“its 7 s s ii Etgléa-gifiéié‘ ‘.. ...-_...’..._.ld»..-.-<@ nlfl45t.aopgfl“u ‘ FFdRMERs, sroc D A .§i.S ~ NE WS’ Y I IIAGIIJQI‘ ‘Moms * WHAT IS MONEY? Whoreuutlo is money good‘! Who ms it not lacks hmrdlhood. Who has it has much trouble and care. Whoonoelnshaditbudospok. So says c. seventeenth century German poet. in words everlasting- ly tzue. A Senhcr Moreng of Lisbon Portugal, seeing that lie lacked the "hardihood" imparted by ti.e pnmcsslon of money, cudgellcdl his wits to find a remedy for that state of affairs. and succeeded only too well. as an Eiiiglisli cor- respondent informs me. Almost. two years ago the Sen- hor approached Messrs, Wateriow, and English film who made a spe- ciality of printing bank notes, and alter presenting credentials, order- ed the firm to print. notes for the Bank oi’ lisbon to tire value of about three million dollars in our money. Warci-loivg.‘ printcdl the notes find lirliidsd them to Sciilior Marang, who thereupon withdrew to his own country and quietly put " them into circulation on his oivn behalf. It wasa Ginslderable time before the Bank discovered the fraud, which Wns found out when rlmes with duplicated numbers be- Ban to come in, and rather than face a cormmercial panic by refus- ing to give cash for the spurious notes. they "sent good money after bad" and: paid for them when pre- vented. Portuguese trade improved, of course, because the ‘inflation’ was made secretly. and consequently the pLQflC had more money with- out prices being raised against them. A ilery curious but eminent- ly satisfactory thing to the Portu- guese commonality, and even more so to the Smihcn- who quietly fad- ed from the picture. The Bank, however. did not see the humor of the transaction, and sued Messrs. Waterlow 'l'cr com- pensation: before the English Judi- gw the whole question became "Did the Bank lose the full face value of the notes or only the amount covering the cost of the paper and printing?" The Judge of the first court found for the Bank, for the full amount less the cost of printing. Waterlows’ appealed, and of the three new Judges two tlhought a million and a lull was due to the Bank-a sort of compromise- but the third said it was only entitled to the 00st of printing tlie notes. The cue was thereupon can-led to the lords-the highest court in the land. There three Judges decided that the Bank was entitled to the full three millions. while the other two were of the opinion that the cost of printing ought to satisy the claim. The Bank won and that was the end of the case. Nine differ- ent Judges held four different opinions as to what took place in the transaction! The 10rd Chancellor said. in the course of the trial, that "while pa- per money lies in the vaults of a bank its value is only that of pa- per and prlntkul; but when it is taken out of the vault its value en- flmly olmnges.” My informant pro- femec to be puzzled at the how, when. and why of the change: but the Lisbon Bank is quite satisfied. HULL-LESS OATS In the firmer‘: page of The Guardian last. Saturday appeared o. short account of the Laurel hull- Iesc oat. As it happened I received a. suiall quantity of that out by the lu/me mall. 1t in a very remarkable looking Sill-ill: lust the berrlel, with no ou- W!‘ ‘W11. and uenltly it weighs liavler, bulk for bulk, than ulyotlwroatlycseernlamen- debted to the kindness of Profes- A RAVEN’ n MARSHl-‘IELD J m. Ludlow JenUns. of Mordiftcld, While wilting to inform me that. Mr. Tuftfs w June 19th (instearl- of we liad two swallows build under tlieeavcsoftliebam,andasthey were protected they a-lwoyc raised a brood of thrice. Howover, the young never came hock to the old ones did. not come. It would be in- teresting to know whether our swallows are decreasing or not. MAGNESIUM ALLOY The exploitation of the Dead Sea is coins w limduee some lin- portant results in metallurgy when industry catches up to science. l; have been reading up" m. account of the conditions and flora, etc, of that part of the world. and in par- ticular a/ri analysis of tile water; and what struck memost vats the fact that more than 26 per cent". of tlie analyzed water ‘were mineral solids, and more than half of the sciinis m; magnesium chloride. Now, lntlgllcsium chloride was flriz wducecl to the metallic state about the yctu; 1800, but until very recently, from various circumstan- .. , its production was not oom- mcrcially profitable. and so the meta‘. was made in small quantities and had few uses. For years one iiczilrl of it