' THE'GUARDIAN

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'-"The strongest memory In WQIIGI than the Iellllll HI."

fussnsv. JULY 2:. ms

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Eleclion In Malaya

- It is odd that while Korea, Indo- China, and some other Communist trouble spots are in the news daily. little publicity is given the situation in. Malaya. Yet, that British colony isvprobably the world”: chief test- ing ground for the strength of free institutions in their fight against Communist terrorism and infiltra- ' lion. and it has been for more than seven years. Ever since the end of the, Second World War, in fact, Brit- ish troops, aided only by native 10.V' alis-ts, have been engaged in all-OU1 attack on guerrilla forces in what, by all accounts, is the most difficult terrain in the world for the maneuv- cring of troops and equipment I

The latest report is that, having tliilcd in their armed revolt, the 5 Communists have turned to the weapons of racial tensions, which are especially difficult to counteract in view of the fact that the Malayan population is almost 4004 Chinese- who are naturally vulnerable to PT0' puganda from PelPlnE- To make matters even more difficult for. the British. Malaya has been promised- tentatively. a measure of self-gov- ernmcnt, following I PODUIET (I90 tion which is to be held this week. Communist, agitators are making every effort to influence the VOTE among the strong Chinese faction, their hope being that what they have failed to do by armed revolt they will accomplish by bringing PV955'"'9 to bear on the elected representa- tives.

The British. however, and for- . tunalely, have I reputation for political realism as well as T0?

democratic bias. Knowing full well that Communist control of the legis- lative process would only mean con- tipued and even more violent. politi- cal and economic disruption in Malaya, they have plans made for a continuance of colonial rule, should Communist subversion result in the election of representatives under the control of rebellious elements. In other words. the Malayans must show themselves capable of exercis- ing political freedom with prudence and of retaining that freedom in the face of Communist violence, before they can expect to be left to their own dcvices. It is expected, how- ever. that the results of the elec- tion will show that Malaya is ready for the responsibilities as well as the privileges of self-government, in which casc the British will facilitate the transfer speedily and with good- will.

Behind In Their Bills

One way to make the United Nations more effective would be for the mcriber states to meet their fin- ancial commitments in full and on time. Unfortunately. according to a report from the United Nations Technical Assistance Board, which coordinates the activities of several international agencies connected with the world organization, this is not being done. As a result, three out of every four projects planned for 1954 had to be cancelled or reduced in magnitude. One example of this is found in a section of the report which deals with technical experts. It says that, although provision had been made for 2369 experts in one project, the available funds made it possible to engage only 1548.

Not only is this I poor way of do- ing business, as any ordinary busi- ,, necs enterprise can attest; it also

' has I bad effect on the countries -where U N technicians are at work. Obviously, the strength of local ef- t for: h governed largely by the as- &tIn6e that can be expected from outside. "The full fruition of the .-propfam will be Ichieved," says the report, "only when it can be planned Ind operated on I long term basis vhldli assured and expanding re- . -- AM, Only then will 1. - be encour-

nsuons b having beneficial results in various parts of the world. In parts of Southern India, for exam- ple, fishing vessels which have been mechanized with U N aid are catch- ing more fish in I month than they used to catch in a year. And in Baluchistan the water supply has been raised many times over. Like any business, however, the United Nations agencies can continue to function only if its member nations strengthen their good intentions with prompt payment of their bills. This country, it is to be noted, is in good standing. It is'to be hoped-and ex- pected-that those who are respons- ible for its honour among the na- tions will keep it that way.

Oil Resources

Oil is such an important com- modity these days in. almost every phase of industry, and so necessary to the defensive system of every country, that any information about the development of oil fields and re- fineries in any part of the world is of wide interest. A United NBUOYIS report on the subject, recently re- leased. says that. with Iran back in the producing field after several vears of drastic curtailment, due to its long dispute with Britain. the Middle East is again to the fore as one of the world's richest oil areas.

Eight years ago only 9"; of the total oil volume was pl'0dU('-ed In the Middle East: last year it rose lo 20'.. and it is expected to rise sharply this year. Exploration, which is going on all the time with the aid and. frequently, under the direction, of British and American companies, has shown that there are

Middle East oil reserves of more than 12 billion tons. This is more than double the amount reported

ten years ago. Time was when most of the oil taken from Middle East wells was refined and processed into various petroleum products in for- cign countries. This is no longer the case. The bulk of it is now proces- sed on the spot. much to the econ- omic profit of the adjacent areas. The chief advantage of the acceler- ated program to countries outside the area is that the supply is main- tained at a satisfactory level; this ensures reasonable price stability.

