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A SMALL FHM’ T 'nousn rl._iN1‘s_ » FARM Rnsnnvoms. mPon'rANc|~: oi~'co\v-'r1~:s'r1No BY'P“°DUCTS° ' "1" "
Tmmncu ot Bucdess wuh vegeublu bnme Hints for People Who Lille Oobblestones (Jun Be Use In Building Liberal Feeding During Dny Period .Furmem Am l*°"""'|“g L°|5°“ In
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Fill SILUS T0 THE LIMIT
USE THE iiUllT DELLAR
rwo Fon\vmo"ro comma "ml '“'°` 1-'lt-\»-to-_ - ' 'riicut Aa.; N.»¢esa.»-i' {`“""" “'“S'*’- Hou' 'ro i-nnviwr' snnrous
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- _ Wh” 0"” man M5 410119 in U19 - ' - _ _ . . - . The packers claim to make all
isll<.Ai~l0N.
s of the \Vorld Will Continue to
Ile (ir-cut for Some Time to Come
and No Waste Should Be Per-
mitted-'Essential That Corn Be
Mature and Past the Dough state
fiefore lt is Cut. ,
on account of the labor shortage,
neighborhood co~operation in silo
filling should be highly developed
during next season. All the sllage
crops should be saved without loss,
while all silos shouldbe filled to ca-
pacity. Five or six or more fariners
who own silos in one community
should combine their working forces
into a crew which should rotate f1'om_
farm to farm as the corn becomes
pipe enough. Such an arrangement
resulting irrm the interchange of
neighborhood farm labor' will riiinl-
urizc thc expense of housing the sil-
uge crops.
Nc
lt is essential that cor'n should not
bc cnt for cnsiiagc until it is mat-.ire
und through the dough stage, as rc-
pcatcd demonstrations have shown
conclusively that corn in this condi-
tion is at tho peak of nutrient value.
The bugaboo about. frosted corn be-
ing wholly unsuitable for ensilage
is u fallacy, as _corn which has been
dainagcd with frost can be conver't_».>.d
into very good ensilage if it is cut
shortly afterwards. ln the case of
badly frosted corn, however, there
occurs a considerable loss of it-arcs.
In case the coi'u is excessively dr'y
ami willed a_t thc tirnc of silo filling,
water should be i'un through a rub-
ber hose into the cutting bex and
blower' during the filling process so
that the chopped feed may be wet
thoroughly and rendered'succulent
for future feeding. ln extreme cases
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Silo-Filling Crew Gathering Corn-
Sled Type Cutter is in Use and Corn
is Carried Directly to Wagon.
where it is impossible to saturate
the cor'n completely in this inannt-r,
and where water pi-_essurt- is avail-
able, a second hose is soinctinics car-
ried over the top of thc silo so that
the water falling on a boai~.d.im'lirie<l
against the side of' the silo ami mo/cd
at regular i`nte|'vals serves efficiently
to thoroughly moisten thc i'or.'ige.
Labor is loading the corn on the
wagons in thc tleld may bc rcdu-‘ed
by the use of an elevating attach-
ment, several standard types of
which are now on the market. This
device is attached to the corn har-
vester and deposits the bundles of
corn as they are cut on thc wagons
which may be driven opposite the
machine. If it is desired to start
the binder' several hours ahead of the
enslluge cutter, this atiachrncnt is'
not used, as then the corn may bc
duruped on the ground and from
th loaded by hand. `
` mw of the high prices of grain,
specialists suggest that, in-many in-
stances, the ears may be profitably
snapped or huskcd and only the fod-
der converted into silage. By the
practice of this system the silo will
still provide a wealth of cheap, suc-
culent roughage.
Sealing of the silo after' the struc-
ture is illled is too often neglected.
There are a number of practical
methods of topping off the silo so as
to minimize waste and spoliage. A
common practice is to level the sli-
age and then to tramp over' the top
thoroughly for twenty or thirty mln-
utes every day for a week, in order
to eliminate airfpockets near the top
of the silo and to thoroughly com-
pact the mass of feed, Then oats may
be sown after the top of the ensllage
has been thoroughly soaked with
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Wii[er_ --_-~_~-~--_-._-_ ,...
Specialists recommend the use uf
boys in the silo for tramping and
packing the ensilage during the fill-
ing process as conservative of 'nan
labor as well as silo space. Under
this arrangement one man to handle
,the distributor pipe with three cr
four boys in an average 14 to 16-foot
'ldlarneter silo will not only pack away
_the feed so that it will all be saved,
b\it they also will render available
th_e maximum tonnage capacity of the
s o. _
Protecting the Herd.
The msn wth a valuable herd ef
cattle-and pretty nearly any herd
is valuable -in these days _ should
take no risk of starting disease in
his stock by introducing new animals
that he may purchase wltliout it
Xuarantee of good health. The prac-
tice of buying cattle, especially
milch cows, at farm sales or at the
tstock yards and taking them to the
home barn without first making sure
of their freedom from contagious
disease, is a. -very dangerous one.
To safeguard the herd a KIUIINUI'
_tins should be enforced in the case
of evorynew animal that comes to
'the farm. This is specially import.-
D
` house to take out_ all the bad air, if
way of making a success of fruit and
vegetable growing, is shown in an
article in this number by Wm. Arm-
strong, formerly of Queensboro, On- 1
tario, and another instance of sue-T
cess in this direction was furnished
by A. D. Harkness, of Vineland, who
told of his experienceon s nine-acre
farm, at the annual convention of
the Ontario Fruit Growers’ Associa-
tion last month. In-Mr. Armstrong’s
case, the results were obtained on
land that, at the present time, would
be considered cheap, that is as re-
gards the purchase price, but the
purchase of 281/2 acres was made a
good runny years ago. Mr. Harkness
paid a higher price for his land, but
if he keeps on as he has started his
final results mary be as good as those
secured by Mr. Armstrong. In four
years Mr. Harkness made a living
for himself and family in the first
three years ol' operation, and last
year' (his fourth) made a protit‘of
$2,000 on his small acreage.
