THE (IHARLU'I"I'E'I‘U'WN GUARDIAN

PAGE NINE;

FOR FARMERS. STOCK BREEDERS and GARDENERS

1i

{ix-r

Livestock Markets

SUMMARY

OTTAWA. August l8. —'I'here was a general upturn in cattle prices on practically all markets this week with the exception of Tortmlo, where the trade was dull ‘ll-spite a moderate supply. Prices ,1 Toronto were down 25c on “mighty steers and about steady on other killers. At Mzntreal and in the West, prices were anywhere [will 25s tn as much as 50c above gm previous week's level. In ad- dition to the improved tnarket on killing cattle. slackers and feeders also shared ‘in a broader outlet. Orders were pleniifuland provid- 9d more competition for suitable graflPS of replacement cattle. It is felt in some quarters that the up- turn to prices this week is likely to aczract more liberal supplies. es- pecially in the West, but it 1s doubtful if the trade can main-

tain its present‘ strength under increased deliveries. Further well fFillt-Vfil we." arc necessary’

to sitsraiti the recovery made dur- ing the current trading session.

Cattle Prices

The top price on weighty steers at Toronto was $7.35 for a choice lcatl. but ofhrrs wrre selling most- ly from $7.25 dawn, with good bilteher steers and heifers at $6 to $8.25 and a few light oteers uu to $11 40. lifonireal sold good steers mostly between $6 50 and $7.25 end had n load of choice lieavies at the week's top oi $7 75. Very iow fat cattle are making their appearance at Winnipeg and the crop of grain-fed material is ab- prucnilti nearly exhausted. The b". tir and of the steers sold at S7 iTlil up to $7.25. while gcod grass killers were at $6 50. The advance a: Winnipeg applied to most kil- lint! classes and amounted to 25c to f with slaughter the-stock 11lli‘5'\f‘!‘ll1!1 the most strength. Cul- garv was up 25c on good cows and sea/iv on other classes with the too of the steer market it. so so There was no material change shovm at Edmonton although the trade was brisk up to a. high price of $5.50. Prince Albert. had no good butcher steers but was 25c hicher on the best of the cattel of- fered up to $4.25. Moose Jaw was generally 25c firmer and sold good grass steers up to $5. Regina was generally 25c up and in spots as much as 50o better than last week with a high of $5.50. while Sask- atsmn had an odd good steer up to

The United States Mnrket

Buffalo had no Canadians but iwas 50c to 75c lower on fed na- tive steers. The top of $11 was paid. while good to choice fed steers generally went between $10 and $10.55. Grass cattle were steady to 25c lower selling from $8 5O down. Canadian calves main- tained last week's levels, selling from $11 down. Recent quotations from St. Paul are good Canadian steers 59 5 grass cows and heif- gs $5.75 to $6.75, and bulls $5 t0

' 75.

Exports to the United States during the week totalled 1,055 beef cattle, 197 dairy. and 614 calves, making the total to date this year 31.272 beef, 6.610 dairy, 34.013 cal- ves. and 95 hogs. compared with 139.690 beef- cattle, 7.852 dairy, 7'1.- 930 calves, and 56.519 hogs in the lflllle period last year.

Prices Lower In Britain

Canadian cattle from the 8.5. Manchester Regiment met a slow trade at Birkenhead and ranged in price between 14 l-2c and 15c dressed weight including offal. Trade for both int and store cat- iie has been easier of lute but good clnii-y cows continue firm. Glasgow l‘..\d no Canadians on offer but estimated good Canadian feeders a 9c per pound alive, and bulls

While thcrc were no exports to Grrut Britain during the current iirr-lc. the S. S. Sulniria carried 37f» cattle out of Motitrenl for (illlxflfllv last Friday. August 12th 'l'<ital expert over e s to dale this 13-11‘ amount, to 25.213. while in the saute period last year shipments trialled 6.'.‘00.