Oil is, of course, a great aid to war; indeed, in modern war it is the one thing needful. But, because it is contributing to increasing industrial expansion in hitherto undeveloped areas of the world, and consequently to improved standards of living, it can also be I. great incentive to peace.

EDITORIAL NOTES

From now on, although President Peron may be in nominal control of Argentine affairs, he will not be a dictator. The one fact that has emerged from the weller of spec- ulation is that the Army heads are now in the place of power. It may be the first sign of a return to some- thing resembling democratic govern- ment .

O I 0

Whatever else may result from the Geneva talks, it is not expected that there will be any noticeable in- crease in East-West. trade. For one thing. the United States is still op- posed to sending strategic goods (al- most everything is "strategic" now- adays) behind the Iron Curtain; for another, there would be a great deal of public hostility to ”made in Rus- sia" goods. Trade must follow, not precede. improved diplomatic rela- tions.

0 O I

No doubt, White House officials thought they were emphasizing Am- erican prestige when they sent three automobiles to Geneva for the President's use at the summit par- ley. They must have been put out to find that six cars-much bigger than the American models - had been sent from Moscow for the con- venience of the Russian Premier. Not wishing to keep up with either the'Eisenhowers or the Bulganins, Prime Minister Eden contented him- self with just one small limousine.

O I O

The Russian farmers who are now visitlng'the American Mid-West were spared the "humiliation" of being finger-printed by being classi- fied as "officials" by the Soviet Gov- emment. They did not escape the discomfort of vaccination so easily. When officials at Gander airport, where the visitors stoppeiien mute. learns! they had no vaccination oer- Muatu.,u mounted by psmdlsn - flan laws. the needles were -pun: forthwith? Reports say

' 1- bout Ill loaned port.

Another Major Import

Notes Of A Naturalist On Charlolielown Harbor

From an article signed ”D" (Francis Rain) in Hie Daily Examiner. July, 1882. Concluded from yesterdayls issue.

At lhc cntrance of the harbor we have some vcry good sections of rock exposed in the high banks on either side. Herc we see that the system is coniposcd of alterna-

- shells of purpuria

ling beds of sandstone and red I

clay shale.

sandstone have formed the head- lands and the hills. and how the more yielding beds of shale have been worn out to form the coves and hollows in thc land

We have here also an oppor- tunity of observing tlic dip. or inclination. of the beds. which is toward the north, at angles, in- creasing, as we proceed out the entrance. from three to ten de- grees. These bcds arc on the north side of the Hillsborough anliclinale. By careful observation we can trace the same inclination of strata right up the valley of the North River to the Bridge. A mile above that point there occur some beds of conglomerate filled with quartzone pcbblcs. These probably constitute the uppermost beds of the syslcni.

In the harbour thcsc beds are mostly obscured by the covering of boulder clay. but the same are to be seen in good section on the sea coast at Canoe Cove, and to the westward; and there we may study them to great advantage.

Traces of fossil plants are to be found in the rocks about the bar- bour. We have found fragments of ferns of Pecopteris and other genii. traces of ralnmitcs. knnrrin. and many limbs of pine. Near North Point is a bed filled with casts of stems and branches of what appear In he lAuracarilies grat-ills." ln sonic Il1Slafl('('S the long slender needles still adorn the graceful branchlcts.

not

The thick, fan-shaped leaves of neograthia arc also to be found. and these are interesting. as they probably are the leaves of the great pine trees, Dadoxylon. Trunks of these trees are rare. but small twigs and Icaves are not infre- quent. As the great monarchs, towering their dark forms along the river bank, in dcnscl groves which the axe ncvcr

sweeping tempest. whnlc showers would be dashed into the surging tide. in be borne away and en- Iombed with the gathered wrecks of the sea. The rocks are every- where filled with countless frag- ments of sea-weeds, snd1 among them these few stray loaves of the ancient forest trccs are I treasure to the geologist.