only as flashlight pow- der in photography. In producing the metal, the magnesium chloride afte" being dried, is separated from the other components of the bruie. and fed into a steel vat. Herc it is subjected to intense ileat. and 9m electric current; the chloride is driven off as gas,‘ and finally the magnesium metal rims off in a. silvery stream, to be cast, into ingots. In the search for alloys it has come to light tlizit magnesium when alloyed with certain other metals, develops such qualities a5 extraowllnary lightness, hardiness, and fatigue. wrosion and shock resistanm. as well as other proper~ tles which await exp7;._1on_ Mu. minlum, manganesacadmium, and homestead, and this year the old EM ll l 0 ll IN B‘ APPLE TREES ecomposinc. supplies o. considerable quantity of plant food Applied to apple 63:66. sod, mulch has a decldely bcneflcal leffoot. as molatuna is conserved at a time in the season when itia uwcntbr required by‘ the trees. This. wmevber with the falrly lib- eral amount of plnnt food supplied by the dcooaipplng mulch material, creates n. very favorable soil con- dition whloh. under average con- ditions. will increase both yield and quality of mp. In an eiqaerlment, conducted by the Dominion Experimental Farms. at Abbot-afoul, Que. mulched Fam- euse trees _ have produced annual crops. of well sized fruit for eight consecutive years. Unmulched trees of the some variety, in the slum block have remained biennial in btdring habit during this period. Practically any kind of vegetable nuateillal such as straw. glass. gar- den refilse or even corii stalks lvlll make a satisfactory mulch. The materiel should be spread evenly over the ground . from about vwo feet from the trunk o! a. mature tree to at least a sunilar distance beyond the spread of the branches. The amount to be used will de- pend. to sCme extent, on the local conditions. In order to permit the trees to ripen and mature the wood. sufficiently early ln the sceason, to insure the maximum of winter hardiness for the variety. a muldl should be almost entirely decompo- sed. and no longer palble of oom- serving moisture. by about thefirst of August. On rolls well-supplied with essential numerals and high in ‘organic mower. relatively large qualities of mulch material may be used, providing tile trees require it. On poorer soils. wllieie decom- position may be slower. relatively smaller quantities must. be used. In general, however, a, covering 0f °°PPBr ane the metals used to pro- duce tile alloys. One of these al- 1oys-tlie composition of which is a trade secret-resembles elumln. ium but. is only two-thirds as hea- vy. A truck-trailer built of the al- loy was half as heavy as a similar trailer built of steel. Naturally the metal ls destined to a great future in aeronautics. r At the plesetn time a. firm in Germany is the world's greatest producer of magnesium alloys, which are marketed as "Elektron" metal: the source of the mineral balrug the famous Stxasfurt. depo- sits. But the U. S. A. stands sc- cond, prcductng. the magnesium from brine, which however has s. magnesium chloride content of only 3 per cent. The Dead Sea. brine has Just five times this con- tent. mid is apparently inexhaust- ible. It appears that the Dead Bea. climate ls very unhealthy, and very few indeed of its early explor- ers escaped death from fever. This led to neglect of o. region "rich beyond the dreams of avarice”. which. since the British mandate is being rapidly Walled up. THE ORDER ‘OF INSECTS ‘The Order Mallophaga is of spe- cial interest. to far-rulers because it comprlzes those "biting lice" which infect the mammalian live-stock as well as the poultry. feeding upon the haili- or feathers. The general dwcrlptlon of the insect ls: Body flattened, often hard; head large and flat; jaws usually toothed and pointed. The legs am strong, and tile front legs are sometimes used to convey food to the mouth. 