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m1: GUARDIAN, GHARLUTTETOWN

AUGUST 2s. 1949

THE Guniioinis

Morning DI“! (Founded In 188'!) Authorised 1n Berurul (‘inn lilnil, Punt Office , liepurtnuent, Uttniru. Tho lulmul Guardian Publishing (‘o. Editor and Managing Ulrrrfur, .1. it. llurnltl. Alum-Into Plrlltor, l-‘runk “Miller.

"The St. , t Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest lnk"

fimuorrrzrowu. ’l‘ilUltSDAY, AUGUST 2s. 1m liar Ferry Requirements

f} (Elsewhere on this page appears an interest- ing commentary on the car ferry situation, from the Peterboraugh (Ontario) Eaxminer. We thank our contemporary for its kindly reference to The Guardian, and all our readers will appreciate the very flattering implication in its plea for leaving w'ell enough alone so that the visitor, if delayed on the xiiegweit at Tormentine, can h-ave all the more time to enjoy the comfort of the boat, the scenery, and the anticipation of our island's sum- mer loveliness and quiet, leisurely ways "where time is less important than living." Visitors reaching us in this happy frame of mind are among our most welcome guests, and there is no question but that their philosophic detachment, and indifference to inadequacies in the trans- portation schedule, enable them to get the max- imum enjoyment out of their vacation here. Would that all our visitors were so complacent, and that our own people were able to dispense with the time factor in the some manner!

Unfortunately, however, the need for an aux- iliary truck and auto ferry service in the summer months is based on other considerations. lt is not necessary to review the points here, which were fully covered in the hearings before the Royal Commission on Transportation. The excep- tion taken to the Ottawa Journal article referred to by tlie Examiner was that while conceding the need for a more regular service independent of railway regulations, the Journal raised the ques- tion of cost. This being a constitutional obliga- tion resting upon the Dominion, we ventured to suggest that the objection was irrelevant. The Journal, like the Examiner, has on many other occasions given favorable publicity to tholsland, and it was merely by way of friendly correction, and not of criticism, that we took issue with it on this occasion.

Mada in il. S. A.

A report issued by the Canadian Citizenship Council lists "a bibliography of texts used for instruction in classes preparing aliens for natur- alization." Books, teaching films, records and even "The General Basic English Dictionary," are products of firms-in Cambridge, Mass., and New York. .

Most Canadians, comments the Sudbury ‘Daily Star, will be somewhat irked by the sugges- tion that the United States must provide the instruction on "How to Become a Good Canadian Citizen." The necessity of using American pro- ducts is also a reflection on our own publish- ing industry which apparently is not capable of preparing the textbooks and material needed by immigrants to this country.

i Under the heading: "Additional Material Now Available for Immigrant Education,” tho Canadian Citizenship Council lists a "short his- tory of Canada for Americans," which is

i described as "o short, clear and readable intro-

duction to Canad-a," from the University of Minnesota Press.

"We are not so sure that Americans share the same view as Canadians on the United Em- pire Loyalists or the War of 1812, just to quote two examples," says the Star. "From what we have heard of the interpretation on English his- tory in American schools, there is an even wider variance-in the stories related by historians. Per- haps the Canadian Citizenship Council aims at a new race of Canadians with an American view- point. However worthy may be the objects of the Council we are afraid there will be much criti- cism of the recommended course of in-struction

ru

for ‘New Canadians.

Compulsory Military Training

The Ontario Command of the Canadian Legion came out unanimously at their Ottawa convention for a program of compulsory military service at the age of i8. In taking this stand they are at one with General Crerar, wartimc commander of the Canadian Army, who has repeatedly urged a form of military draft, both in articles and on the public platform. The Council of Defence Associations, onworganiza- tion of professional military men, has advanced similar views. Members of the active forces who have taken part in various military "exercises" such as the recent "Exercise Eagle", say private- ly that these manoeuvres would be infinitely more significant if they could be carried out by large bodies of soldiers and airmen such as only a military draft would provide.

