l i it
._v.>-_,_ _ .g , 14 _ _V .`
. ’ 1 ’~_'\1_-', 2 -
1 I ‘ | V I _ t .` , _.J V _
l . I
_ 3 race Fool
» . . _ _
I ,_ -
* ` _ /\ . - .
~ THE GUARDIAN 1 . ` _ '_ . _ DECEMBER 25,19'f6_
lla llllarlollalnvn Guardian
om. as cimismuwn, amen ‘omeu me sum-
hcathenish diediout. Some time between 337 and 352
'P jul' di d Sa' t C 'l to ascertain the cor-_
ope lus recte H1 yfly rect date. He' reported' .that the western churches ob- served it 011 December 25, although other churches
Hold ' . . . Inorsluo. Atherton. Bourll and Montague. ‘kept the day 111 january, April, lvlay, March and bcp- iiember, Pope jnlius was so satisfied with Saint Cy-
- - _ ril’s report that he set December 25 as Christmas Day,
Monday, December 25th bemg Christina.: Day and
_a statutory holiday, the M omiug Guardian will not be
and our observance of that date has come down to us
1 a e S1011
issitcd on Tuesday. The Evening Guardian will not fm" th tu ci 1 ' _ - be Lrsucd on Monday, but will be publislled as usual _ _ f h . . i f .fé -'D Ch .sb
Monmw, D1:c1-:ximian 25, 1916.
CHRISTMAS 1 9 1 6 _
ll isa fat' cry from that peaceful (`l\|'ist|nas on the
]udca11 plains when the herald angels sang tl1e first great peace song, “Glory to God in tl1e Highest and on earth peace and good will to men," to tl1is Christ- mas Day on thc battlefields of liurope. And yet the song that the angels sang is the song that our armies are singing today to the aeci>mpaniment of thundering
guns, a song of "l’c-ace on earth and good will to
men."
This song has rcverbcrated_through two thousand
years of human history, ofttimcs scarcely distinguish- able amid the fiend shrieks of persecution, amid the fires of nlatyrdoin, in the bloody flood of holy and un- holy wars. lint ever tl1e song triumphed, ever it rose into a iuiglityantlicln to be again muffled by the fiends of discord and selfisllness and hate, and ever in the end rising above them in louder and louder chorus. _V .N.c\;c;._(lid.tl1c angelic promise of peace on earth seem nearer fulfilment than in the opening days of the 'l`wéntieth Centur~,'. L`l1ristianity had spread its \vhite robe over earth`s greatest nations. .»\rt, science, lit- erature, commerce, industry and everything that makes for Liv-ilization were i11 tl1e asce1:danl'. Prosperity and progri ss were- written large on every human endea- vour. lint the fiends, this time in thc garb of angels, l1ad begun their song. lt came from the sotircc of our culture, from tl1/_‘sc whom wc l1ad taken as our mas- ters i11 song and philosophy and art and science, and we listened; listened till their song dominated the cho- rus, till the' song of the angels was no longer discer- nible. 'l`hcn, when almost too late we recognized thc fiend voices; we realized that either the angel’s pro- mise of peace on earth or the fiend gospel _of might and the dcification of \'.'ar must triumph. .\nd \\'c made our decision.