'f‘he eyes are simple. This class of lice is usually called “Bird-lice!” louse is known sdentlflcally as OARTEIPS June 5th, as as first arrangedi_ says that bird noted are warez; this spring. but than: a raven is mus. 111i some curiosity in the vicinity of Moi-oilfield. Several times Mr. Jenkins has been asked what the big black bird was. He reports both the white-crowned and the white- Qfiroamod in some num- Blrd life is not very abundant in my own diotriotz. A few years ago. one could look out any fine mom- ins at this season. and see a flock of a dozen or more robins, hopping chain. the front field and. prospggt. ing for worms. Now I can count the flock on one hand. The crows are increasing, and there are num- hers of gracklcs. and it is due to these determined nest robbers that the robiris are "dying out“. A note in the prom says that the pe0ple of Amherst are Waging war 0n these birds. after seeing them eating the robins’ eggs. Alas, we “let things slide.” and will only wake up when it is too late. An effort should be made to keep down these birds by destroying the young in the nests: if the eggs are destroyed the crow or grackle will only go somewhere else and lay more. By allowing the eggs to hatch, the bird loses time! For the second year in success- ion. a robin, bralnler than l1.? unnpanlons, has built hei- nest In- side the wagon shed. on the lin- tel. Just above the door. Bhc is safe from everything but the squirrels. If the roblns can learn to trust to man's protection, they may yet survive. The other mnsllet birds observed. are the vecper, chipping, my SEEDS GROW SEED OATS SEED HARLEY FIELD PEAS VETCHES BUCKWHEAT FODDER CORN And A full stock of FIELD and GARDEN SEEDS from the best. and most reliable INWQ" in ENGLAND. CANADA ind UNITED STATES at our SEED STORE, QUEEN STREET. and sold by over 150 MERCHANTS in P. E. Island. - MAIL ORDERS promptly attended to. If you did not gel. one of our SEED CATA- LOGUES ask for It. Garter & 0o. Limited mice-crowned sparrows but than n- mi iuntuu re some about four inches of straw. 0r its equlvelcnt in other material, is sufficient. If thelmaterlal for mulching mus-t be hauled in. the best time to apply itia in tflie early winter, preferably after the snow- fall. when trarnped into the snow it will. not. as a. rule. be disturbed by the ground. In this condition. de- composition starts quickly and the material vrlll remain moist. thr- oughout the season. rarely if ever dry enough to constitute a. fire hazard. Where grass. or other vegetation. is cut. in the spaces between the trees and used for mulch. the. first cut-ting should be made early in the season. certainly not later t/ba-n, the middle of June. and the material applied wltltl¢ moist and green. The next cutting should be delayed until! the terminal buds have fon- niedonthenewgrowthentlhetrees usually about the middle c! Aug- ustlf mulch is applied dams the middle of the summer. tree grown may be unduly prolonlstd and ser- ious winter injury result Menopon pallldum; it has several local names, as “Feather” t": “Fowl-louse!” ‘llhere is a “La-Vile hen-louse" (M. biserlctum) which is about one-eighth of an inch long-twice the sine of the common lien-louse. (The Anoplura it will be remembered, are the sucking lice" infecting humans), Several interesting bulletins have been published by authorities on these varieties of lice. and may be had cm application to the Domin- Ycu can plant com every weak this month to be sure of n. succ- carton. Get all the tender annuals plant- ed. This la the season when they will spin as soon astihe hot sun gets in its work All seedlings should be moved from frames and boxes into the open ground at once before they become tnolnrge to move easily. Top dress the lawn with bone meal oi- mlier commercial fertilizer. ing dry hot weather. Keep on sewing carrot: and beets. You will need them later. Keep the spray handy and take a. shot at all bugs that show them- selves. Let the asparagus start Brawl“! up. It doom-rt pay to cut it to late in the season. Keep‘ the pods nipped on the sweet peas. They will stop bloom! if needs form. You can still plant oucumbe the elrlier ones. we]: them lnwliere the blue have’ Attmd u. culling menu mo. lrock cress. OANIEIUIY Illlnl fight diycfbliennialc. whlohuo pln-nfothatrmlstbestuaod froth fmmaecdeveryyuurmkevpthau lnsvocknistiheyblocnitheirncond year and then die. Fbllsloves and es: bbennula-ls and two cf the most beautiful subjects. While frvquant- ly grown together. they like soils of entirely different chm-acne!‘ to be at their best. ‘The ccnterbury bellfa/vors a. lime Biiennid-ls itllllGardens Need Bansgudmanarotmrbmdto Canterbury bells are the comlmon- all soil while the foxcfcve luirurlates lfl/fB-ISQ fresh 918ml‘- Wch 7°"- curlers. pllnt. two blcnnluls now to have bk to store in cold frames fur ylnter. the 01119’ "in? 5939 w‘? - w“ oertlln o! iicviiis than N winter kill badly in some sec- , being unable to stand winter fleet]! hardy no Amther biennial which is slow- ly growing into favor because of 14-! snugly grace. ions a. favorite in mgllgl. gardens, is the mulleln 0r verbasciun. The stately 8P!!!