Let us go now down for a stroll around Blockhouse Point. How the rushing tidc chafes and whirls and foams among the broken masses of rock at the entrance point! The beds hcrc are indur- sled with carbonate of lime which has enahlcd them to rcsisl the action of the waves. while every- thing elsc has given way. A spicu- did growth of seaweed covers the rocks with heavy drapery. The fucus. with its short branching Items and floating bladders, makes I thick brown carpet over the low rocks. Bright green-tape-weed covers the sheltered muddy hol- lows. Heavy masses of cords- fillum. many feel 'in length, stream in the tide: anchored to I single shell or pebble mnnv colored 39")?! of csrageen grow on the deep rocks. There are cornlllns. loo. fairy forms of the rice". like miniature fnrenls. carved in Ivory, Here is I serliilarin. a man in length. with spirally arranged brnnchlels, covered with pollpe cups. that each bear a hrlorht-hired norol flower. Tuburlnrln. too. with clear. hornv stems, and llv ng. plnky blossoms.

O O 0

See. here is I curious fleshy adhering to I deep recess rock. What I shcpeless. un- ll. but take Ind

and. la! n of brilliant

dcpleted. , swayed before the weight of the I

Wc can observe dis- ' tinctly, too. how the firm beds of p 1 gems

crowd on the sides of the rocks; and the pure white valves of the pelracola may be found burrowed deep in its mass. These shells love the rocks and the wild stormy exposed sil- nations.

There are tiny ones too; lovely in their minuteness. The slipper limpet. with its polished, variegated surface. pearly cyther- in. and a glossy surfaced little burinum. richly shaded. that. were it larger. would be counted a treasure for the cabinet. As we pick up one of these among the wild rocks. where the heavy surf in lashing, we remember Tenny- son's lines:

Small, but a work divine.

Frail. but of force to withstand. Year upon year, the shock

Of cataract seas. that map

The three-decker's caken spine.

We pass along the shore to the westward. over the rocky floor, piled with hugh fragments lumb- lcd from the cliffs. At a short distance from the point there is I large, flat slab of rock uptilt-

. ed. like a sloping table. Across

its upper end there is I broad band. of darker hue than the test of the stone. On examining it care fully. we find that It is lined with a thin coating of carbonate of lime, and that it is marked by I number of longitudinal ribs. and that there is a joint or break in these where one series ends and another begins. In short, it is I section of the stem of I great calamite --- C ' itas glgas - six inches in diameter.

The lime which harden; the structure of some of these beds was supplied, in part at least, by story corals. for we find consid- erable remains of them among the rocks.

0 I 0

Here is a little rocky recess where the waves have gathered their treasures -- pearly shells. bright sea-weeds. glittering peb- bles. Among them we find I brown fragment of siliclfied wood. T! was part of the stem of an ancient pine tree -- ldadoxylon materia- rium'. We can see on it the anni- ar rings, the numerous medullary rays. and perhaps, the great cen- tral pith. Under the microscope every tissue. and fibre, and vessel, is seen as perfectly as in wood from a living tree. And now we know that the pine trees of the Palaeozolc were as perfect in every adaptation for strength and protection, and growth and repro- rluclion, as the dark-follnged mon- archs of our own forests. They hear the same evidence of wis- dom and intelligence and design in their structure. and tell of the hand of the eternal architect In the past eternity the same as In the present.

We proceed along the rocky share. it is a tiresome scramble: but how delightful! The great bosom of the bay spreads its blue to the horizon. fresh. gleaming resplendent. The measu ed swell of the waves. bursts its foam as fresh from the sea. The kerlew walls along the shore. and the pawl! skim: the silver border of the tide. While shells glintou on the sand. or pearly ones mingle their rays with the bursting folm, while overhead. the towering rod cliff rises its maleslic front to meet the Itch of the summer sky, I single leaf from the mlghtv stole volume in which is recorded the history of the past.

Auto Safety Bolts"

II. The pclornnoo took Isa (;.,,b,.,,dM.n bouoddodtouootowliafwac safety seat belts for Iutomobilu --'"-':."""""""'"” Iretobenvsllnble IscplloIIle- nuo.'wmiunanuu.p.u. wtpmentliiuienoltoo stunt that pulsed-uncut.- .future. These appliances. for Qlld IMHO manhun- vun. have saved the lives of nut if 3... .. racing and stating drivers. A for Uni nae I1 (In In motorists in the Toronto area have "dubs ballot on u lioiithemlastalledlnilietr family Enoeaslblond nun, IItcI.'l'heysi-onvnlusblodevlee Ilowoftbonnluy ;llf they ate used. But how may 0!! vers c- gen III hid: it to buckle belts across me In waislo in sweltering woofborf Hot for many WOIIIQ are to him allot: ate the Ivrldlcllss their .3 Que addfflgn to the moderate le:cI- IIWH

Foolish About Honors

(St. John's. Nfld.. News)

A little while ago two Canadians who had given distinguished ser- vice to foreign countries were de- nied the right to accept the de- corations which the governments of these countries had awarded them.

