'( Y I 1f n J . A

__i>i~.c;c noun TH E G UARD IAN

llurnlng Unlly (Founded In luiflt AulhirriLrd in idea-unit Cline Mail. Pint Offlro Department, Olllvra. ‘rho lnlnlld tiunrillen Putrllntilnl (‘m ' Editor um! Mlnallnl lllrertor. il H. Burnett. Anni-Into Eiiltnr, Irnnli Walker.

_ "The Strangest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink."

fiiffitTFFFEfiTnTti. WEDNES-ITATTTTTJAN. i 19:” iiiTi

Misleading Propaganda

Much misleading propaganda is crtiflllfiflllg at present from Montreal and Halifax with re- spect to the margarine ban imposed by proclam- ation in this Province following the procedure laid dqwn under rho Provincial _Doiry industry Act. lt is being stated that the _SuPF'~‘"ll'-' CW‘? has already found the bun to be IIHCOHSTIIU- tional. What the Court did was to find that the law prohibiting sale and manufacture of mqrgqrine was irltra viii-s so lar as the Domin- ion Parliament was concerned A5 "ll POW" under the British North America Act is vcst- 9d either in the Provinces or the Dominion, tfic obvious mgqgfflg of this ruling is that authority IR this case rests with the Provinces. Two of the seven judges dissented from the maioritv Iinding on the ground that Parliament-and not the Provinces had jurisdiction; but none of them ever suggested that the authority lay outside the scope of both Parliament and the Provinces. Such a ruling would be absurd. Yet this is precisely what the margarine propagandisti arc seeking to show. _

Again, there is evidently deliberate deception in the emphasis placed on the fact that Section l2l of the B. N. A. Act provides for free entry o; good, from one province to another. This has nothing whatever to do with the Prince Ed- ward Island proclamation, which refers onlY f° sale and manufacture. The suggestion that the (join-r; will throw out the Prince Edward lsland legislation because import restrictions ureulfra "he; 55 ridiculous. Whatever decision the iiirists may reach on the validity of the island enact- ment, it will certainly not he based on this irrelevant issue, which 5419"“ l0 he ll“ m"), one flu mqygqriiie propagandists can sug-

Sl’. _

It is well for tho people of this Province, urban as well as rural, f0 fflmvmbi’ "ml °‘" whole agricultural economy l5 dclmldf“ °" we dam, industry‘ Th5 i; not the lflhf‘ in the industrial Provinces, Which have been P'°' tected against" competition with tariffs of all kinds since Confederation, and have waxed "fill and powerful at our expense. There 0Y0 5'9 interest; 1,, these Provinces behind the margar- ine drive which will stop at nothing to achieve their ends. Our readers should be on _the_ir guard against the kind of propaganda which I5 already flooding Canada from this source. They should be prepared to see the issiw, "Of. "5 ‘l purports to be, an attack upon the Jones Gov- ernment for preventing the poor man from get- ting a cheap butter substitute, but as a high- pgwered drive to establish _a new‘ m0n0P°lY "l this country, a monopoly aimed directly at our most vital farm industry, and controlled bygin- ierests in the big Provinces and the United grate; which care nothing whatever about our welfare, either individually or as a PFOVITICB.‘

Registered Seed

Owing to the cessation of demand frerii Europe this year for registered seed, there is reported to be a considerable surplus of this material available in Canada. As a result, ac- cording to an announcement by the Canadian Seed Growers’ Association, prices of registered seed of many kinds and varieties bu"! l-"IQ" reduced l|1 this country Io levels which hardly meet their cost of production. This, then, is a bargain year for Canadian farmers to purchrlsf. registered seed. Our farmers do not need to be reminded that the use of registered seed, because it is guaranteed to be true-to-variety to q, high standard of excellence, Is the only method o.‘ improving the quality and Yi¢ld °l CW9?- ll such seed can be obtained this year "l lelflllvtllY low prices, it will be of decided advantage to our whole agricultural economy.