“ °4 light yellow and pure white bloom an beautiful as sbgtdy detphinhuns. The ruullelns bloom for 91° Swill/E!‘ W41 ‘l! m9 nmimer. Once you have them 11W flllwfly; have them ac the ale free seeding and their dlief dud-Whack is u», necessity of iioeliig up mvriw o! young mulleins each infini- However. they m we“? WWW‘ o: plant as one swipe of the hoe fin- ishes them. A miiileln for tile ml. surden is g perennial. ‘mic is the Phoenlcn-u mullein which has dark green corr- ugated leaves lying flat on the F‘ Olllld and all? spikes “f bltonl {W more than l8 inches utmost. in pinks. flash and "purple tones. It is a plant. for B. shaded involve or the rock garden where its rosettes U“! gnacedull spikes are very Omwlem‘ n. Sweet William is another biennial although it is not so true- ly biennial in character as the fore- going plants as often it will live for several seasons. 1t ls best. 110W- ever, to treat it as abiennlal and Rock gardening has assumed a position of such lmwrllinw that consideration of anunals tic main- tain color dulng the summer mon- mm l; a question dfgarden efficien- cy. m- tlie most part. ma 8101'!’ 0! the rock garden has departed by the end m’ June. The great race of plants that zlequlre rock 811111911 gmmanl, fog their best success are spring bleachers. By flhe 111111610115 use of annuals of short and tufted growth color may be maintained dill-mg the entire season. Oare mlust be taken not to 1n- trodluce too heavy smiling wmlflk which might smother soane of the me;- perennial salbjecfts. Seed should be sown fairly late ln the spring by merely 54103411118 1i‘- 0n bare patches among tihe rock plants. First in inlpcmtanoe of these tin!’ plants in pcmular esteem is the tiny J01 psldum aca/ule. a. dime inch mlniture with lovely lillac flowers. It comes into bloom quickly and goes out quiokly- A supply of seed to scatter every 110W and then will be useful. California. has given us a number o1 b11811‘ Poultry Husbandry (Continued) Good results are usually obtain- cd by the use of a light at night Rock Garden Annuals little annuals for the rock garden. and mtg o1 the prettiest and best. lmownoif tiheee is baby blue eyes 0r ncvnophila. The old fashioned pczltulaco or rose more makes 9- RIDFiEB-msl?! effective plant scattered between the stones in a walk, particularly if m‘; i.“ crazy paving style. It is M20 useful on the hottnst and portions of the rock 831mm- A little jewel is the leptosiphon giving a. variety of bright ctilorlrlfl mslzenndgrowthin keeping with rock plants. The vlolas raised from seed. aspa- elmly those of the crawls W! oofnutg types, will bloom 1M6 in the season from 8914M 87W" 399d “d may be uged to produce fine color effects in the rock garden. Some 0! the dwarf paw: drllilnllondi may be introduced to give a brilliant. splash 0f color. Nlereznbergla. 55 mother excellent plant. Bedxuns are rook 81116" Bwldb?“ and the ‘little armudl sedum. 8- coeruyewn, with a wealth of blue bloom ls deserving of a choice 111MB among the rock Pkmlfi done four or five times a clay and the chicks should be allowed to haw all they can eat, in from ten to fifteen minutes. After each meal remove all feed. so the. the chicks will be hungry for the next meal when it comes. ' ‘ in the broader. This light must not be too sxong, not more than 10 watts. just enough to enable the chicks to see there way about. They will then continue feeding during the night. and the increase in food consumed will result in more rapid growth, This, a1 course, only applies during early hatches. as later chicks get enough exercise during the day. All drinking fountains should be carefully disinfected, and alter be- ing filled should be placed in the brooder so that the water may be warm before the chicks come to it. Sour milk. 1f obialnabie, is a. good drink for the chicks. and this is best served in earthenware or wooden troughs. as the milk very quickly contaminated by ‘not- al containers. It sometimes happens that chick; get overheated while on rail, an when this happens there is l. chance of them getting chilled wheg they are unloaded. It is well the to meet the chicks when they ar- rive, and get them into the brood- er as soon as possible. when the chicks are being unpacked lt is well t0 dip the beak 0f each chi it into the water trough. They be thirsty after the journey, a d may take a. long time to nnd c water if left to themselves- Just prior to leaving the sh l1. ucl-i chick draws in a large