Results equal to either of the
above may be secured by others who
will undertake the same line of
work, but not every one can succeed.
Both oi’ the nrcn in question were
practically new hands at the fruit
and garden business when they be-
gan on their own places;--Mr. Arm-
Montr'eal, while Mr. Harkness had
obtained his experience of fruit-and
garden work in one year' of practice
on another man’s farm, but he at-
tached ruuch importance to his one
year"s experience, and advised any
new beginner to do as he did before
starting on a place of his own.
Evidence of the increase in com-
petition in the late years is provided
in the account of the different meth-
ods of selling their produce, adopted
by the two men. Mr, Armstrong made
his success some years ago, by dis-
posing of his produce through the
coiirrnission men, while Mr. Hark-
ness, whosc experience Is more r'e-
cont, emphasizes the irnportance of
becoming attached to a co-operative
selling association if one is to make
a success of disposing of the products
of a small-holding.. Of coui'se, the
fact that Mr. Arrnstrong's farm and
operations were three times as large
as Mr'. Harkness, gave him an advan-
tage in being able to command at-
tention for his i_ndivldual shipments,
yet the udvanceln -the importance of
co-operation is an indication of the
trend of the times and of the bigger
business in fruit and vegetable pro-
ducts, that is done in the main cen-
tres now, ns compared with eight or
ten years ago.
The results obtained by Mr. Hark-
ness are an indication of what might
be done by a returned soldier who
would undertake the farming of u.
small holding. The plan of planting
20 to 30 per cent. of a ten-acre area
in tree fruits and combining hee-
keeping or `poulti'y-keeping or both,
with vegetable and small fruit grow-
ing, to provide an iucoine in the first
few years,` is one that promises an
interesting "occupation, ami fair re-
turns in cash at the start, with a
promise of a comfortable income af-
ter four_ _or tlvc years. That
the acretfge' mentioned can be
handled without extra help, except
for a short season in the height of
harvest, promises a' certain kind of
independence for the owner, such as
cannot be secured on the larger acre-
age where either help has to be hired
and, possibly boarded, during a great
part of the year, or exchange of work
has to be made with neighbors, which
necessitates it considerable amount of
absence fr'oui the home place, often ut
times when it really needs attention,
in the worst way.
About the only plan that might
work better than that of a small
holding with thc understnrrding that
sale of produce should be effected hy'
co-operation with onc’s neighbors,
would be a cominunltyscttlcinent of
returned soldiers, and others pos-
sibly, each owning ten acres of fruit
and truck farm, and all co-operating
in every undertaking for production
and disposal of the product. The
small holdings would 'mean near
neighbors and but little loss of time
in exchanging work on the individu-
al farms, while an entire community
in co-operation could make malor
improvements such as road building,
line fences and roadside planting
most economically.
Light and Air Prevent llmlp.
In a genuine case of roup there is
0. very peculiar and offensive odor
about the mouth and nose. A little
later on thc eyes often swell entirely
shut. Upon noticing the first sign of
roup in thc flock, we put all thc sick
'lil'i"ds ln a warm, dry, and well ven-
tilated placc all by themselves and
where there is plenty of light and
sunshine. This should bc somewhere
away from outbuildings which can
afterwards be thoroughly dislnfccted.
The next thing to do is to remove
all the littcr froui the hen house and
runs and disinfect the house and runs
thoroughly with n. good coal 'tar dis-
infectant. Also lime sirould be scat-
tered about thc floors.
For preventing roup ventilation
without. drafts is most effective. llave
an o enlni; near the floor of the
Eit is nothing but the exits left open
and covered with screening. Poultry
houses often breed this drcad dis-
east on account of not being properly
constructed. A poultry house should
he plenty large, well lighted, well
ventilated. sanitary, and fairly warui
throughout thc winter. After meet-
ing these requirements there will be
very little r'oup in the flock.
Many people believing that bad air
ceiling, make openings there. This
ig ii great mistake. These openings
take off all the pure warm 811°. bill-
the bad sir which breeds roup, settles
close to the floor. So in additlq_n
’ shutter curtain, or open fron ,
ant where the herd is known to be
free of tuberculosis. First test the
herd and then keep out every ani-
mal that is not guaranteed free of
_IM ri_i»su\|;._.x.....__-_ _.__....._,
Ch »
ii, igewell to have a small bfienins
strong having been a merchant in,
in a politry house collects near the-
i
ln caring lor housc pl.-.nts it
zluuld be borne in mind that they
:irc of two classes, and that such
plants as ferns, palms and the rubber
plant will do bcttcr in those parts
of the room whcre the ligut, is limit-
ed, whilc_flow<-ring plants, such as
geraiiiurns, tulips, na1'cissi and cycla-
iucn must have as much light as pos-
sible.. Plants arc more like uuluan
being than like bric-n-br'ac, and if
grown to brighten the home during
dull winlcr mouths they must not be
left to takc cnrc or' tlrumscivef; or
they will soon fail l'ulll| thu pur-
pose of their pi'l'uci`
'l`hri~c are not a large uuuihcr' of
s||ccv..~:si'ul house plants, uni ihote
which <-xpe_riem~c has shown are
l»e::i suiil-il for the purpose, dr-
mand ccrtairi tl/ linile conditions.