Berlin Today i

A v|v:d account of prficnf df-lY ill"? l" Emil" is given in Tlir World Today, n Loncloii revicw published by the Royal institute of Interna- tional Affairs, _

The first thing which impresses a visitor to Berlin, the article declares, is the almost can- tiiiuous noise of the air-lift. The erman. people have been stirred by the power of the Western world as revealed in the organization of the air-lift. They are reported to care very little about exhortatiens and slogans, whether they “m; (mm rho Sayiet side or from the democra- cies. They are interested above all in bringing some color and warmth into the monotony o.‘ German life today, and in raising their staiid- aids above the meagre rations which govcrn

everything.

Nonetheless, they are not blind to the dan- gers of Russian tyranny. The best proof of this is to be found in the fact that only a negligible number of Germans have succumbed to the Soviet bribe, have left the Western sector and crossed into Russian-controlled territory in ur- der to get larger food rations. They prefer a lower ration with the prospect of freedom to the Soviet policy of more food — temporarily -as the prelude to lasting tyranny.

The greatest inconvenience in Berlin is said to be the lack of electricity. A member of the bccupying forces has electric current from 7.30 to 9.30 a. m. and from 6 to ll p. m. Ger- mans in the Western sector have-electric cur- rent for two hours in every twenty-four and they do not always know in advance when it will be available. "It fairly often happens that the current just goes off; the tailor using an elec-

wife cooking, or the savant burning the midnight oil must alike stop work. It will be about once iii three months that the current comes on at a time when the user really needs it." Special or- rangcments, however, are made for industry, hospitals, public buildings, theatres, cinemas, and essential trades. lt is on the household that the main burden falls.

In November the domestic coal ration amounted to 56 pounds in the British zone, Dur- ing the height of winter the monthly ration for coal and wood will be somewhere between l0O and 2CD pounds.

The article declares that "a great deal of the Berliners’ spare time this winter will be spent ii: bed, the hasty mcals will be consumed at ir- regular times in extremely cold rooms."

f LIJIIURIAL NUIILS /

The Federal Government do not intend to port with Mt. Pleasant airport though it will not be active in the meantime.

Regret on all sides will be lelt at the ser- ious illness of Senator Robinson, Suminerside, on the eve of the opening of Parliament.

r Parliament opens next week, and will be preceded by caucuses ol the respective parties this week and in the beg.nni,ig of next. Mein- bcrs will be all en route to Ottawa by the week-end.

What is this in the way of luck? It was agreed that if the score in the final of the Syd- iiey Schools’ Rugby League Carnival were a draw, the side which scored first would win. Neither side scored so they tossed. The penny stuck in the turf —- on its edge.

Ontario, of course, is in favour of the St. Lawrence Seaway being proceeded with, iust as New York State is. The operation of the pro- ject would benefit both Toronto and New York at the expense of the Maritime Provinces and the New England States.

A teachers’ strike is not unusual though il" may be a new experience in Montreal. Here, under the Leo Government, we had one, but since then differences have been ironed out without providing the children additional holi- days.

I I G

Today the second annual conference of the l’.E.l. Agricultural Council opens at Birch Court. The cooperation between Dominion and Provincial departments of agriculture indicated by the success of the Council ougurs well for the industry here.

.- .- , At a time when standardization is being lobouriously achieved in. other fields, it seems unfortunate that two American companies, Col- umbia Records and RCA Victor should produce two new types of recordings each of which re- quires its own special record player. a x w

Everything comes to him that waits. A scorch is to be resumed for the legendary con- tinent of Atlantis, supposed to have been sunk under the sea some 8,000 years ago, by a Brit- ish expedition which will use radar as its fish- ing rod. What with the atomic bomb from above and radar from below, the sea will soon be giv- ing up its dead, as predicted in Scripture. 9r s w

The newly formed Military Security Board set up by Britain, the United States and France to continue the work of the now defunct Allied Control Council has the task of watching and preventing any German attempt at rearmament. This is one group the Russians will probably be quite willing to cooperate in, once the presrnt tension is eased.

i fi I

Uiilcss Dr. Grant 0r Mr. Lester Douglas at- tains the vacant senutorship before the coming Federal election they will probably be by-pass- ed. That is if the proposal to provide an age limit of sixty-five for new comers becomes cf- fective. The suggestion in Government circles is that Senators must retire on pensions at seventy-five after ten yours service.