sup ly of food in the form ol egg y lk. and great harm may be done by feeding the chicks before this t- ural food has been assimilated. lva plenty of water at all time: but do not be in a hurry to feed. and ed vary little at each meal. A ery good method of starting the ch cks is to cover the whole floor of he broader with newspapers, on w lcli is scattered some fine chicken rit. This will ensure the presence of grit in the glzurd before the ar- rival of any food. The best food for the chicks ts the best chick feed that money can buy-nothing less. Feed a really good brand of chick starter in the manner described for grit. 3nd the chicks will soon be putting i. away like little men. Feeding should be make ‘Mll growth, particularly de-iphtnlllms and dahlin. Got. iii all the perennial seeds now. Ncthinl is untried by delay and their growing ssoson is none to orig. You can plant sweet. alynum, canrlutuft. and dwarf mnrtgolds for edgims still and get bloom the greater part. of the winner. Get your bedding plants properly Rpnced and thin them by pinching icut stnggly stems. It will help a lotlngetttngu. ftncmus ofbloom. “onion is a perectiy wonderful tonic On the third day place hoppers, filled with feed in the broader Gradually the chicks will get used [to feeding from the hoppers. and lwhen they do the feeding on paper may be discontLnued. {- There is everything that a. chick requires in a high grade chick starter, and this includes green deed. However, after the first ten ‘days very good results will be ob- tained by adding some finely choir‘ ped raw onion to the diet. Feed the onion for ten minutes twice a. day or for twenty minutes once a day on clean boards or papers, or in hoppers. Never have any feed about to get stale. Although it dues not seem to be known Benerally. the for chicks. Onion prevents both the extremes of constipation and diarr- hoea, and keeps the chicks right up on their toes. There are some poultry men who swear by the use of charcoal in the chick feed. but while we agree that. charcoal does certainly have a purifying effect on the system by absorbing gases which are gener- ated in the intestines we do not _thlnk that this claim can iusttfy us "in filling useful space in the chick- cnl interior with material of no nutritive value. A hopper of sharp grit should always be avafable to the chicks, and some finely ground charcoal mly be mixed with this. While the charcoal may do no per- oetible good it certainly can do no lmrm. Watch the pigment in the legs 0f the chicks as this is a sure guide to the vitality of the birds. Remember that you ale feeding to make the chicks grow and that it is possible to force them to the detriment of their health. If the pigment in seen to fade, reed the chicks a. little high grade chick scratch. but. remember that it is the mash or starter which k going to develop the bird, and keep tho gain down to u minimum, not more than one teaspoontlil per hundred chicks from the ages of two days to a. month. Prom about the flfln cl" sixth day, when the chicks axe feeding entirely from the hoppers, lhQYQ may be signs of constipation. Watch the chicks vcry carefully, and l! they appeal- to be sutfclirlg in this way, place a shallow wooden tray, fiilled with wheat bran before them. It ts well to fit the top of the tray with a frame covered with an inch or two inch wire netting as this prevents the chicks from scratching the bran out. on the floor. After warning against feeding too much grain it may seem strange to ad- vocate unlimited feed: of bran. Naturally one would assume that while the bran was available the Late plantiu conditions such ls have occund tilts season render the oontro ofl weeds nmch more dllfln- uit than under ordinary conditions. Many annual weeds In moat cu- ily killed by anti-voting or “ ‘ them outwlienctllilntlliesecdlln! stage. They are very tender and easily killed for ten days or so after they halve germinated, and fields infected with spurm. chick weed. tenths-quarters, mart weed. and other amiunl weeds whose seeds di-e short-lived. may be fatty well destroyed by eultivattns wvml t!