The l'uml:t|n\uial condition r~rlatvs
to tho zttiriorzplit-ri- ot' the room. if
this is siiilablc \-von tho soil is of
secomlary iiuporiurit-c 'l`h¢~ aliuos-
plu~i'e must ln- kept at at nuiluhic tcm-
pcralurc and also, for :uit-rtss, iuusi
contain plenty ot' moistiirc. A dry
ntiuozsplicrc, evcu when plants are
wcli \viiiei'ell, is fatal to good growth.
llegular wait.-i'iiig 1:; another' im-
portant factor for succtss.
Plants will grow/ bclicl' in houncs
healed with hot water than they will
in this heated by hot. air or steam.
'l‘hc latter cysts-iris aln:oi'b the mois-
ture l'i'oiu the aiimispiroiv uiih the
rcsult that thc plant uiihci' lost-.-1
:sonic oi' ilu le_\v<~:; by witlicriiig or
fuils to uiulrc iicztliliy iirowlh. Pans
oi’ \vatcr stood on inc r:\<liaior's to
give oil' rnoisturc always ii-uprovc.the
conditions for plants. 'lhu blooms
\vili last longer when thc atiriosphcr-e
is kcpl norm-nliut roof and moisf.
The ideal |<'r:iper:1llli'c ranges from
about :'10 to 'I0 <|<.\gi'ct:-., llighcr
tclupcl’:1lu|'<.':: r1e0\f;:;ilalc lilorc- l`rO-
quc-nt wat<'1'iui::s, Sou|_"~ plants ncud
to bc wzrlercri daily, ullicis not rivire
than two ui' llirco times 1|. wcck. A
not which rings hollow when lapped
with lin- knuckle needs \\':lt<'r'. (_)ver~
\v:rtcring is had for plants, and only
one or two var-iciils, like the splrcu
will slit-vt-ctl il' thc porn are alloived
to slam! in water. All pr-its sdronlri
he supplied with good tirniiiage ir,
:ho l`oi'nr oi' broken ¢'i'oci;_1 iillcd in :\.'
he bottom of thc pot wliou Liv.
plants; are prult-rl.
l~`i'csh air is alwa,\‘s beneficial, bu'
not in the l`m'i.i of diru-t il\'aui:,iil.~:
A lcir\pc|'at:i1'c of -10 ticgrecs' o.
lower will often seriously affect. tin_
icndci' house plants. l’-.rims au..
fern.-; are the better for spougi.r_r
once or twice it month. Never wale
a sickly plant loo freely; ii more o
len requires to bt. rcpoitcil. Slit,
plants will be boiielitml by a yt.-nz:
repottiug. llcnltliy plunlft and pin.:
in flower' require much more \\.'..l
than lliosc which are sirlcljv. 51.
should not hc wattrcd co out n lla;
it become soggy and u1\\'a_\'s lol
A plant. with cold feet ami u hui in .1
soon dies.--`l'lxperliucntal l~`a:'|u Nor:
\\'c.ulli(-r und l|r<iu.~;tr'lc1s.
"It’s an ill wiml that blows rn:
body good," .ami thcro i_:\ ct-ntairil
much good for a i.',|'eat numbt-1' it
the wcathcr eumlitions 1.-1 thc pi-< sf-:~
winter; that is, for the time b<~_iu:_
But, for thc near future of the con.-
lry as at whole, romiitiousz such 1-.
exist. with regard to :;nov.'i`a|l, ri
rallicr the want of il, are auylliiu.
but propltlous. Naturally the \vork
ers in the gren-t uudoors are the lin.
to realize the ui~.'|iac'<‘, :tml not on!_-.
i’ar'mer's, who lc-au' io: the rv::ul| tr
bare ground, in the ulliiuutc .omit
Lion of their l`ull-sown crops, but ul.-<1
luinbeiwucn-and lhosc of tl\e'i|':r\|-
dependent on thc supply ot` luiubi-:_
cannot but louk with upprelieuslo.
on thc coudilioris thai, at prrsnuri.
lie up imluslry., ami prorriisc to pre-
vcnt satisfactory zi_ci\vit_v in ihci:
lirics of business during the coming
sea.<'ou.
llorse-bi'cedcr:;, or at any raft:
those who ure crigagell in thc raising
of heavy liorscs, flml the srioyvless
winter a cause for considerable dis-
courugcment, as the disposal of their
product depends largely on the activ-
_ily ol' opcruiiorni at the lumber
carnps, whilo they also look l`o|'\vartl
lu a good lumbering sensori to the
demand for horses io be used in
connection with building operutioris.
lu this connection at well-kno\vn
i\or'se-br°\_‘etle|' and dealer in hcztv-y
iiorscs said the other day that au
order he had to scciire 300 head uf
heavy liorsts for om' lumber iirlu
had been cancelled as there was no
usofor thcur ln the woods while the
ground stayed bare of snow. Asked
if he did not look for"ui\ lriciwniscd
demand for l\or‘:~u_-s with tho start of
the building season in the spring, hc
answered: “lf they can't lumber now
they can’t do vcry much building
next scnson."
Probably thc worst feature of the
wiiitur’s weather conditions is thc
lack of moisture. llesidcs the light
snowfall there has been but \'cry
little rainfall in many paris of the
country.
Wise l'tili1.atiou of Milk.
We need to produce pork and \vc
need to produce mc-at of all kinds,
but we must bc able to do it without
feeding vast quantities of rnaterials
that can be used In their present
form more efficiently for human
food. 'ln' converting skim inllk into
po|'k there is n loss of iuntcrial, ns
all the nutrlcnts in the skim milk
are not rt-covcr'ed`ln the pork. Sonic
are converted into bone ami mu.-:cle,
seine trite- heat to kccp the body
temper‘atui'e, and soiuu into cncrgy
for maintalniui: thc functions oi' thc
body. From the standpoint of the
worl.d's food supply, it is not ccon-
omical; it is not right io uso, un-
necessarily, for stock feed, a food
that can be used readily for human
beings.