The promise of two tl1o11s:md'yca1's ago shall be
fulfilled. There shall be peace on earth; there shall lic good will among men and among nations; and as llc whom th_e_ augcl_chorstcrs heralded as tl1c l’1'i1icc of l’cacc :uhicved his triumph through sacrifice, so shall tl1e world's peace be achieved. Millions of men are today enduring the hardships and hogrors of' \var, are laying down their lives in order that there shall be peace, that the \veakcr nations shall not be oppressed, that justice and not might shall rule l.hc world,
As looking backward over thc ages \vc see each
darker period succeeded by a brighter tomorrow, so we may look with confidence through tl1e clouds that today are casting their shadow over our land and over o\1r homes _to a brigliler morning. lirom the midst of those shadows may we not with sincerity, with proud sorrow for"tl1e fallen and sympathy with those who mourn wish our readers, one and all, a happy Christ- mas. -
The question is often asked why we celebrate the
bi`rth of Clirist on l)cccmber 25th. Nobody knows to
I *ta certaiiity the exact date of the nativity, suffice it to
say that -this date has been agreed upon by, the (fllristian world as a fitting day on which to commem- orate themost important event i11 the history' of Lfliristiandoni- and ofthe \vorld. Neither is it definite- ly .l<11_pyvu_~b_y'_gwllat. peoples or sects thisdatc was ob- served as much of the history surroundingiit is traidi-._ tion. 'l`he first certain traces of its observance are found about the time of thc limperor Commodus, A. D., 180 to 192. ln the reign of Diocletian, A. D., 284 -305, while that rulcr was keeping court at Nicome- dia, he learned that a multitude of Christians were as- sembled in the city to celebrate the birthday of Jesus, and having ordered the church doorls to be closed he had the btrilding set on fire and all the worshippers perished in; theflames. It does not appear however that there was any uniformity i11 the period of obser- ving the nativity among the early churches; some held the festi_val in May or April, others in january. After the triumph of (,`hristianityt._the prejudice of the early
Christians against the celebration of birthdays as
'Z' :J . - _
, - '_ I
| ltalian legend which says that many years ago good old
St. Nicholas of Padua used to throw knitted purses with money in them in at the windows of the poort' 'l`h_cse` knitted purses were not unlike a stocking with- ont a"§_fo'ot and later became. -the`\ custom of the people to hang this knitted ,sacldjttst inside the win-_` dow. that St. Nicholas might put something in as he passed. \Vhen these purses went out of use the stock- ings \vere‘substituted. In the northern part of Italy it was a little too chilly to leave the windows open and tl1e stockings werehung by the mantel piecc so that they might be filled from the cI1i1_nney.
--.-><><---_
A FORECAST OF TERMS I
The Vossische Zeitung of Berlin is a conservative,
responsible newspaper, and, according to report, in confidential relations with the German Government. Therefore, its st:1lc111ei1t of Germauy’s peace terms is interesting, even if it be regarded as unauthorized. From this statement we learn `that`Ge'rmany will in- sist upon an independent Poland, erected; of course, at l{11ssia's expense, while the Poles of Prussia and the l’oles of .'\ustria ren'\ain`"`t1ii'der`th'<: domination to which the partition of 1795 consigned them. The Po- land salient will constitute a formidable buffer state for the protection of Germany and Austria against Russia, but assurance must be made doubly sure, and so Lithuania will be given to Prussia and Courland erected into a German federal state. Thus, the Rus- sian \vcdgc penetrating ‘deep into the territory of the Teutonic allies will be wiped- out and Germany _and Austria-l~lungary will have a new barrier against Russia, one which would effectively prevent co-opera- tion i11 any future emergency between Russia and het ally, France. 111 return for the large territorial con- cessions wrung from Russia tl1e latter is to be gra- ciously compcnsatcd by the gift of Moldavia, takctr from a disembcred Roumania.
According to the view of the Vossische Zeitung.
Roumania must cease to exist. The treaty of peace is to complete the work begun by Mackenscn and Fal- kenhayn. The Dobrudja goes back to Bulgaria, which is' alrsojo receive half of VVallachia, the other half going toy.-'\ustria-llungary. Nothing issaid regarding llc-lgium or Serbia. No mention is made of Turkey, which has endured much in tl1e interest of the Central League, and naturally there is never a hint that Ger- many wotild surrender a square foot of territory in Alsace-Lorraine. \\"c may assume, however, that the restoration of Belgium and the restoration, in whole or in part, of Serbia will be offered as a price for the re- turn'of the German colonies. ‘
Whether or not the Vossische Zeitung correctly
forecasts the German terms, itsstatemcnt of them har- tlioniies admirably with'the tone of the Chaneellor’s noté to the neutral Powers. They are the terms of a victor, supremely confident of imposing his will upon his enemies. Their acceptance wouldestablish not a peace but a truce; not a reasonable balance of power, but a German preponderance, from which Europe could free itself only by.a new appeal to`the sword. Does Germany expect that' such an attitude will pro- duce the conference for which shc professcs to be`not only ready but eager?