Call‘ lilarket Higher

l‘: ~'.~ advanws were gener-al..in. iliti c-alfunarket and tl1e"_trade_in_-

Well Drilling

"B11851! 51-10116. Toronto advanced a full 50c to sell choice veals at $9 to $950 with occasional tops at $10. Montreal was mostly steady 11D to a top price of $8, while Win. nlpeg advanced sharply to sell choice veals up to a high of $7.50. Other centres were firm with Cal. gory. Edmonton, and Moose Jaw 10Pl11hg at $6, Prince Albert $5.25, Saskatoon $6.50 and Regina $6.25.

Hog Prices Generally Stronger

The Toronto hog market opened steady and firm to a range of $10 to $1015 but the close was lower at $9.50 for off truck bafifyffi, Montreal was mostly on a basis of $10 for bacons f. 8a w.. with a few as low at $9 '75 and off truck l bacons up to $10.25. Improvement g was shown on Western Markets. iWinnipeg closing at $1050 for lbacons f, 6t w., compared with

$9.75 last week, while Calgary ad-

va need to $10 for baccns c-ff trucks. Closing prices at other centres were higher. trucked

Saskatoon. Lamb Prices

Toronto latnbs dropped 50c. good ewes and wethers selling at $8.50. while Montreal was unchanged at $8, Winnipeg carried good strength 11D to a top of $7.75. and Calgary sold good lam-bs at $6 to $6 25. Edmonton was unchanged up to $6 50. The high at Prince Albert was $6.25, and at Moose Jaw. Saskatoon, and Regina $6.50.

CATTLE MARKETS

TORONTO sold 5.542 cattle on 8 dull market with prices down 25s on weighty steers and about steady on other killers. weighty steers topped at $7.35. with other from $7.25 clown to $5. Good but- ‘cher steers and heifers made $6 to $6 25 with a few lights up to $6.40 and common downward to $3.75. Cows were steady at S3 to $4 25 for butchers and $2 to $2.75 for canners and cutters. Fed calves were also steady at $7 to $9 50 ac- cording to quality. Stockers sold fairly actively, common to medium making $3.75 to $5 and a few good feeders. averaging around 900 pounds. up to $5 50. Milkers and springers steady at about $65 for tested tops. There were no cattle exported from Toronto either to Great Britain or the United Stat- es.

MONTREAL weighed up 1,490 cattle on the two markets. Trad- ing was fairly active at higher prices, with butcher cows making the most gains and ln-between grades of steers the slowest sellers. The cattle offering contained 55 per cent of steers. Good steers brought $6.25 to $7.50. one choice load $7.75, mediums $5 to $6. and ed from $3 50 to $5.50, good bui- common $4 to $4.75. Heifers rang-~ cher cows $4 25 to $4.60, other down to $3. and canpers and cut- ters $1.75 to $2.85. Bulls made

to

CALF MARKET

TORONTO calf market opened active and fully 50c higher, choice veals at $9 to $9 50 and some tops $10. Common veals sold $4 75

MONTREAL calf prices remain- ed steady on veals but gressers and common calves were easier. Tops brought $8, medium good to gocd $7.50 to $7.75 and others down to $5. Grassers ranged from $3 to $4.25.

n00 MARKETS

The Dominion hog run for the week was 35,823 head, compared with 51,041 in the same week last year. Totals to date this year 1,- 965340. last year 2,456,494.

TORONTO hogs opened steady at $10 for trucked bncoris, ad- vanced to $10 to $10 15 but closed lower at $9.50. with a few long hauls a little higher.

MONTREAL bacons sold at $10 f. 8: w., with a few as low as $9.75 Trucked baoons were up to $10.25. Rail grades made $13.75 i0 $14.

SHEEP AND LAMB MARKETS TORONTO lamb prices dropped 50c. despite moderate receipts, good ewes and wefhers selling at. 53,50, bucks $750, culls $6.50 to $7 One car of Alberta lambs sold "ttfkiilersinrt-o’? Fifi-Sheet") steady at $2 to $4 MONTREAL lambs tinchaimcd. gccd $8. bucks discounted S1 mid culls up to $2. $11991) 801d 1mm $2 to $4. .