  _ __ <it_m_l1_cn=i__ !_»_e_~ii:ci:94!f-
ln the Lspringof 1917 there wcrc
514.140 gophers destroyed bv Sas-
katchewan school children who tool.
part in the gopher-killing cuurpulgr.
while last spring no loss than 864,240
were destroyed, The cost to the Gov-
ernment was ti little over $700.
near the door in the front part of
the house, in order to complete ventk
wel- »»@.%4\_=_»_t'f.'9..9¥_'¥‘°- W* “'-
If durable water reservoirs are de-
sired. they may be lined with con-
crete or built of cobblestones. In
form, the concrete-lined typo may be
either rectangular or circular. A cir-
cular reservoir lined with concrete,
having-a diameter of 134 feet ut the
bottom, a depth of eight feet, and a
capacity 01' two #wie-feet, or 651,653-
gallons, is somewhat similar in de-
sign to one built uiider the super-
'yision of the ofllce of public roads
lins, Col. Precautions are necessary,
in order to prevent damage by settle-
lrient and frost. ll' thc reservoir is
formed partly in excavation and part-
ly in fill, it is diliicult to treat each
class of l'ualur:ial in such a way that
both will be equally stable and lm-
D€l'Vlous. il' thc material in the fill,
for instance, settles more than the
natural earth, the concrete lining is
apt to be ruptured along the division
line) Not only uneven settlement in
different parts of' tht- earth embank-
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Construction of Cobblestone Masonry
-K
ment, but settlement in any one part
tends t0.rupture or otherwise datu-
age concrete lining.
A concrete suitable. for lining
should' contain an ample percentage
ol’ good ccincnt in order to make it.
watertight. A mixture of one part
by volume uf' cement, two parts of
sand and four parts of gravel or
broken rock 18 recolumcudcd. A
measured volume of sand is dumped
on the mixing platform, half as much
cement is added to it and bot_h in-
gredients are mixed dry until the
mixture is of one color, It is thou
moistcueii and worked into a soft
mortar, and the rock or g|'a'vcl, hav-_
ing been previously uioistcncd, is
added. Tire mortar' and rock or grav-
el then arc turned over' with shovels
at least twice or until the entire mass
is thoroughly iuixcd. The concrete
should bl- sufficiently moist at this
stage so that when shovcied into a
wheelbarrow or other means ot' con-
veyance it will assume a water-level
on top. At the same time it should
not be so wet as to flow readily.
The thickness ol’ the lining needed
depends upon the severity of the cli-
mate, the care and skill used in pre-
paring thc foundation, thc character
of thc concrete and other factors.
Horne-;;|'o\vn Sccil Best.
Not the least valuable service per-
mental Farina has been in the demon-
strations given proving that certain
root seeds can be grown in Canada
of a standard equal to the best and
in stimulating this linc of produc-
tion in Canada. Not only have ex-
periments carried on at their farms
proved that it is possible to raise
heavy crops of root seed in the Dom-
inion, but they have also shown that
seed raised in Crinada is at least
equal, if not superior, to any seed
imported from other countries. For
example, four different -varieties of
sugar in-cl seed have been trlcd out
at the different Doluinion farms, and
the beets that, on the average, show-
ed the highest percentage of sugar
were from Ontario-grown seed.
These showed 18.22 per ccnt. of
sugar, while the next highest aver-
age percentage was 17.74.
Nova Scotia and Prince Edward
Island would appear, by th_e.way, to
be peculiarly well adapted to sugar'
beet production. At the Prince Ed-
ward Island Dominion farm beets
were produced in 1917 that. showed
over 19 per cent. sugar, at Kentville,
N.S., farm a record of 19.48 per
cent. was made, and at Nappan, N.S.,
20.20 pci' cent. At Indian Head
beets were grown with 19.42 per
cent. of sugar. but aside from this,
no other Dominion farm reached the
land, although at Scott, Snsk., at
Lethbridge, and at Summerland,
B.C., beets showing over 18 per cent.
Of sugar were grown. At the Ottawa
experimental farm the sugar content
was only 16.37 per cent.
Ensilago the Main Reliance.
The mnngel is an excellent root
crop for stock. Mangels may re-
place about half the grain ordinarily
fed in a ration of grain, mixed hay
and slings without reducing the yield
of milk or butter.
But any man producing milk
should arrange at an early dats for
n. silo and s full supply of silage.
Excellent as `aFé` i1Tiii`g‘é`i§,` it costs Hub-
stantialiy as much to grow an acre
of them as of sllage corn. One can
get from 4,000 to 6,000 pounds of
dry matter in good siiage corn,
whereas he could get no more than
1,600 to 2,000 pounds of dry matter
from an acre of rnangels or sugar
The hair net trade in Shantung,
§ii_i_ng,__eni_plgy_s over 100,000 peoplo.
beets that cost just as much to
Krew. as the “MQ ¢9rlh________._,__
l
~ *__
. . -
\
» i , /_
and rm-g|.engiu@@|»ing at pon-C01-' vestigation. The mother of the 50-
’ Wall. '
for'urcd by the Dominion Iixperi- was by no means lm-g0_ but me 40 _
[early winter and high priced eating
level °"~l“'med in Prince Edward Is' ever left Edmonton was shipped out
'lilo importance of testing every
cow, and of feeding liberally in the
dry period, was emphasized by Mr.