A year's training under competent instruc- tion, professional military authorities say, would bring draftees to a very dequate state of ef- ficiency. Not only would it be sufficient for basic individual training, including drill, man- oeuvres, use of weapons and the knowledge of how to take care of oneself, but would permit of considerable combined training which approxi- mates tho activities of an army in the field. in

"addition, the large bodies of troops which com-

pulsory military service would provide, would give senior officers experianca_ in handling bri- gades and divisions —- something that is out af the qgestion under Canada's press t military set- u .

p Commenting on this aspect of the Ontario Legion resolution, the Ottawa Journal odds that whether the people of Canada in general would approve or accept a plan of compulsory military service in peacetime is another matter. Evan in wartime, conscription of Canadians for overseas service has been a major problem. In 1940, Mr. King's Government was re-slactod on a platform h included a pledge that time would be ptlon for military service overseas. avgntrip hrapa mods this pledge un-

._ j a lam Mr. King was forced

Iilylssltrwrtlrs

release from the election pledge. Even with that release granted under the famous slogan of "Conscription if necessary but not necessarily conscription", the issue caused division and de- fection-s within the Liberal party which nearly caused the overthrow of the government. Conditions today differ widely from those of 1939. The long-range bomber has wiped away the dividing line between "foreign" and local wa-rs and Canadians realize that the relative se- curity from attack which was formerly theirs by virtue of geographical location no longer exists. ln face of a real threat from a totalitarian og- gressor it is possible that such opposition as has existed to the principle of the military draft might be abandoned. Certainly the experts up. pear to be unanimous on this point at least.

EDITORIAL NOTES

Historic plaque unveiling today. i fi I

it is probably a libel on Britain's Socialists to say that they like austerity for its awn sake but the recent government venture of buying Algerian wine and selling it as vinegar certainly provides ammunition for the opposition.

I i i

Mr. Horace Wright, chairman of the Work- man's Compensation Board, cordially invites farmer employers of labour to come within the scope of the Act. They may do worse; accidents ore as likely to happen on farms as elsewhere.

it Yr i

More than 36,000 acres of new forest were planted in Britain last year, notes the Moncton Times. At that rate, and the way we have been squandering our resources in this country, Canad- ians will be going over there for forest sport.

"I "I i

Mr. Alfred Rives, Canadian High Commis- sioner to New Zealand, had many pleasant things to say here but one of the most encourag- ign for this smallest Province was his statement that the Department of External Affairs is in- terested that its officers should be familiar with the whole af Canada.

I I I

The Provincial Government and City School Boardare to be congratulated on the project of providing domestic science equipment at West Kent School. Manual training for boys has been admirably maintained through the years but considerably less attention has been paid to the housewifely training of city girls.

1r I i

Because the tractor is a farm implement and even very young boys have always shared farm tasks it has. become all too common for youngsters to be permitted to operate them. Un- fortunate accidents here and elsewhere should serve as a reminder that the tractor is a power- ful and dangerous machine which must be treated accordingly.

I Q

An Ottawa Federal official has just inform- ed the U. S. A. Institute of Cooperation that in Canada, cooperatives handle about one third of farm produce entering commercial channels of trade. ln other words, by using cooperative organizations [farmers deakdirect with consumer markets sharing thereby in the elmination of middleman profits.

I I

‘it is still uncertain who represents Annapo- lis-(Royal N. S. in the House of Commons. The Deputy Defence Minister has given his opinion on what constitutes residence in a service vote, and the defeated Conservative candidate who challenged the legality of some of the votes, has given notice that his agent will immediately be- gm an inspection of the service vote; inyqlyed,

I U U

Airplane travel may be speedier but it is still full of pitfalls. The old farmer who pre- fered to travel by horse team to risking his lifa in a railway train has his counterpart in those who prefer solid earth to flimsy air under them. From age to age the price of progress is costly in human lives.

I i I

‘Richard Crashaw, English poet, died this date 1649; son of a Puritan preacher, but later joined the R. C. Church; his Steps to the Temple, and other religious poems show much genuine poetry; he influenced such successors as Milton, Coleridge, etc:

And, when life's sweet fable ends

Soul and body part like friends;- No quarrels, murmurs, no delays; A kiss, a sigh, and so away.

i i‘ t

Canada's creamory butter stocks are con- tinuing to increase, the Bureau of Statistics re- ports. Holdings in nine Canadian cities at ‘Au- gust i2 totalled 46,428,000 pounds compared with 29,498,000 on the ca-responding data of last year. Only Quebec, Calgary and Vancouver reported decreases. The holdings by cities, with totals for the corresponding date of last year in brackets, were as follows: Quebec, 3,416,000 (3,665,000) pounds; Montreal, 17,125,000 (10,- 938,000); Toronto, 9,582,000 (4,104,000); Win- nipeg; 9,862,000 (5,237,000); Regina. 966,000 (348,000); Saskatoon, 383,000 (221,000); Ed- monton, 2,887,000 (1,451,000); Calgary, 1,184,000 (1,3)97,000); and Vancouver, 1,020,000 (2,137,- 000.