._____..____i_

bacons making $9 50 at Edmouiozn, $10.25 at Prince Albert, $10.35 at.

. . n NECK RIBBON Communicate with B11000" wil___

Trask Well 00., Ltd.

Vaughan H. Groom,

Ornamental diamond and ruby roses are wrirn for day or evening. on the lapel of the cont or at the throat in a black velvet ribbon worn round the heck and tied in a bow at the. hack which is one of

Summerside fashions latest notes to accord with the new uplifted hair-dres- Manager for P. E. Island sing.

*' . ___ _, ._._ .l<____.... _ _ .

LIME

In accordance with the P. E. I. Department of Agriculture policy of assisting Island farmers to ob- tain Cround Limestone at low price. We are now PW‘ pared u. ship lime in carlots of thirty (30) 10115 "l" more to all Island points at two dollars and eight)’ cents ($2.80) per ton delivered in bulk and three dollars and fifty-five cents ($3.55) per ton delivered in bags.

These prices are in that until Dee. 31st, ions. Brooltville Manufacturing 00., Ltd. Brookville, Si. John Count)’, N- 11~ u. c. s. spams. MANAGER.

- NEWSY

NOTES - A

B! AGBIOOl-A

MERCURY. THE PERFECT DE TONATOB

Mercury, so important in ther. mometric devices, to say nothing of its application in the an; and in medicine. ls doubly important in war. Nothing can take the place of tnercuric fulminate as a detonatpr for bombs and shells. This fulminate, it may be re- marked. 1s obtained as a. white Drecipitate when mercury is treat- ed with niiric acid, ancl alcohol is added to the solution.

fiery scholar in my old school... 1 refer to my own school days - knew that quicksilver, a5 it was called. ‘was obtained from Almaden ill Spam. and in Austria, and to a laser extent in California. The native mercury ls mined as cinna. liar. a crystalline substance of a beautiful reddish c0101‘. which is known to be mercuric sulphide. 1 Fhe qu.ck=llvei- is easily released ‘ from the cinnabar by roasting

If ucueral Franco can over-run the rich mineral district oi Al- maden. Italy will have the first call on and very probably a mum. urly of the Spanish quicksilver mines: and as Germany has annexed the Austrian mines. these two tiations are almost in a key licsition in Eurspe. Statesmen may -de1ucle themselves into a belief in l Germany's friendliness, but all 1191' lWtpui-at-ions are in the long run ninvd at the British Empire. The situation in some respects re- semblc the struggle betwieen the great commercial empire of Garth- age and the rising power of Roma At the end of the third Punic War. 931111020 was taken and her em- pire overthrown.

MERMAID LAKE

Through the kindness of Dr. W. L. Holman, of Toronto University. I was enabled to visit the lake at Mermaid. a few days ago. our road 12d to the North-east margin of the lake, which was a kind of shingle-covered beach. evidently Produced by a lowering of the sur- face of the water. This strip is rapidly being covered with cran- berry plants which take to the situation quit-e naturally: and it seems likely that there is a com- mercial possibility in the fact. The lake itself was studded with the flowers of the little Yellow Water- iily. Nymphaes advena Alt. As the sinus of the leaves was closed. and the flower had a (partly) purple tinge. it is evidently the variety "variegata" of Professor Fernald. It has two other popular names at least; the Cow Lily. and the Spotter-dock.

On the outer margin. among the grass, we came across several

patches of the Pitcher Plant. well kr "I11 over, all the world (in botanical circles) for its "in-

sectivorotas“ haibits. Its leaves have developed an upright, or at least, ascending. pitcher-shaped form, and as Gray remarks. are usually half full oi water anddrowned in- sects. The flower is as odd as the leaves. A species of Cotton Grass with reddish bristles was a rather attractive feature of the scenery at this side of the lake.