ll. M. 1-loltby ol' Ontario county in
an address 'delivered at the annual
meeting of Durham County Holstein
Breeders. -
"When an American Holstein cow
made a record of 50 pounds of but-
ter in a week," said Mr. lloltby, “the
character of the cow’s maternal an-
cestry was made the subject of in-
pouridci' had never received any
particular' atlfrntlou up to that time, |
different own/.-r's_ having remained]
ignorant uf' hi-r' capacity. But at 13 t
years of age shr- was put_ under- test, l
-ami made a record lierself of 301
pounds. if she had been propcrlyl
fed ami properly tested before that
her real -value would liavc been
made known even before her daugh-
tcr' set a new slamlarrl for the world
in butler' production. The value of
aiiccsiry, by.thc way, is shown not.
onl_v-in thc fact that the cow which
made Slrpoumls of butter ai. iii
years ot' age produced a 50-pound
iiailgliter, but that this daughter' has
producfxd a 47-pouml cow, and four
females in all, sonic of them only
li\»il`crs, that ha`vc gone over 30
pounds.
Now, about feeding cows while
dry. (inc of my cows that had been
given no grain while dry, produced
02 pounds of milk in a day and 16,-
000 pounds in a year, after freshen-
_i_n_g. lu_prc1nu'ution for her ricxt lac-
tation period i lcd her 20 pounds oi'
graiii daily during ucr six weeks dry
period, and next your sho gave 8:3
pounds'of` milk in a day and 19,300
i`or the year. ’l`hc Holstein cow ou
which Mr. (leo. Sinilli, ol l’or'i l-‘err-y,
won the ciiampiun.-:lrip ai Guelph.
Winter Fair had 30 poumls oi' grain
pci' day before hcl' last f'r'esl|eniug."
_Touching on 'another important
point, Mr. Hoitby said: "There lsno
breed in which ilieru are such oppor-
tunities of mating by sires of high
producing quality as is thc case with
llolsteins, bcraust- lhcro are ill llol-
stein cows with ai record ot` 40 pounds
oi' butter or boiler' pt-1' uit-k, and
1,200 with at i'et'ur4l ol' uvel’ 30
pounds. You see what a fichl of sc-
lcctiou in bulls ilu-rc is in the oil-
spring of alldhosc cows.” '
- Light ln Poultry House. `
For some time it liasifbccn a qucs-
tion whcther artificial light in thc
poultiiy house was a benefit or not,;
and to help solve the problem, thcl
poultry division of the l~1xpcr'lmeut;\.l |
l~`a|'u|s have tested it for Iwo seasons, ;
during the wiritt-r of ililii-1017 with I
two pens (40 birds in ull) of Llai'rc<li
Rock pulleis and during the winter
of 1917-1918 with two pens of itock`
pullcls and two pens of Leghorn pul-
lcts (40 birds ot' each breed).
ln each light pen of twenty birds
two tungsten 40-watt lzunps were
usctl. They were turned on at 6 a.u\.
and left till daylight, thcn turned on
again in thc afiicrnuou bvt'orc dusk
and left till 9 p.ru. This was startcd
in November: when the day; br-‘came
short and continued until the middle
of March when light was unncccs-i
sary. . |
In thc 1916-17 test the light pcri|
laid 1,100 eggs with a total value oft
$54.03. '1'rr..r-on or rt-eu was $2z.5s,l
ure cost or ugm $2.40, a total cost url
$24.73. 'l‘his gave a balance over cost
of feed and light of $30.20. ora cost
pci' dozen eggs of 26.8 cunts. _
The dark pen laid 636 eggs with;
a total value of $29.46; cost of feed l
was $21.09. This gave a balance _
over cost of feed of $3.37. The cost 
per dozen eggs wus 39.8 cents. _
_ In 1917-18 thc yields were not,
high in either case, and the total dif- 
ference in egg yield in the six months
birds with light gave a better revenue
than the 40 without light. This dif-
ference was made up in the time that
the eggs were received. Those with
thc light gave their' heaviest yieldsi
in December and January, while byi
far the heaviest__xnonti\s`for' the Leg-
horiis without light were March and 1
April, and for the llocks, January
and February.
The totul figures from the two
pens with the light were: Number of
eggs, 2,470; value, $130.32; cost of
feed, $55.48; cost of light, $3.20;
balance, $77.64, or a cost of 28.5
cents per dozen. Those without light
laid 2,242 eggs; valuc, $118.90; cost
of feed, $60.01; balance, $53,94, or
cost of one dozen eggs-32.1 centsr' 
’l‘hc conclusion may be drawn that
for early winter eggs during the
short days, the light does increase the
egg yield, but later' in the season the
yield is not us heavy as with birds
that have not had the liglit_.___'l`hc ad-
visability of rising light, therefore,
will depend upon what is wanted. If
eggs are the object the lights are an
advantage; if eggs during the hatch-
ing season are desired, the lights tu'o
a disadvantage.
lllgf 'l‘ruinl0uil of Cattle.
.The biggest train of live stock that
of the Edmonton stock yards to tho
llarton Cattle Co. of Pierre, South
Dakota. The cattle will be distri-
buted to stockmcn in Iowa, Dakota,
Minnesota and Nebraska for tili-
ishing.
This tr'aln was about one-third of
0. mile long. There were 33 cars
carrying 837 head of cattle, valued
at $85,000. The freight alone on the
shipment was $5,500.
Themanager for' the Barton Cattle
Co. is staying in Edmonton for some
time yet, and intends to take out a
trainload twice a month if he can
get suitable stock. He paid as high
as 13 ccnls for some of these feeders.
Grain Crops of Soldiers Protected.
An undertaking that the grain
crops of soldiers will be protected
from hall loss during the coming
season was given by Murdo Carrieron
on behalf of the executive oi' the
Municipal llall Insurance Associa-
tion on the fioor of the Saskatchewan
their profits out of the by-product
\\` .\S'l‘ lil UF |"()f)l).