' - --><»<---- ....-
~ NOTES I
. _ .,,. ,t, . .Ai 1 I
The appointment of Prof. Creelman as Connnis-
sioner of Agriculture is a thoroughly sound step. The placing of experts of large administrative capacity in technical posts such as the Agricultural Ministry is bound to produce good results. More ofiiciency and less partisanship is the continuous trend of the times,
`Tl1c"I_{aiser is likely to find his great democratic
opponent, the new British Premier, as nimbleliin play of wits, so far as peace negotiations go, as he is ,strong in action. If personality dominates, the Kaiser
match. - l »
W ll
ll '~What Mr. tWi1i;to‘n
' Churchill Said. ‘C
_ "If ~I- had my way I wo'uld write over the door of every cotta ge and
pf every public man, because I 1ces~that are lnconceivably against catastrophies which
forevenoflgl is our
mere‘y uman ness.
at .which .follows...when btiexirbfnner, the frail boat in family are embarked founders, are left to struggle helplessly on less §vo_rld.’Y _ V _ .
'to'youandyour'¢.~--~f t ' ' ‘ -'
*xt* 'ict-aptly, ‘fraud
IIIUIIUIP-.li
v mi ft me t every
ment and afoiililnf beegihid-ofisdltiiizpmrifuillteey to be
i nnlvmo oN.
,_Drlv,lng on! Drlvlng ou! tn the dark-
Th glllieshang the dawn,
rou e evasted coun ‘ 01° hidden dzsoun “em Over crater. tremch, and wlre, thru.
ugh the village wood md mlre,
In the face of hlgh explosives and the
daaldy shrapnel are
OH TI-IE SOLDIERS OF THE KING
ARE DRIVING ON.
C811 '
Driving on! Drlvlng ont with their British pluck and br\w.n‘ Though the devil guns may rattle and ,_ the khaki lines groyr tw, Then they meet. them ln the field,
hand to hand with bttter steel See the gray clad Hun babtqlfons lxr
'Iholr dire confusion reel,
FOR THE SOLDIERS OF TI-IE KING
x _ARE DRIVING ON.
Drlvlng on! on! In the dork-
and
`and von Hindenburg would seem to have met their.
.. » HIIIE AIIIIOUIICEIAENT --r'
Slr.-The Fire Underwriters desire
to correct the false impression that has Bot abroad that the recent Increase of abroad that the recent increase QI 15 per eent.‘o1'1 lnatirance rates was imposed on the City of Charlottetown
,tp pay for the Summerslde conflagra-
on. -
| The locals that appeared ln the “Pa- .trlo_t" and "Guardian" newspapers on the 18th and 19th lust., stating 'that "owing to the Summerslde couflagra- tion Underwriters were Increasing rates 15 per cent was not inserted or authorized by the llmlerwrlters.
,. Tho fact of the mutter ls that in
.ln.\1uary. 1915 11 movement was made by the Head Offices, on account of se- rious losses, to increase the rates in the Mnrftllne Provinces. As soon as the Island Agents got word of’ this inovexueut. they put 11p u fight with the result that, while rates ln New Bunswick and Nova Scotia were In- creased, the Island succeeded ln es- _caping that Increase, notwithstanding there had been cc-nsiderable complaint for several years past of the very high taxation imposed by the Local Government and Towns on Insurance Companies here. The City of Chur- lottetown not loni.: ago increased the taxes on Fire lnsurnlice Companies 50 per cent.; quite recently the. Pro- vincial Government increased their taxes 33 1-3 per cent. In addition to the above taxes, these Con1panies't1re taxed 1 per cent. on Income and 25 per cent. on Profits by the Dominion Goveijnment. _ Taxes have become such a hurde11 that Insurance Compa- nies, liko.Bar1ks, Railroads and every other (‘.c»rporatio11 aml Merchant, have been obliged to look to the public to recoup themselves. _
The question of readjustment of
rates was taken up before any fire oc- curred in Sumerside, and is by no means confined to Prince Etlward ls- land. During the week ending De- cember 9th. at a Meeting of The Canu- dlan Fire Uxitlerwrlters Association held l11 Toronto, it was decided to add the Dominion, Provincial and Munici- pal taxes to the ra‘tes. There ls nothing unpatrlotic ln doing this, as the Go- vernment (both Dominion and Pro~ vlncial) look tothe Companies ‘simp- ly as a convenient mode of collecting revenue. b\1t fully recognize the Com- panies’ rights to indemnify themselves by Increasing the price of the insur- ance sold. The Minister ot' Finance when speaking of taxation said: “You have the remedy in your own hands." The Superintendent ,of lnsuriiuce has stated: “We expect you will increase your rates." All other Corporations. who like Insurance Companies act simply as Collectors for the Govern- ment, recover the amount which they collect.