, A magistrate addressing a service clyb "e- clarcd wives are among the best judges of drunk- ‘CIIIICSS. Police, medical and laboratory tests are often inconclusive in borderline cases and inti- mate knowledge of the inclividual's idiosyncra- ciet is necessary. That is where the wife domes in, he s'oid. But can n wife testify against ner husband? w *

General Robert Edward Lce, Confederate officer in the American Civil War was born this date I807. In the campaign of 1862 he proved himself to be a great leader and a consum- mate soldier; he commanded the North Virgin- ian army, winning in I863, a seven days’ battle; he next defeated the Federalists under Pope; ‘n- vaded Maryland, winning the battle of Freder- icksburg and Charicellorsville; defeated at Get- tysburg, and later opposed Grant in I864, but was ultimately defeated: "Duty then is the sub- blimcst word in our language. Do your duty in ull things. You cannot do more. You should never wish to do less." ~

Before Confederation our chief market for produce was the Eastern States. As an induce- ment to enter Confederation, the Inter- colonial railway was promised us to carry our produce to the central provinces of Quebec and Ontario where we were promised a ready market. The lntercolanial was never intended to be a pay- ing proposition but a ans to on and in round- ing out Canada as a Dominion. Iit-by-bit this facility has been denied us by steadily increas- ing ‘rates regardless of pro-Confederation un- derstandings, driving us back to our natural market, north and south. Premier Jones predicts that before long our only salvation will be in- creasing use of auto trucks to offset the Fed- eral Government's boost of rates arid express-

tric iron, the deritisj drilling a tooth, the. liouse- age towards consumer markets.

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THF. ciiisizmasi. i;u.\iu.in"ri;'rc_>w~

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77in‘ Gwmi

POETS POEM

Before the Stare were sci. in space. 0r the red Sun iii the sky, There nos appointed time

place And a reason nth)‘-

and

Before the mirror Moon was made Polished. and cut. and hung. _ The keystone of my life was laid. And my song sung

Before the spinning Earth was cont

It was decreed that I

Shoal: iioiv be wise, fool.

Speak iriiili. ui‘ sri-ve the lie

and now be

Before great fishes swarm the sea,

01- llifllirds roamed the land.

The mind of God had fashioned fllf‘.

Aiid iiiy tic-art lay m HIS hand.

Before the first Wild man struck fire

And cried aloud at. Lhe flame,

A magic. melancholy lyre ,

was grevcu with my name.

Arid though I never learn the vmy. 0r know the reason Why.

Yer. l must. trv my lyre to play. Alivavs, until I die.

-John Wheatley. in the New YGPR Times

TN} Old Charlottetown iniia r. e. I.)

PIONEER TIMES

The harness usccl in the days of the early settlers. especially bytlie poorer classes, was rough and rlioap. For horse collars they used rushes plaitcd and sewed together with thongs. The britchens were sometimes tirade of straw. These required watching. as the cattle would often eat the harness oft‘ the horses‘ bar-ks. One mrin lost. tiva hritchens iii this way in one wiri- tnr. The reins were made of horse halr and proved quite serviceable. There ivr-re no matches in those days and considerable difficulty was rvperienred Ill keeping the fires lit. At night the coals were cover- ed \\‘Ill'1 ashes arid, if the fires went out. in the morning one had to sally fourth. going perhaps half a mile in search of a fire-brand. or light tinder with flint and steel. Some- times in mitt-day they could‘ light n firo hy holrlirig eye-glasses over =i piece of punk.