How silly is this by comparison with the much broader altitude of the United States.

Canadian newspapers car- ried piclures showing the present- ation by the British Ambassador to four prominent American gen- erals of memberships in the Ord- ers of the Bath and the British Empire. Nobody in the United States seemed to think there was anything wrong with distinguished Americans receiving' honors from the Queen.

As a matter of fact. President Eisenhower is I Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath and is therefore the ossesso of I British title.

Is Canada trying to be more re- publican than the United States? What kind of nonsense is it that causes Prime Minister St. Laurent to look "around for weasel words to describe the National Anthem? What equal nonsense is it that de- nies Canadians the right to honor that foreign countries wish to do them?

We can see why Canada gave up titles. Political claims were such that too many of the wrong people were likely to end up with knight- hoods and even peerages. But there is no reason at all why Can- adians should not accept honors awarded by the Queen or by for- eign countries. and there is very good reason why Canada should set up her own distinguished ser- vice medal to be awarded to citizens who have served her welL

Early Movie Days

(Kansas City Star)

A small group of men. women and children sat in I dark little room in Pittsburgh and stored If flickering images on I muslin sheet stretched across the wall. The date was June 19. 1905, and this was one of the first. if not the very first. movie theatres for sealed audiences. There were 96 folding chairs.

It was called I Nickeiod I combination of the Greek designation for I theatre and the American word for a coin of more value then than now. The only sound in the stuffy room wag the click-clack of I projection machine. The chairs were I unique feature. It was cus mary in the early day! of the w enterprise for audiences to sit on hard wood- on boards laid across treaties.

The venture was of so doubt. ful I nature that the most op- timistic renters of vacant store- rooms did not seek long leases. They were certain the novelty would wear off soon. This belief was shared even by' Thoma. A, Edi-Ion. whose genius had shown the way. He had already an-Md

s.

I 42-year-old Englishman, set up 14 cameras along the side

39. 5 O I E 3 Q: E 3 o to 5 a Ir

I " Medically

Speaking Iy llerninn N. llnndesen. M. D. TREATING HEAT VICTIMS

One of the most serious sum- mer bazzards is heat strain or sun stroke.

Overexeiilon on hot, muggy days. particularly if you are not accustomed either to heat or ac- tivity. generally is the cause. If your body is deficient in salt, that probably is a contributing factor. Your body builds up more heat than can be regulated properly by elapse info a coma.

Symptoms generally come on suddenly. Your skin will be hot. d.ry and flushed. You will feel weak. nauseous, dizzy You'll pro- bably have a headache and may- be a pain over your heart or in your stomach. Patients frequently lapse into I coma.

Your face is congested. your veins are swollen and your arter- ies throbbing. Your breathing probably will sound like you are sunring. Most important. though. is the temperature. Usually it will rise above 105 (icgrcss.

ACUTE EMERGENCY

Heat stroke is an acute emer- gency. Summon a doctor at once. If untreated. it may soon prove fatal.

Place the patient in the cool- est place possible. An ideal spot would be an air-conditioned room with low humidity and a temper-

ature of 65 degrees. Remove his clothing.

If Ihc rcctal lcmpcraturc ls Ibove lt)5. place him in a tub of 80-degree water. Gradually add Ice. Rub him vigorously to pro-

mote circulation and to bring the hot blood to the surface of the body where it can be cooled. Check the rcctal lcmperature every fivc minutes Rcmove him from the bath whcn the temper- ature has fnllcn to 102 degrees.

Ordinarily. you shouldn't con- tinue this bath for more than 20 to 40 minutes. But you can rcpcat if after two or thrce hours if the temperature rises.

If the rectal tcnipcrnlurc Is be- low 105. sponcc him with cold water and fan him continuously. An electric fan probably is best.