- fore seeding out with gram seed- mes at about ten day intervals be- We have folmd a weeder the most satisfactory implement for this work on grain fields. Where a hood crop can be used and the work foll- owed up throuehout- the crowns season ouch weeds sliocld be clean- ed w; by burying them with the dlisk hoe several times. ' Some of the iii-are troub-esomc annual weeds may b9 deslrw” W cltoznical sways if applied when the bloom is in the bud stflde; Aroonl these are mustard, wild radish and other broad Ieuved annual weeds. Sprays recommended are 3 Der cent solution copper sulphate. tblllv‘ some) o; a, 5 per cent solution of sulphate of ammonia (common fu- tllllzar). ‘Ilhesc sglgllhlldhliiehapgirgsdug a. fine 511ml! B- K pmito sprayer. Some bumln-Z Wm occur to the grain which m8)‘ l” foil: or five inches lush wit?“ u" sppaylng must be done. but J» us“ wally quickly recovers and when b fertilizer is used it ls acailv ailm- ulated in its glvwth. These weeds ‘have also beenhvflvl’; considerably checked by H1 geedlnglg of gram on well fertilised land. Barley at four 1111831915 P" cereand cats at 3'4.» bushels P" acre. drilled iii. verv srfleflv {'3' duced the mustard seed that matured. Perennial weeds sunh B8 WW3‘ grass ll’ worked to the surface and completely dried 1°!‘ m!" m‘ four days will be killed. Caution must he taken to see that the roots a1. shaken ffgg from soil because u tile soil adheres m them Blur “"11 not die for many dWS- It h“ bee“ dryest found that cutting up couch roots or drying out. part cf t~he rIY-ltidfies not kill them. Boeing fihe "m5 by cutatng of! the grass stalks is 0f little value unless continual M? intervals of ten day! 1mm 59mm until November. There does I103 seem 1o i» my gain from M1791!!! ggmch, roots. The mlly satisfactory method isto thrombi? ‘m’ 9mm out. E E tum with the chicks and they W iEJcEEie-wed interest to their feeding. There is another tIBWYtB-nt mcw‘ with regard to the feedlns of bu» All the time you are feedlns “w chicks you are thinking 01 m9 day when these same chicks have grown to the axe of nettins w“ an income. Now lf you feed a chick a concentrated feed there is ll-tlQ work to be done in the intestine. a; all the nutrimerlt the chicks require is drawn from a small bull of food. Hence the intestine will remain small right up to maturity- But, if you feed 5W" "an. the 1X1" testtnes are enlarged with a view‘ to extracting the nutrinlerlt from Lil!» bulky feed. Later on. when you feed concentrated laying mash to the birds in the laying house, this large intestine wiil insure amok’- capaclty for the extraction of nut- rlment. both for heavy egg yield and for retained vigor. Hard as it. may somedme; seem. it. does not pay to doctor sick or crippled chicks: these should be culled out. as soon as seen, and killed. Agrtlguixrumsr rlllvtxéfi FLEAS and PARASITES Why do the same job over and over again? Ordinary that merely ltupcfy llco sudden areiustawasteo Emu and money. Save money, labor and time by using Puloex. Hora in anfqodor- less dusting pcwder-- any to handleflieverinuay~thutinoan| cure and mutant 640th b0 on? flea. or louse it comes in coutac with on the fox. Puloex never hill. It not o actually ldllu, it prevents nte_relnfutntlou—hnlp‘_ _ you to maintain hcaltléy brooding stock and than bull up bigger and bcttar profits. PULVEX goes farther, don more, com la: Iruial on PULVEX through your Fox Supply Houu or Druggin. alumina s, ‘Wool 6.132.255.1325 '1' m. w m“ uiiii§':3u'ls.h":',‘ consumption of mash would fall ofl. Actually the reverse is true. Bran has a ‘gentle laxative effect WEED Btlllllltlt <1 FUR FARMING and 11s ACTIVITIES cnuas on MILtT-FLEDIMI rumour: run MOTHEK F°X _HASONABIIE rut-nous con 11m smvza FOX~FEEDUH3 . ma Moms]: mx AND mm pm“ _ HEALTIIFUL SUM- mln resume ron Foxes- quasi-ion AND ANSWER common SENSE A REQUIRE- mam‘ m nu: FEEDING 0F HIE smvna FOX There are many "HEB-Fla! that enter into and that are linked uP with the scientific feeding facts of Animal nuti-Lion. Thcse are mt of much use in practical allllllfllmn by the ordinary rancher or fur farmer in so for as the silver Fox is concerned. Nevertheless the feed-l in; of these animals l: partly bas- ed. at least. upon a scientific found- ation, and it is upon such a found- ation that we must build our struc- ture if we are to approach the mat- ter in a. logical sysematlc manner. After all. practical science is. or should be. the application of com- mon-sense facts. Common sense and science are very closely related. If this were not s0. then the sense would be nonsense, and the science would be unscientific. As we are dealing with the ques- tion of feeding, we may as well be- gin at the beginning, and ask ourselves: What is food? Many of those who are today engaged in the feeding of foxes (and they are reasonably sensible men, too.) at- tempt to bring up lheoe animals on the same kind of material they