The Agents of the Prince Edward
island Fire Board. on whom p1'e'ss11re was being brought to increase the rates knowing they could not expect t_o_eseape__wl1en. the taxation here in comparison to the volume ot' business ls from eight to tcp times higher than ln arfy other Province, agreed to raise the rates. When the Smnnlerslde eonflagratlon.oecur1‘e1l. the l’. E. l. Board decided that in the best inter- ests of the Island pollcyholtlers the only thing to do was to accept the inevitable and put the extra-rate in Force to cover the Dominion and Pro- vlnctal__ taxation. To meet those taxes and Losses as well as the sever- al serlc-us confiagratloiis, the rates in these taxes and losses the rates lu some o-I the other P ovliipeis last year were increased gs high ns 30 per cent.
It is considered most unfair to tho
Underwritr-;1°s that expression ot' opi- nion should have been glvon by mer- chants and others who were not in possession ot the facts ou which to base their arguments. ‘
As regards Insurance Companies
being unpatrlotle we have the honor to assert that there are no larger nor more ready subscribers to the War Loans than the Insurance Companies.
Rates generally in Prince Edward
Island are lower than ln the c-ther Provinces, even ln the case of farm
_..,.~.._..~--..._.~...._-_.__ _ /~.,...,.,.-_.~v~
mH DIILY SELECTIOHS, FOR GUARDIAN READERS
' »---rs
,
Furnllnod by
» W. I. Louool. f A
' *O¥H
‘ ON CHRISTMAS DAV
W¢;see Jesus ln the manger. We ad-
ore him; we worship hlm; we glorify him. We' standoppret-need beforesuoh love-a love stronger than death-a love`so strong that it did dle that we might live. We thank Thee for the swe‘etneas'~of human ilove. but h0W could we ever have dared tn think that such love was ln the heart of God for us! We look on nature and see thy biauty and thy imajeeity, but we are afrald, for we have alnned.And then we learn that thou hast sent thy Son, to be borne’ of our bone, flesh of our flesh; and before such inconceivable love we can only worship and adore. We are so weary of our failures and our slow growth toward Thee. Cleanse ue deeply from sln, strengthen our
nil 6 `
mo purp ses.
The' kindness of Chrlstmaa _la the
kindness of Christ. To know that God no loved us, how can we' help _\0Yll\'l
man’ affection to tts highest tide on the day of that Brother'n birth. 'If.God so loved ua, how can we_halp loving one uiother f
‘ IAIOOQK
` ‘ .
our desrest'_Brof.her, ha§.br0l13hl.' hui'
'l"l\'I»'l‘C'l'§-'l*f§§ *‘f'l"f1"ff'l’ 'l»'l-'\'4='l'4-4Hl~'l»'l»1I'0'l»'l»'0I\|"l'O‘l»
Q5” 5-* ~ ,1 _
S-tgfg
°-so E."-
xi-+-I-+-1-1-I-I-1-'+-1-I-I-1-+-1-1-+-r-I-I-l-l-I-I-I-I-l»~r++-l-+-l~+-l-l-l-I-I-1-I-I-I-‘-1-I-l»_4-4-r-I-1|-I-|-'I-l»-I-l»-l»+-I-l-I»fl»
-I-I-I-1-+-I-+4-+-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-t-I-|-I-I-1-I-I-I-I-+-I-I-r-|-|-I-|-I-+-H-+-l»4-++-l-sl-+-l~<|-|»-l~+-l»-l»f|»`+-1-l~++-b-I-0+#
sv Q :TO rp m'-5 1-1-N Uft-+
m_
eetings ' _
2
<2
' '_ CORDIAL CHRISTMAS GREETINGS _
To His Honor, Lieutenant Governor MacDonald. The Hon. J. A. Mathie-
n,- Premiery 1-tis Worship, Mayor Brown; Hon. Murdoch MacKinnon_, Com- issioner of Agriculture; to the Hons~ Senators P. C. Murphy, J John _.,Yeo ohn‘_MacLean, Messrs, A. A. McLean, M- P., Donald -Nicholson,__M.P.,#" an If. Hughes',,§lVI’. P., and all the_me_mbers of the Provincial Legislature an hersin authority; as well as to the Clergy, the Press, and .all'1'ny‘ 'fothe ends and acquaintances, and the people generally of Prince Edwardlsland.