5| rl*
sources of income which were utterly -*ll/"‘=iii.'¢‘ is \'vr_\‘ Important. ln the
ignored not many years ago. A good ||‘>ll’~"|\Ul'| |‘3¢'0l\"mi' --lt‘M1\k0B
many farmers, says the Scientific ilu' ite-:lin-tioli 0|' the (Jost of the
/\iut~ri<'an, may he skeptical of th
is .lit-nu \'crv i.‘om:i\lcr'abIo During
claim iu its entirety, but no one ilu- \\'iuter ,llonihs and insures
doubts that the packers turn by-pro- Hati:»fm-tory Supply of \'egeti\bleg_
ducts to good account.’ 1|. is inter
esllng to note the great progres
faruiers have made in a similar d
rt-ction.
Not many years ago straw stack
were couuu-d valut-less, and every
where burned. Now progressiv
farmers spwati the straw and find
l; i-`or time-.e p<-r'soris who are fortun-
i_ :ue i-:rough lo 1_'outrol land.for the
'll`U~\l‘ii-' 01' ‘~’i‘Lf»~tal>le-s in sufficient
q uuantii_\ lor ilu-‘irc-ati.-; of the family,
'_ stoirllu- will pr-o\l- nu ct-onoruy. Like-
, ‘-\r:i--. if will l.i`t<-u prove an economy
it lo rin.. isllf \“l1\~i;~.lil\~s to store.
a valuable l't-rLili1.1-1', and whilu bu|'n- 'i°'I"" :""""f5" EST" i"'i"""“"""' “E an
ing is still much too often practice:
1 |»r.i»::, but 1-spwiully so li thc ‘price
I of ulinlric 1-o:il;riri\'|:= lor use in cun-
it is a dying custom. lu some sec _ " _ _ _
tions uf \V(____l‘,|." C_m,_um Im, GUv,_I.n_ mug ami il|'_v|_i|i_' is high. _
|,|,m| has |m_mdd`m lm, burning or (.1‘op:. oi :;ult:ibl¢_' f.'oi'is that ll‘Ltl\|ro
slr'a\v slacks.
Corn stovi-r has a fluctuating vali
.it at ¢ai:i;.ir. \'_lu-u rin-y can bc pr-Q-
|,. \:.-rwil by .~.lor_iug sliuulil be kept in
fmil, y,-;,|- lu y,._,,-_ vmymg Wim 111,. tht-ir riziiurul condition iii.-dead ol"hc-
supply of our roligliagcs and livt- illéi cziiirntl or dried. Noi only 18 if
stork (-0|\iiigp,n,;_ pm H5 f,_.,.(1im¢ nu-'.»,il»if- to r':ti|u'<\ thi- cost oi' tho
-value is definitely known, and forl  'ill l111`-it Vi \|!.\' ini' ‘-'1'U\\'i!\l~! will slur-
Suluc _vt-_a|'s past the tcmlt-m'y has luv \'t-:'_~|;il1l\-l: lui lmine use, but the
been loivurd with-r' use of thc stalk
Cottonst-\-ti, valuable both as
§_ :\ta.l;r¢-riot' ul`_iiu\;1u.: 1|. supply oi'
at il*-4*- \\;_"‘l:tl:l¢:s ucau' ul hnrui, so
fm-ri ,mit ,L ;f,..,~;i|;,_,.,-_ w,,_., f,,|~,|,,.,-|_\- rl.;-1, |'.~:...|'tli|;:;; ol in:tr'ircls and \vin-
thrown away. lt. is now a iiy-_pioriiir-I If-1 If mi-1 i:iinrt_~;, the li;-'I may be
of tr'c|iil-miulis iiiiiniriaiire, not alone \'uri<-~i, lr :'-onli-tiring that cannot he
to the cotton industry, but to ihiiuin- l:l=-:tr-\:|s-1! ru il<~il.ir:i nm] cents.
erahlu cattle i'rr¢-ilvi's. '
A frail'-.ri-i't~ ;,';ir<lci1, li' cart.-il for
Fai' ll/est cattle- fc<-tiers would iinrl prop- ilw. '..ill |»i'odur'f- far iuoro
it diflir-ul\_ io <iis|»cris<- with eusilcd rt;;.\t;il=i-».= than the avi.-rage lauiily
beet tops, nutritious by-proiiuct. of
beet growing for the sugar' mctorics.
Hardly a.yi~ar passes that sou
lt’
waste product is not utiiim-il in :r
large way for the first. time. Our oi'
the newest liigli-protein chicken fm-ds
is the riuds and waste euuiiig>; oi'
cheese pressed into large bricks. it
is now being ura1'kctr-d on n eonuri|-i'-
cial scalc. Cattle and sheep l'ce<it-|14
in the pinto beau tt~rriIoi'y, which
now takes in practically, all of New
Mexico and Colorado, ami growlull
areas in Wyoming, Nebraska ami
Kansas, are fast. making bean straw
n stamlard article. lican growing iu
this section is undergoing _crc-at. dc-
velopuicnt, ami bean straw will be-
come an important food. it. is used
as the sole roughage with satisfnc-  `
tory results, but. a better plan, so
Y
it. with cnsilagc, when its value is
close to that of alfalfa.
And no one has forgotten yet thai.
sweet clover, now a valuable lcgunie,
was formerly a weed-and still is
one, to many farmers.
When one considers the many by-
product foeds used 'by dairymei_i-
low-gr'm|c molasses, beet pulp, brew-
ers’ grains ami a dozen otliersfit. is
hard to see how the agi'ieultu|'al in-
dustry could get along without them.