would use in constructing a. cow. In making this statement I dont want you to infer that all green feed or vegetables should be excluded from the tomes diet, but I do mean that th efox’: stomach should not be overloaded with a. large quantity of cereals. grass, turnips and hay. Post mortems on the stomachs of foxes fed this kind of feed has shown the food was undigested many hours after 1t had been eat- cn. This surely must be taken as an indication that digestion o! such material in a fox's stomach is not speedy enough. Nbtllre has not provided the fox with a stomach to accommoda‘ such methods of feeding. ' On the other hand we can safely take it for granted that Nature docs not make many mistakes when she in arranging for natural pro- cesses and I think we should pay at least some slight attention to Nature, and follow her leaching in roglrd to the proper feeding of our animals. It Ls apparent that the nearest. we approach to the nat- ural fcodatufs for an animal, the better it is for that animal. . CEREALS 0B. MEAT From the point of view of occu- omy it is, of course, only natural that a fur farmer should, as far as possible. strive to change the fox’: natural appetite for flesh and glandular foods. Such methods, on the other hand have proved, in many instances disastrous and false economy. From the practical side of the feeding question it is not n.1- ways possible to feed the fox in captivity with such foods as chic- kens. rabbits, field mice. and such like delicacies. We have in many med to set away from the natural requirements o! the fox, but. the substitution of other foods should riot lie in the direction of what is absolutely unsuited .o the anizilals welfare an; health, and. content. meat. In our ranches today can be seen many flue foxes that were fed on a. strict meat and glandular dick-that ls. such foods as liver. Kidneys. and saeetbreads. Then again we find many very tine and mom young animals in addl loo, There is a wide dlllfligenge views u to the proper diet for m, vixen at this stage. There are lhm who claim that the proton or m“; constkuent of the diit should M reduced during the gcstg, 10,, M“ lod, but I have known foxmcn w“, not only did not reduce the m“, diet, but increased it to a damp enable extent. However, mere l5 m, thing that most foxmeii are rm on. and that is that the meat M“ efiould be varied. 1t is not a w“, policy to feed the same kind 0; meat diet for a long period 4.1 “M. it becomes MOnOtOnOus, and u}; relishable to the fox, and there- fore, to a certain extent injury)“ to the vixen. Horse 11188.. and (up, beef hearts. heads of chickens, llv beef hearts, bsef trimmings’ m oflcr a. vefy suitable selection as; mean; to variety. For one of the meals each day you call Supply l.“ meat ground up so that lit tiic sane time you aJe able to supply f," with some cerel and Vegetables combined with fruit juice-these latter contain that very necessar, element. vitamin. On several m. casions I have called the attention 0f ranchers to these viiam m, m‘ the importan: bearing they hm on the health of foxes. Natural food products such as carrots, 1mg; tomatoes. lemons and oranges, coil.’ tain these vitamins in more or let: satisfactory quantities. In the feeding of {OXES the reg) difficulty ls perhaps not found iii the quality or kind of food lo glvg. them, but raiher the problem l5... how much to feed tlicm. The mat. ter of quality can be readily em. trolled by feeding a varied mm and vegetable diet in which cel- eal, vegetable and lriineral content exceed say, eighteen per ccn. ol the whole. Foxes can absolb e1 assimilate ‘just so much Vegetablg and no more. Any feed in execs: of that amount is waste, and will pass unchanged through the mg. mal. 111 Pens containing several ant. mals it is not possible tn have eon. ditlone so that each will new, an equal quantty of the food sup- plied them. This fact offers a strong argument against the practice of keeping the pregnant female and male together during the ges atleii period. It is of the utmost import- ance. also, that the pregnant fe- male be fed fresh meat. Nofhlilg u more injurious, or the“, will tend m reduce the size o; the litters than that of feeding the female on stale, frozen meat substances. FEEDING THE MOHIER. FOX AND HER. LXTTEI After the birth of a liter till mother fox is still in. direct control of their feeding. We assume that up to this stage you have lacked after her in a. proper manner. and prepared her for motherhood. It You have done this there is little else we can do for the ilelv-liem outside of the foundation so coli- structed in the preparation o! the vixen for motherhood. The career of the new-born pups, and your success or failure in rearing them. ,wlll largely depend on just. what care you took of the mother fail. The requirements o: the llllfsifll mother are important. and it would be impossible to stress this factor too strongly. 