I, a citizen of the United.States, now domiciled in this beautiful Island
nder you, on behalf of my great country and I myself, cordial Christm
In this, the third year of the most. momentous and memorable war in
he history of all time, when it would almost appear as if Armageddon liad en reached, it becomes every “white man”-every English-speaking c ti- enof the universe-be he inhurnble circumstances or in_an elevated po`si- ion,-'so far as in his power lies,-to foster and strengthen the relationshi hich ought; to exist between all the- White-skinned races.
Simultaneously with my Christmas Greetings to the people of thi
rovince, I earnestly desire to accentuate th`e significant expre'ssions_of Pre- ident Wils0n’s note of peace, and venture to express the heartfelt hope that re the numbers tell ot another passing yeaff the blood-red cloud of ‘W ill have been reversed, and the snow-white canopy of peace will stand re- ealed to a God-thanking humanity. When that joyful tlme is here, secon nly to the Angels singing of the first Christmas message, I know that m eloved country, the United States of America, will unite with the people f the British Empire and its allies, to cheer the invincible and heroi rmies, or what is left; of them, when they come marching home again. '
“When the blast is over-blown
And the beacon firf-s .shall burn,
And in the streei.
Is the sound of feet.-~
They also shall return. <
When the bells shall rock and ring. ' W-hen the flags shall flutter free, .
_And the choirs shall' sing,
' “God Save the King l”
They shall be there to sec.
1 When that which was lost is found,
When each shall have claimed his kin,
Fear not they shall miss
. Mother’s clasp. 1naiden’s kiss,
For no strange'.soil might hold them in-
When Te Deums seek the skies,
When the organ shakes the dome,
'A dead man shall stand
At each live man’s hand,-
For they also have come home.” i _
~l"I'4~'l'»f~'l--l°°l--l~'l°°l°'l~'l"I°~l'°l°°I~°l~°l°'l'~l°'l"l'°|»'l~'l~'l°'l"I°'l°~I-»l°~l~'l-ll'-I-°l'°!°_'l'°l°'l"l"I'°|°~I"l°'+*'|"l'#'l'\l'°l' °|°'l°°'l~'l"|"l'°l"|"l'-l°'l‘°i',°l°'|"l°-l\'l°'I°'|"l"l'~l°~l-'l"I~'I-°l~°l"l°+~l"l°'l°°l'°l'°|"|'f|'1'°l"l°°l"\"l°~l"l°'|"I'*l"l'l"|"l"l°
FRE unmlindlrins 7 -u++++++¢+o`-so-sir-Hi--i»o+o_++-N-4-ig4+.-boeoooeeeoocoe-5004++~»-oo-be v
~ - - ' een-1-_ooo--oQ04-oo-nw#-|»o.+~|»+++¢~+++¢»-up-0+4--|--|»+-|--u-+90-4-;-o-+o~|»o-\»a»+-sz
~¢
9'-I U2
$9 ‘"1
DR. LEO FRANK,
Charlottetown, P.E.I.
Y
The Fire Ulttlerwriters fully re‘ccg~_
nize the excellent work of the Char-‘ lottetown Firemen, who are often un- der great handicaps. In the case of the St. Dunstan's Cathedral flre, when eight streams of water were used, it was quite evident to all\wh0 were on the scene, that the pressure was not anything like what the citizens had been led to believe, with the result that the water had llttle or no effect on that flre. It was the snow and lee on the roofs of the surrounding wooden blocks that saved the Clty-. It is also well know-n that ln the case of a serious tlre, such as the Cathe- rlml. the entire fire apparatus is put. into operation, and in the event of a second llre breaking out ln another part of the Cfty there ls nothing left with which to combat lt.