“'l‘or-onto Street” hi \'imy.
The Sf-cours National of' ’l`or'ont0
sonic time ago decided to adopt the
te_wn of Vimy and to work.l'oi' its
1'c-cstalilislimerit. That thc efforts
the who have used it say, is to feed 
l
. ‘M

-. .=;~..';.*ri
.MJ
- - _-Jn , .
».°-'
'gtg
of tho ru(-inbcrs are appreciated is |ni¢,»im- of  _  ..,-» I-:»:.m.i
shown by thc following letter from Equipped \_ - __ ,__ .__ \-~. _,___--,i
M_ons. A. Ansari.: _ E\_,.ui5,,,g _ c____ IJ __  ,,  ,,.
Sir Glenholuic l<`alconb1'idgc, Vcnmau°‘:'1"""
President Secours National ,
'|`U"0“'0- r-an <~onf=uim- |lnv"I'~'.' 1" 1
Dear Sir,-~I have been iriforuictl
perlinl ol i‘u» rt-7,; '_ if",
by l\Ir.` 'l`anotaux in the nalno oi' the I,m.|i,,H M- IN, ____ » H 1,,
_Committee "l<`t'ancc-Cauzuia" , that.
thi- Secours National oi' 'l`oront0 was
lvolvil lu lhrisff. vi-L;<'i, l»l~ ti v '~
l .‘ i'.~: .' mu  ilu-\' 1'
_ _ _ _' it-\i\.1‘t .| -.1 1 _
dtspuscd to act in the capacity of My H,_,_|___ l_,,_,`__ Mm
Godmolliei' to thc Canton oi' Vimy_
As Mayor of the town of Vinny, l
aiu very tlesirolls that your f‘omiuit-
sloi 4| lu ll' at f ._
tee should undertake the work they ______'_l_l ____ _______ _
have offered to do for Vimy. 'l`hi-
e1'_\', ur;iu:i.‘. ll: :' :rip-». .1 -~ ‘
_ l.:.ll|\ rl 1' \
status of iiodruotlicr to my coiuuiuuc __f___ 'lb __`l___` ___ _
has not been accorded io airy charit-
_ . im, th: l..i~
ahlc organization, or to any person, ,|.h__ _________ ____ 
and your couiruittcv 'will be r<-cof-‘»-
, , , .g is :roi nl :.ll fill. 1; _
nized as our official iiodiuoihvr. 'i his s____________ _.____m_i_ __ _ M  _ _ ____
decision has been taken by the Muni- _________ "|___________ __ b__________ UM; ___ _ _Y
b.rs are ai present scattvrctl to the
that they could lay their hands ou
thc town of Viniy, with which I lravr'
stamped this letter.
ll. is par'ii(~ul:\1'l_v 1\Kl""*`1ll’i" ill ll-r'-.
the iriliahitarrts of the <`;ii\|ou of
Virny. on the ;.'I‘ouud over \vl|i<'|\ .\">\ll`
Canadian .<oldicrs so corir';\;.'\-o|r.=l_\~
fouflhl, to s~;ct- that your t-oinputi-roi;:
are to-day coming to the aid oi our
unfortunate population.
lu order to givi- |~xp1'|-ftsiuri of our
gratitude, l aut cl\au'i-(ini: iuysi-lf_\\_'i|lr
me duty of uslrrng' 'HH' .\luu1cu1=\\
Council on their tirsi reuuiorr to in-
scribe on a uiurhle plucqm- the r\.\_uu-
of your comiuiltt-e und of its oiln-mls
and to place this marble plaequc in
tho Hall 01' lionor al the City llull.
We tiesire also to naiuc om- of our
strccts or' sqlrai'cs in thc town of
Virny in your honor.
(Signed) Monsieur A. Ansart.
'i‘lrut \\':\_~' lt. -
One of thc favorite stories iolil in
army camps in lhc earlier' days oi
the wur' was that of flu- rccruli who
defvcinpcd a queer ui:'mi‘a'vvr'y short-
ly nl`tcr he had been assigned to a
depot regiment. Tiim- ami again in
barracks ami out he was seen pick-
ing np pieces of paper from thc floor
or ground, looking at tht-ui, iuuttcr-
ing "ihai's not it." and pnssiiit: or\.
l-le refused io explain his notions. The
uraiter' finally calore to thc attention
of-his oflicl-rs and they had hiur re-
ported to tht- attention of' ri medical
board for examination. Whcu he
came before the hoard the recruit
grabbed up this papers on the table
ind looked them all over before he
rould be pri-vented. “'l‘l\ut’s not lt,"
he repcaicd as he exuruinvd each one
lc-.vt-rislily. Finally, after lvhgihy
obscrvution, the medical officers re-
coinniended his discharge, via the
“s. c. o." route. Whcn the soldier de-
-lallcd toacrouipnny the apparent lun-
atic to his home was handed the
iischargo certificate the cause of it
ill seized it and perused it hastily.