The farm implements were rough and simple: the ploughs had wood- en mould boards and the barrows wooden teeth. The household uten- sils were nearly all made by hand. the Indians making the churns. tubs and baskets. I have a clear re- membrance of my mother's first rolling-pin, wade by a Mr. Jones u.‘ Lot 49. my great-grandfather. I am rio\v in possession of an old reaping hook and flail, the oldest articles of the kind, perhaps, in the Province.

And thus the changes come. Even flic- old lumber roads associated with the early history of the place are IJCIIUZ obliterated by cultivated fields. l tiav: not seen any trace of one of the oldest roads for some years. called the old Bumble Bee Pine Road. uihich ran east and west almost parallel with the Bel- fast nnd Murray Harbor Railroad now being built.

—l-‘ram "Mt. Albion Reminisc- onces." 1900, by the late Mr‘. Ro- bert Jenkins.

Provinces Score lii freight Rate Controversy

Wviumpcg Free Pressi

the 2i pcr cent. freignl. razes true is UVCY and the 45 per ceizt. Lfhtl li:i.. bcguii. 'I'l'i.s latter tig- iiie IS rvi‘ the one which ripper ii ll1i~ o 'nl records but i‘. i: iiii nc_iir;.'e one none the icss. iintl i. i. bcckusie the revamped ' ‘cl til ‘transport. Commissnm- us iaciiiv flCLCpla such a figure Liar the seven provinccs won llir: second ii: I\\'u victories In a sing- lr any 1i: the hearing of the rall- .\.i_\.s' application for more rc- iciiuc- bop-nu

The blhrr

ilre thrri" :'liil‘l'.‘,’ on

came when the board

\lCl0l'_\' inrmbcis of ihr case ruled against; gruiviiiif: ‘he railways an tmmcd- inic bi‘ iizievim rate increase.

Liust July the railways flied an application for a 20 per cent. In- crease, Wll-‘J an interim of l5 per cent. Latc- in September, alter hearing argument for two days, the board deferred hearing of the application until Jan. 11, not- withstanding the fact that. the railways pleaded an emergency amounting to incipient. bankrupt.- -v. (‘ O I l

In Oeicber the Western and Maritime Provinces appealed dl- reetly Lo the Cabinet against the accounting principles adopted last. Mimi“ b? t-he Transport Board 1r. granting a 21 per cent. leneral increase in rates. The Cabinet giive Judgment tn an order-tn- councll z-rferrlng these prtnetples— me "formula," as it, has come to he called — back to the board for further consideration. The Cab- inet. also ruled that, the 21 per cent. increase should remain un- alsturbed. but, tt made clear that, r-tie same formula should not. be applied lo any further requests for Increased rates without n tti rough re-exunlnetlon. It. went ev n further. and paid it was im- pressed by one apoatffc contention of the provinces, that, income re- eelvcd by the railway: from ho- tels. steamship: and other non- ratlvi-ey enterprise: should be token into eoemint, tn the motto: of fixed charges and dividends.

This wee‘ obviously interpreted by Mr. Carson of the C. P. I. u

n clear call for revision when he informed the Board

—-T

THAT HIS VOICE BE HEARD IN THE AFFAIRS OF THE DAY --

SHOULD AVAIL HIMSELF OF EVERY OPPOR-

TUNITY T0 LEARN PUBLIC SPEAKING. rouiurv MINISTER w. It. siuw.)

HE YOUNG FARMER

Humiliation 0f The Senate

. iOffawa Journal;

An OLLEWB, despatch to the Mon- treal Gazette states that “vague sfirrings of official interest. m Sen- ate reform . . . are being shoved into the background by more prac- tical political considerations until after the next. election." The des- pntch adds: “The 15 Senate seaie now vacant-one has been unoccup- ied since June, 1945-wIll be filled by Lhe day that Canada again goes to the polls, it. W35 learned authen- tatively today."