Underwriters are also well aware
of the fact that the City of Charlotte- town has no patent tlre alarm system s`ucl1 as ls Installed in almost every town of its size.
Wlth regard to the Chemical E11-
glne recently installed, we beg to any that ln October, 1914 the Board of-Um dei-writers was promised by the City authorities that s. Chemical Engine would he installed, and on the strength ,of that promise the surcharge that had been in effect on Charlottetown rates was omitted from the.new Tn- rlfl' of Rates which went into force ln 1915. It was only during the past jew' weeks that the Chemical Engine was Installed, and ln consequence the bitizens of Charlottetown have reclv- ed the beneflt of the reduction for two years tn advance of what they were 'entitled to.
We would also like to remark that
the City of Charlottetown ls lacking the services of an expert Electrical Inspector, which every up-to-date City eonslders an absolute necessity. Un- .derwrlters are, therefore, of the opi- nlon that the Rate-payers of this Clty _would render good service to the Com- munity by giving very careful const- deratlon to these necessayr matters of protection. ~. \
v ` F -, ff. . I am, Slr, etc. Lg
Anne A. M|uboNA|.o,
Secretary P. E. I. Board’ of Under-
rlsks our rates are 1 per cent. for i three years, while in Nova. Scotia and Western Canada the rate- ls 2 per cent.
Writers . . _
. '"1 I " V'
and Fawn,
FOR the
White
_; .. _ 1 ,_ _Q
‘ O I
for three years. Church -rates in Que- .
_bec and other Provinces are 100 per ‘
cent. higher and Mercantile risks, from 25 per cent. to 50 per cent. high-
er than the are here.
t
' /
Notice Our Neckwear
M; We have the largest display ` ' of Christmas Neckwear in the
I ‘Q I city-bought for your selection.
if ` ' - We guarantee every Tie to be
exclusive, and -that you_ can’t match it in the city. Every Tie a combination ofelegance and good taste. We ‘purchase direct from the best markets.
The Silks are New
The Shapes are New F The Colorings are New
A A) _
- 'c;;. `__` _ _ » V-
¢- ‘ ` ` `.\--- . / - -v »- -- sql/
\ ' " X V & ‘.` \
L ,./G-_ --"T4 G A _
I/
G -
25c. 35c, 50c, 654:, 75c,
_ ~"` _ 85c, $1.00
TI-IE HoUs1-3 ;oF QUALITY
OUR CHRISTMAS NECKWEAR DISPLAY
shows_ some ot the handsomest conceits in l\eck Dressing we have seen. If you enjoy tying and wear- ing a rich scarf, you’ll certainly appreciate the beauty and exclustveness of our handsome new Fall Neck- wear.
Patons' Limited
Xmas' Gifts thiit will ve Appreciated For Men and Boys
Boots, Overahoee, Gaiters, Snowshoe Moccaslhns, Felt and Kid Slgppen, Ankle
Batten ln White, G . ltiinzlso Bedioomcudilipben In eolbiiy Rose
etc, ` -
boots,
~
_ 0 w'<2 C2- ~ m 'ts .. . »-; ap.
-I-I-I-l-I-r-t-1-I-9-1-wr-1-|-1-+4-1-|~|-|-+-\-1-1-|-l-+1-++-|-1-+++-I-+4-+-l»-H~++-|»+-|-+-|»-I-+5-r-|-+4-+4-+-|-|»-|»-|-|-l-0-|-|»~|»4-|»~|-|»-l-|-|»+++-|»-I-0 -I-I'-I-lvfli-l°<l»~l-I-l'¢l~'l-l»~l-l~+-|~+-l»-|-I-l»'|-lvl'-|-l-I'+~l-l-I-l»¢l'd»~|'-|»1l"l»'l»‘l"l"i'l\l"l>¢l»~l»¢l»|I»~l»~|~l»~f~fl~+1l'<l'~l>'|»~l»'|~4»¢+'N|»'l>'l'+4»1I»~l»4'44-4'~l»+-l-'I'-l»+'l~
R
Rubbers, Fauna Pang: suppm, cum
Boots, fBluei~Grey,-and White Topil Choc. Ta