1t. is from the raw material you simply her with that ls produced the food in the shape of milk to nourish her progeny. As the pups ronttnue to grow, 1o will the demand upon her system to teed them increase in like propcrtiali. She should be fed all the nutritious fOOd she will consume withcu ne- jecttng any cf it. Th“ quariti y oi food supplied her will, of course, desirable foxes that have been brought up on cereals and veget- ables. or a. combinaticn of both varieties of foodstuffs. r-uiznllvc ‘THROUGH ma. MOTHER. Our usual conception of things is that the feeding of a fox begins at. birth. but this is not scientifically correct. The feeding of any animal b18111! just as soon as Nature has started it. on its life cycle through the production of a new individual. The new individual or unborn fox mother. and it is quite clear that. the mother must be fed food ele- ments that will supply the yjeh blood necessary to nourish the “Wing or unborn fox. It the mo- ther fox is not fed the proper building material, she ls forced to drew upon her own vitality to an injurious extent. To prevent, my, we must pay attention to what blolflklcni chemists and nutrition- ists have shown is the pmpcl- method in such cases. They have pointed out just. what lnlterial ls necessity for us to furnish in order that Nature may construct that wonderful piece of mczhanlsln which constitutes cur beautiful sil- ver Flax. FOR ‘HIE SILVER FOX Just ls with humans. no hard Arid fut rules can be laid doom for the feeding of the Silver 13km through special diets or otherwise. Home will require less than others, and the‘ successful foxmali is he who makes a. study ot the require- ments of nch individual animal in his ranch. The intimate knowledge ‘which he will acquire in this way om be used u a buts on which to properly feed his held. thus pro- vidtng a uniformity in the phyaicnl condition of each of the animals undul- nu" immediate care. Before proceeding further f wish to strum right here the lmDlT-llhb! of the proper feeling of the preg- nmt vixen. In addtiozi to cup- i-portlrlg her own body. she may Q REASONABLE RATIONS lave to support two, three, tour or . must. therefore, be fed through the di depend upon several factors-the {size of the litter, the natural m- {quirements of the female herself. She may also be a refuge fur many wasteful parades. which wl‘! sap that vitality to no inconsiderate extent. 600d fresh meat. ground biscuits, orange juice, milk and a few teaspoonsful of cod liver oil. Also bone meal which contains mineral salts is very ersentiill 10f the. nursing mother fax, just is much as it is for the grolving pups. Don't forget. too, the llriportance 0f milk in the diet. Wllolc lutk is one of the best constituents of tlio et. The cream should never be skimmed o5. HEiLTl-IFUL SUMMER FEEDING FOR. FOXES It is the practice of soire f0! breeders to exclude all meat from tlie vlxen's diet when the pups of" about ready for weaning. The wu- dom of this is questionable. The comparatively easily dgesled flesh and glandular food is replaced ill’ bulky. starchy focd. Under certain circumstances it may be the iflf» of wisdom to reduce the quantity 0f tougher meats. replacing thes: by substituting such things as B81“ and milk-although it has if!" found through practical experience that eggs must be fed with d!" caution to the young pup lust m"; in; out on life's Jclli-ney- The e53’ are apt to produre injurious rolidl- tions in the young pup. and reiirc its development and growth. N0! more than one-quarter of an f5! should be given to the weaned Pill’ The growing pups. in Pmwmgg to their weight. as eompfllfd "l" the adult fox. require mm m“ food. To lzegiii with the meat v0; tum o: the diet should not ‘exec’. one-half ouncnlnd tllo‘mll in: tlon from one and a half fills Ind fliud ounces. and the cores “w vegetables to about 1h!" ‘lam, ounces. The experlflmdd ma" gradually increases this I00 Wm and ta guided by the gradual c: H“ without fatnesf. of "w, P“Pr‘0w,,, ideal should ‘C8 ur08f°-“**"° 35m,“ gccd bone. zlvilll-i “W” ' long straight legs and _ (Continued 9n m‘