P.E.l. again omitted. The French Embassy in Canada has just announced that the branch has decided to grant 43 scholarships to Ca- nadian students which will allow them to follow their acodemiostudies in France during the 1949-50 session. No student from this Province is included. The official flflflOllflusmQlii’ says: "This year the French Embassy has received more than 200 applications. The French authori- ties have therefor: had to make a choice which has been guided by the recommendations of the

Canadian Univarsitienand have strivad to as-l

sura a fair representation from every province in Canada and of different branches of study. it is with dup regret that they havohad to ra- fusa many vary interesting candidates. Never- theless they are glad to thlnlr that 43 young bril- liant Canadians will be able to follow their uni- versity studies in Francs."

7T cm?’

%edi6mn

FROM “IN MIMOBIAM" Dost. thou look back on what hath been, As some divinely glftad man, Whose life in 10w estate began And on a simple village green;

Who $115k} his birth’: lnvldlous

N’:

And BAH-ins the skirts of happy chance,

And breaks the blows of circum- stance.

All! 8111717166 with his evil star;

Who makes known

And lives to clutch the golden keys,

To mould s mighty state's decrees,

And share the whisper of m. throne;

by force his merit

And moving up from high to higher.

Become on Fortune's crowning slope

The pillar of a people’; hgpg,

The centre of n world's desire;

Yet. feels. u ln a pensive dream, When all his active powers are still, A distant dearness ln the hill.

A secret. Iweetness in the sires-n,

The limit of his narrower fate.

while yet beside its vocal springs Be played at counsellors and kings. Wlth one that was his earliest mate;

who plough: with pain hls native e O1- in the furrow musing stands;

Does my old friend remember me?"

—I.x:rd Tennyson.

i0 Old C harloltetown

(And P. E. I.)

i;

MEMBERS’ INDEMNITIES Th9 3W" b91118 in committee on the Appropriations Bill, Hon. Mr. McNutt said he thought the pay provided in the bill of £30, be- side! 111119889. to each of the mem- bers of the Assembly, much run high. It was formerly consider- ably 195i. 8nd as this Session had been shorter than usual, they ought to have been contented with £20. He (Mr. McNutti considered that sum was quite sufficient; and he would move that the President take the Chair, and that the Chairman report progress, gnd recommend that a conference be asked with the Assembly on the Bill.

Hvh- Mr- McDonald would sec- v- ond the motion of his hon. friend. He considered the appropriation in this Bill of £30 to each mgmbgr of the Assembly a most extrava- gant. iniquitous and shameful grasping of the public funds, by a body whose immediate duty it was to protect them; the money of the country was lavished by them. as if it abounded as the sand of the sea-shore. Those gentlemen who pretended to be so much the friends of the country had not hesitated to put their hands into the public purse, and to distribute its contents among themselves, whilst they left the hard-used juror, the poor farmer from the country. to attend the County Courts for weeks together, patheti- own charges, where they were obliged to live in a way most in- convenient to their comfort, and prejudicial to their interests. But those gentlemen, the members of the Assembly, were not even con- tented with a sum sufficient to keep them in u moderate style of llvlnB. for they had voted to themselves n sum nearly equal to £1 a day each, a much larger sum than was required to provide them with every necessary; yes (said the hon. gentleman) and with pipes and tobacco to boot.

Hon. Mr, Young moved that. the Reporter leave out the pipes and tobacco.

—From the reports of the Legis- lative Council, Tuesday, April 15, 1845.

International Commentary

(By W. N. Ewer)

On August 12th the Soviet Gov- ernment. 1n on official note an- nounced that. it now "regards the present Government of Yugoslavia not as a friend and an ally but B5 Enemy and opponent"! It is the strongest and most demure lflnsueae used since the quarrel came a head last year. Such an pthc 1 and formal "declarat- ion of enmity" ls probably ug- pnrulleled except. us an immediate prelude to a rupture of relations l! not to actual war.

What does it signify? What are the intentions of the Soviet Un- ion towards its ex-sily‘! Appar- eflily for the moment it is not intended even to break of! diplo- matic relations. The Soviet Am- bassador in Belgrade, Mr. Lavreu- tiev, has been transferred to sn- other post. But it il indicated that l successor will be appointed. And in any case the Embassy re-

- mains. The Soviet Government

does not maintain embassies no gestures of friendship. but for their uoefulneis :0 itself.