Taking to the highway again. we worked our way round to the South-western side of the lake, and at this point we thank Mr. J. MacEachern for permitting us to trespass over his fields in order to do so. 1t was now evident why the surface of the lake had been low- ered: rt deep drain had been cut. by which a large and valuable area. of solid peat had been drained and made avallab‘e. Part had already been cut, and taken away, exposing the white sandy floor usually found under peat-bogs. A double line of posts marked the path over the

at to the lake. The vegetation ierc was that common to peat- bogs. sundcw, rhododendron, and so forth. An interesting find was a deciduous member of the Holly family (Neinopanthus mucronata) whose berries. growing singly in the lcrif-axlls, have very long thread- like staiks

Sad to say we did not see any signs of the Utricularia. n water- plant which we'were trailin : we should have tried the Nort -west corner of the lake, I find.

We called at the Orphanage at Mount Herbert. but as it happened. all the cider children were at the Exhibition, under the charge of the Superintendent. Miss Beer. We were conducted through the build- ing by one of the staff, and the visitors were delighted with the order and iidiness of everything.

unrtnnvrv mn Mcunnrrs

WORK. ll)

"Do men gather grapes of thorns. or figs cf ihisiles?" 1n i118 HIISWBY t.o that question we can find the principles of the science o! We mint. admit that only thcrt are produced by thorns. 811d flint tlilrvtles remain ihistlrs after their kind. In the matter of des- cent. “everybody; allows that cab- bages are descended from cabbages and not frcm winter-melons." I is

of metal or moral characters that sclcrlcc is rlisaopointlngy silent. some "proriictf" people have in- deed gone so far as so to the writer that there is no sc ance of heredity at all; that about heredity we know nothing. ~

This is not strictly true. for a beginning has been made. 8M1 there is reason to think that the science of heredity will make de- finite strides towards becoming a! revoluntlonary- He have physics or chetnistry

The Abbe Mendel. who has been called the "Darwin of heredity." was the abbot of Brunn. a little Austrian town. some seventy miles north-west of Vienna. He died in 1084. in his sixty-second year, but his nnme and work were not gen- erally known fill six years later. when Proirssor de Vries broadcast them to the world. His theories. known in tribute to hLs life-work as "ofentie ism," have undergone some modification since de Vries flun- but isms a commifni ""1101 "their essential validity holds good." Mendel concerned himself main- with garden peas. because with

1. 1mm trouhlqhnnouldnntftwo

when we come to the inheritance.

"generations" a year, a great; m. varrmce in the study of heredity. A few years ago interesting experi- ments in breeding domestic fowl under the Mendelian rules. Let us fir; how these rules apply to peo-

Science has followed up two heritable human characteristics: the color of the eye and the texture of the hair. Eyes may be brown or blue, the latter description com- endlously covering those of dark 1119, light blue, gray or green hues. The hair may be straight 0r curly. With reeard to color of eyes it is known tliat a pair of brown-eyed parents may have a blue-eyed child. but a pair of blue-eyed par- ents cannot. have a brown-eyed child! Again, if one parent is brown-eyed, and the other blue- eyed, the child may be brown- eyed or blue-eyed. The Mendelian

laws show why thee-e happenings‘

are possible

In any two tive characteristics, there is one that invariably

inherited alterna-

(and

necessarily) takes precedence over the other; as when brown eyes take precedence over blue. and

curly hair over straight. So we say brown is “dominant!” and blue is "recessive"; curly hair is domin- ant and straight hair recessive.

Just at this point we are oblig- ed to use a kind of cypher. Con- sider a man who has inherited brown eyes from both parents: we may call him therefore B. B. Now no matter whom B B mar- ries he will transmit to his child- ren the brown-eye characteristic. “B? Suppose B B marries a. B B woman. both will transmit "B." and the child will obviously be oi B B type. A very simple conclus- ion.