After 50 years of talk about, abol- ishing the Senate or rcforvnlng the Senate. this Ls what, we have come to: A Senate which rampant part» Lsanstilp has humiliated into lmpcr fence, tnto a position where tt 1s little more than a. gramo-phone of the Hoyse of Ccmmons. Not, merely ls the Senate today politically 1on- sided, with 65 Liberals and 18 Con- servatives; no longer there. tn leadership. is mere evidence of m- depcndcnce. A few of its Liberal members, aided by o. pitifully small and rapidly vanishing group of Con» servatives. still try to give it tho "second loo " atmosphere which Sir John MacDonald said should mark its character. but the vast. majority perform the part which Mr. King indicated they must per- fo-rim when he sent. them there: The part (Mr. King made no bones about it) of doing the bidding of the ministry in the Commons.

A Senate of such character is not. in any true sense, not in any use- ful sense. a second chamber at all: and certainly not in any sense what the Founding Fathers hoped it

morning that, in order "to remove frcm controversy" tihls particular item he was slicing off over $9 millions from the railways’ emer- gency needs. He coupled this an-

would be. It is only an adjunct, o; the House of Commons, pcrformng no function that. 1s necessary, in. unjustifiable expense with the add- ed evfl of bringing into dlsrepute our whole parliamentary system. When men talk of respect fcr the constitution while at. Lhe same treating a part, of It, with contempt they are beln: guilty of hypocrisy and nonsense-making themselves vulnerable to all among us wno would destroy the constitution.

Prime Miruster St. Laurent. is all authority on the constitution. 1t. ls bud to believe that. at. the outset. of his career as Prime Minister he should make himself responsible far the degradation of a branch of Par- liament, leaving one-sixth of us membership vacant. until the exig- encies and pisrty conveniences of an election make it desirable to fill suctfmembershlp witih men whose only qualification will be that they may have served, In some cases nor even with distinction, the party which he heads.

Six O'clock Town (The Printed Word)

Merchants in one Canadian town have learned how to damage it as a wotpplng centre. It seems that; two or three years ago, when customers nrere klnd and anxious, these merchants decided they iveroift going to stay open Satur- day "nights any longer, nohow. Farmers would just. have to come to town in the daytime. whether or not they had to rush right back to milk and feed the stock and thereby miss the pleasant late- evening hours meeting folk from the other sections.

One merchant refused to go a- long with the others. He kept his store open, though business fell off, because people werent going to that town just to shop at, one store, and not a very blg store either.

nouncement. with a sealing down of the railways’ application fan: interim relief from 15 to 10 per cent., not. that Lhe railways didn't reed the money desperately, but, lie wanted to expedite muff-CPS by not being controversial.

Mr. MeL-ean and MJ‘. MaePber- son for the provinces both took the posit-ion that; it. was not as easy as all that to escape from she realm of controversy. The C. P.R.‘s original request was for an ‘interim increase of $22,110,000 I3 is true ‘shat. by cutting the appli- cation from 15 to 10 Der cent. the ORR. reduced the revenue w be received to 511865.000. But hfr. {McLean and Mr. MacPherson pointed out that, this revenue would be surplus. The C.P.R., they $3)’. cou.cl not plead that it was iiecdcd fc pay operating costs or iis a mailer of émergency.

with Liiis \'l0\\’ the Board ari- parcntly agreed. At any rate. it. decided, vary quickly. that. t-liere should be no interim increase and 11M. by thr- Lcrms of the order-iri- éouricil i‘. should proceed at. one: to review the accounting formula Hang with theireuhvays‘ applica- tion for a 20 per cent. increase.

This was followed by a ruling that the onus lny with the rail- ways. not the provinces. to begin roe cast". Mr. Carson had argued i111‘. the Provinces were really in the position of appellants; that they harl so appeared before the Cabinet last October, and they had been bold by the Cab- inet lti effect to go back to the Board and continue their appeal there. The Ghlef Commissioner. Mr. qustiee Archibald. found this offended his conception of com- mon sense, and said so.

He listened to further argu- ments from both olden for n couple of hours longer. and then the little game of "onus. onus.