':_=="_ i
tif i '
'I-$1.
=f~:-S-1*'
5  '_
*" J
 1
i ‘
'--tr'
=‘r=_`_»_.
gi.
_..~»  . f ' =' _  _    ,`:l;\l
r
4?
§
i
is
*r
1'D“;‘!_- ~ . ;_ >
__.,__`_..,-.-._i'-_-
  T. -s.. __- _ ~  _ _ -~_~~ _:_ 1.
~ 1 fm# _ '|itl""._4._'_.=. ue" ‘  i-W' ;-.\ ~~\-in. / . it iv.; _ . < iiiuiitfn  fi. _ _-'» 
 -fr.-%reer~f:5‘”@f=’l.‘.ufl»»f:u.____ i-if ~>1~J\>`-J_ -.~'~i'*lll”(ft,l»ili»'»l7»T_‘_‘§§¢<;’~"_*f.~”i’~3** 
'“"`*‘~ ‘ ""°"_ `_,_1;_-_-_ ;` _ _._.-.’,~~.._..,`_ .j;‘l M.; ;-Q-'---.7-L -   ;;,;_,-;_`,`i _ __ _ T’-fl,-l
usually be wafbhled in its bore. when,
all oil is cleaned oil' 'Measurements|
taken by micrometer calipers will then!
show that the bore diameter in tho;
connecting rod movement plane is,
decidedly greater than in that at right'
angels thereto and piston slap mul’
have ‘become noticeable. Wheul
moasnuremcnts show more than 0.003
or 0.004 inch difference in the bore;
diameter, ir is generally considered
that ilrst<:I:\ss results as to tightness
cannot 'be obtained without havin! the
cylinder (and its mates) rebored.
which is the only means of restoring
n. truly circular cross section and in-
. 0 I l _ suring operntivg tightness.
________...._._-..-.~_-______._..*_____________ _
____ _ _-..___ _ `\1insr¢'s Liniment Cures Golds, Ete-
 Gray Dort is a different
light car. Different in the im-
portant things-in the _power and
quietness of its motor, in the size
and comfort of its body, in its
economy. Different in all the impor-
tant little things too-in its equip-
ment, beauty of line and finish,
freedom from trouble, ease of hand-
ling. Yet the price is less than that
of most light ,cars-and little more
than those that offer so much less.
The touring car is $1245; the Gray Dort Special-the car with
added refinements and extra equipment, is 135 extra; there are
also a coupe, and a sedan. All prices f.o.b. Chatham and are
subject to change without notice. ;_
4...
GRAY DORT MOTORS, Limited, Chatham, Ont. ,' ,
ln the U.S.-Dort Motor Cnr Co., Flint. Mich. `
_ GRAY
3 lt. u. sruluvs clmlunenwi P. is. I
-.A
»-
t
ll i Z
‘  ' “ .
‘ai ~
  ‘.
i .
l. »
| i
¢ ,_
" ilu
fl
'ff'
J
_r
€
_‘_
'§
_-it
_,Af-
 
'll
_.
~'_ i
,. ' V
,5  l F °
_-ste-_~»-4'; .
JI . i
-_  
1-new-' ""`§;,-~_r~_i.i,.e.~¢==- _$2.1 .»“ _'_- ’~;“~;-t-..
l>.lM.‘ 5
i i
ff'-.
_il
. ‘;l
i , .s
i
.. -my:
 ,.
~'¥. lf
~¢_l _"
.»._-,Ja-f=!T
_.. M.-.Q
*P*-*wwf*
r' ' l~
»...._¢;
, li