I

But the Soviet Govammeat is allowing no doubt that the phrase "enemy and opponent" was care- fully and deliberately chosen to describe a new relationship. It has been repeated almost daily tn the Soviet preis. It forms, as it were. the official text for a new and lntenser campaign against Marshal Tito and his Government "The clique ofYugoslsv Bourg- eois nationalists and deeelvetfof‘ the Yugoslav people” is a ‘ c- teristlc way of referring to thorn. "A regime of the Iuoiltflutspo type" is another. - Such language in the official Press of a grant power with reference to a nearby smaller power Juve on ominously familiar ring.

ltisiobenutad lhltlllflbil

a Who reaps the labour of his hands, i

WAN? To oer Lots

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careful distinction ls made be- tween the Yugoslav Government and the Yugoslav people. That may give a clue to the Soviefpoi- icy. Especially when one notes further that the lesser organs of the Cominfarm openly urge re- volt against the "Tito clique." '

At the same time there have come, especially from Istanbul. during the past week or two. per- sistent reports of troop concent- rations ln the Balkan satellite countries. One has is that there are now s quarter-million Russian

troops in Romania and Hungary.

Another that. there are strong So- viet units in Albania taken there by air lift or sea. There may be some foundation for these stories. But they have rather the look of having been-deliberately circulated as part of a "war of nerves“— devised to arouse alarm in Yugo- slavia and stimulate opposition to a Government which is exposing the country to the danger of pos- sible war. O I

Russia, it is clear, has now op- enly declared a "cold war" against Yugoslavia. There is this "war of nerves?‘ There is an economic war; for trade between Yugoslavia and all the countries of the Sov- iet bloc is now virtually stopped. Where is it leading to? The Soviet calculation seems to be that a few months of this sort of thing, coupled with such subver- sive activity as is possible inside the country, will suffice either to bring Tito to his knees or bring about. his overthrow. But they thought that a year ago. when the Cominform “excommunicalion" of Tito was announced-Also to the accompaniment of rumors about troop movements. Suppose that this second and tiercer OfTGIiSKVQ has no more success than the first? What will Stalin do then‘! He ls engaging his own and Rus- sia's prestige very closely in the struggle. To call it off becomes n1o1-e and more difficult. That 1s the real danger of the situation. There are two obvious possibil- ltles. One would be to try to or- ganize some sort of revolt near to the border of one of the satellites slates: perhaps in always unruly and turbulent Macedonia. Yugo- slav rebels. like Greek rebels. could then be supported and sup- plied from across the frontier- There might be an “international brigade." And Moscow may cir- culate that the Western powers might regard it all as an intern» ecine Communist affair and g_iv_e no aid or support to Tito. A "civil war" with full backing for the rebels from a Brent DOW" ""1 none for the Government might reproduce the Spanish result- Russia might even propose l "non-intervention: agreement-

The other possibility would be to uddenly accus the Yuioslav Government of aggression against Albania. Then treaties of alliance could be invoked and Russia and her satellites could come to the aid of Albania. claiming to sci. under Article 51 of the Charter.

There is little evidence that either of those moves is in mind in Russia for lhe immediate fut- ure. But there is some evidence that neither has been overlooked. Rumors of Yugoslav plans for in- vading Albania have been‘ spread in Vienna and Istanbul.

There are no doubt other possi-

Vio Positively

J

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"me next TIME someone ~ comes to ASK "HOWS iiousiue ucnefi‘ ii€ cm sec Mi,’

liotm 1's imp! Rotators mini ' in Solid Ill! " ~- sumous Ami slur .1. 1.01m: nnrsoonr.

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FACT DIET:- Charlottotown adveg-tlgq-

reports receiving Q/LO replies f0 "To Let ‘ Classified. Ad J

my

billties. about however,

Nothing is ever certain Soviet intentions. What, is only too certain is that a declaration by a great power that. it. regards a small power as an enemy necessarily creates a situation full of dangers. Soviet Russia may not be pian- ning a new Balkan war. She is certainly again troubling Balkan peace.

P. E. I. Car Ferry

(Peterborough Examiner) The Ottawa Journal has been saying editorial things about. the car ferry service from Cape’ Tor- mentlne, N. B. to Borden, P. E. I. Unfortunately for our com- plete understanding of the Jour- nal's point of view. we were on the ferry at the time the Jour- nal made its point, and so missed it (the point, not'1he ferry). We have, however, seen the har- lottetown Guardian taking an edi- torial plunge into the matter (the Guardian is the Island's chief and very good paper which "covers the Island like the dew") It seems that. the Journal urged the need for a regular and “ , “ t‘ schedule for motor vehicle service to the Island, independent of the railway timetable or of railway regulation. The Guardian says: “Our Ottawa contemporary falls to note the most important factor in the car ferry situation. The provision of adequate service at this main connecting point with the nminland ls a constitutional obligation resting upon the Do- minion rind the briefs, both of the Provincial Government and the Boards of Trade, demonstrate very conclusively that the present ser- vice is inadequate, and that until a second ferry ls provided there is always the danger of a complete breakdown of traffic, with its re- sultant disastrous consequences to this province."