But suppose the man of B B type marries a woman who has inherited blue eyes from both par- ents and who can be designated as “ b b." Their child inherits brown eyes from one parent and blue eyes from the other! So in our cypher that child is a "Bb." That doesn't mean that the child has one brown eye and one blue; nor even that the eyes are a color- mixture of brown and blue. There is no doubt whatever that. both characteristics are definitely trans- mitted, and neither is lost. But 1197.11.59 brown is dominant, the "Eb" child has brown eyes —nev- er blue. (I hope to conclude this article in next week's Notes.)

ODDS AND ENDS

The Milk Board Controversy. The arguments so far presented are from the standpoint of the consumer; we have yet to hear from the producer. If. as is assert- ed. there are farmers who are only getting a couple oi’ cents per quart for their milk. it is time they made themselves heard!

An omission rectified. In last week's list of those who have con- tributed “new plants" lo our flora durlngdhe year. I regret that I omitted the name of Mr. Sterling Campbell, of Carrlptelrs Mills, New Glasgow, who made a. notable addition of six previously unlist- ed species.

The Milky Way is again becom- ing visible with the advent of the darker nights. I note that a writer in a farm paper is dissatisfied with that name for it, which how- ever is merely an English trans- lation of its ancient title of the “Gi-llflxy." The old Greek view rac- cording to the Astronomer Royal.) was that the Milky Way arose from a few drops of milk which the in- fant Hercules let fall from the bosom of Juno. Longfellow quotes another primitive belief. that of the wrinkled old nnlrse Nokomls:

"Many things Nokomis taught

him.

Showed the broad white road to heaven,

Pathway of the ghosts. the shadows,

Running straight ncrrsa the heavens."

Like a Millstone. When Herschel turned his telescope on the Mi y Way he found that “the glorious multitude of stars of all possible sizes that presented thcitisavvris here to my vie-iv was truly aston- ishing." His investigations led him to the conclusion that “these stars are grouped in space in the form of a flattened disx: like a mill- stonc." He also believed that our sun was somewhere itear the cen- tre of this group. When we look up at the Milky \llay,....\ve.arc looking through the group to its furthest limits: right lhrotigh the hub to the rim.

Music in the Schools. I enjoy looking "Through the Looking- glassz“ it is always gocd reading. but it excelled itself last week in its plea for music in the schools. "Where there's a will there's a way" was quoted. but therelvihc rub: is there n will? We nrc de- liberately ignoring one of the most beneficial elements of an all- round education —beneflcial both physically and mentally. Time and again this subject has been ad- vocated in these Notes, but with- out effect! Perhaps the Women's Institutes may take the matter up. as Mrs. Icarcl suggests. and provide a visiting teacher to give lessons in vocal music. Think what en- Joyment the Kiddies are missingf

The Curved-Tailed Kalydld. "What kind of animal Ls that?" was the question as a curiously- shaped grasshopper awkwardly hopped about the window tran- som. It was a large insect. with its hind wings about 30 mm. loniz. long legs and long antennae. All were of a fine apple green color. I lo:ked up Piers‘ "Orthoptera of Nova Scotia. and found it was Scudderla curvleauda borealls, first described by Rehn and Hebert in the Transactions of the. American Entomological Society. 1914. These Kuiydids are notofitin observed because their brood green wings mimic the leaves a- mong which they hide. The find wu duly recorded in my "insect book." together with date. etc.

Why Coiled B09614- Tbo N11-

said Mendel. ,

DAIRY

TOPICS

._____. Prepared by Provincial Department of Agriculture in Ctr-operation with the Directors of Dfllrymell’: Association.

During the past week, a new

Herd Improvement Association has been formed in conjunction with the Crapaud Creamery.

This Association has fourteen members at present and there are many progressive farmers in the Crupaud area whom we have not called on as yet for their support.

To any patron of the Crapaud Creamery who wishes to have his herd tested, we extend a cordial invitation to him to join this 1-ierd Improvement Association.

Any who are interested, kindly communicate with Mr. Rogerscn at the factory or the Provincial De- bartment of Agriculture.