‘Tlmt is lt!" he yelled. And. it was,
lor the release- froru the service was
‘Legislative Asseinblx. _ ________ ___g
-permitted to stand, _ ______________ _
&'.;pal Council of \imy, whose morn- ___ _________ use of _[___ ____H___~__ _'___ ________
_ _,  _ :1 large 4-io.-c|. or other paris of the
f°‘ir__ce(;_1(;l°;l:)nr__IF‘:_§:;_‘;{ut 1hnn|_,___\,0uitiwelliuc, :li-pcruling up:-u flu- rliar-
onthe ofhcial paper' oi' our coiruuumvl iulwlf "1 th" """‘l""'. I" l"` m""°‘!'
but the Ger'\ua1is have takc_ri every _ A _‘_""'l~_ \\'*_’_i_|"-'viil__;_lu|eil ¢-cl_l;ri~ r;_u-
‘ _"l letter-lic'ul oi’ irtier ‘Pr Hx ‘vw mu 0 "gh ‘Lum HH( '_
Dlece or' ommd ‘ ‘I tion.-: lor ilu- >'lul'u‘.i<- oi V1»‘:i‘i:1l>Y-~;.
and up to dale we ha-ve been unable '»\|1‘l\_.\' “"|lill‘=i ll;"_‘ ll‘i_l “"Il =‘ll1l_\`li Ui'
. . _~ , :~ ‘ ‘ -'ry -1 » ~:< '.` :-1 ‘ I `
to obtain enough p1rper|-vcii to urut _‘lil l_'\T_ ‘_ :‘_l _*_ _ _ ';\ _\l\__'____‘___ iétfil
' ».~' --__ .\`i il '§i‘ i 1'.!- 1 . ‘-
you this lt-tier. Aiom- thuit .still it _ _ '_'\_'_| _l " ___"_  '_ __ __ __ _ _ __ __* _
main.-1 in my |m1<sc-ssiorr the swirl oi |l.~l ~ toni. hun.. .1 |_.ii..u< or it .l.ru;.,
the il\.‘..|l|n;-_ \;.‘.r_..|_\ uri too \\'a1'm
alllri lo.| dl ‘» ful' lim :lo|’:l.=Iu .l` l‘(/Ol.
t'1'up_~: ll iz. ulufr |u\::=ilil<~, hu\\'\‘\'\»i',
|u1»:xiiil|.»:t.»1»`:1 |o\»|.i t-iiht-r iii uuo
r'u|:|=-r or ui Ulu' vlui uf Lilo '.'t'llIll‘
'.\!l-»;t- the isrurpt i'.l|ur'u may bv cou-
troll- <1 I,-.r rm mn. ol oiilruie windows.
.\l lt- .-.1 om- \', imlox-,' 1:; nf <'<;'.~ui'_\`, and
tu., or n--..'_- :lic .h:.ir;il»lc for admit-
till.: ii' :ll uint \t-rililzrtiuri.
i`.:|r:uli.‘.|i .\r\i,',u.-a |lu|>.'u'ls.
(`.-u..~1|;\ri lrrivilirss of pui'<\»hri~_i
me :_||»»l. tvynlrrell ilu- i't<'oi\:;|rm~|ioi\
in-rriul with ilu' ;;t't_ri¢-,al uup‘ur'luliori
oi rum -ure-.l Aini'tlc\_ii-.\ng|1s lhat.»
tw. vw :rt out ol' the linitt-ti State.-4,
.'.'u|vrt’.i:i:: io i‘liz‘i'l\'.s \ir:xj.'_ :‘cr'r'l‘ta\y
ol ilu- ,\\.i~-tb-:iii .\l|t.u'<|r:cr1-Angus
lir1<\\iti::` .-\;=<=:n iuirou. Not only did
i ~ 1 r
ih~' \\'r:'.t ',;\I ihi lii;,l|\~;u p|')<‘<\d i`1-
muli.-; <»\<~1‘ impui 1.-d i1uot‘:\naflu, but.
|i|~- \-:.:<1 pouch: i\'.‘u burn-livs ot'
|-,i;'..'~~\\i'ni\iii: <l=nl<Ei~<:.
'l`hf- til\-m':\ruuvh h< rd ul llrau-
fluu. .\l:iu., o\\'ur-il by .i_ li. .\lr(ir<;:u|',
'_:|\l:»‘ the lrrriztul hut:-'li uml thi- hiph-
=.¢l pri¢'l-tl uui:u:il:',_ For Illzickliirll
l’|'\:'.',.'/:: `\litli'\;'-ir' |\;;i<l $1,300. Ai.
'ln- l:r|<\r':t:ir».nrl lu- paid $1,000 for
_-\ it-.a l'i..ni:_lior\ Quii-ri, 30:10 lol
l`.‘...rk Ali.. of :lun ll.\i1w, $l,LZ:'»0 lot
r-...cu i'Ill:.u 21.'-th.
_‘.\r-_ lio\\.=r~t_' i-lull-i;'i\, l-'or|'::i_. tint.,
on-=_»_bi ru--Wg, tiki. iii.-1 .» |’.|uu|n
:Zn-.1 un _.lim at ilu im ...ulornv
-..l~-. und |»..iu will our' é'l.uu|| for
tin' ui'\.u young piizc \\':uniug bull.
l'I;.p.>ii .‘.l;:'|:;h:ill, v.hi\'_'l\ Limoll ¢'0t'0ll<=
lu lil.; \'i...=_» ;'i tfl\h'ui_'u.
Mr. tl, (I. (i!|.i';;r_,n, (_i,r]{\\t.m;_
(lul., also i-u:'.h :un .\ its' hiatt o
hiilll t l. I. .. ,~ ;'- rl Alu l‘ri» if
.\l. 112.. ;'.l .v put ‘f -.J It '..'!i\lt- | -
.ru-', .\ll' |"‘  ' :iusl ‘li Vi..-
noii :att |_!. it ' »?\~' ,u 1-
thougli .\l. 1..-i.ii.¢. f _..-.- _ i...
hizril ul 'iu.:»;u-i ln;.i :'.||u|\.|\-i. `
l" lilly \l|'u|»|iiiig'-.
l‘ouli;'y _iropplugs ~|»l`r- \'-vi (ppl
kept ill? illilil llixl _vi`~..r uili 7u|'uisi\
.1 good supply of nitrogen for gurtign
‘ur0p:». -.
B aurora ' ' ' t
_ . _ _