.

)-

alibi

PAGE. FOUR . . g THE GUARDIAN

Department. Ottawa. The Island Uulrdiun Publishing Co.

mercial power production from atom fuels will lag behind British output for some time.

It will likely be four or five years be- fore the British plant is finished and selling power. It will be a large undertaking--

Prosldonl unll Associate Editor. Inn A I!urnolv..A Ausociula Editor. Frank Walker.

CIRCULATION "Covers Prlneo Edwud Island uko the dew”

f'TfIo Strongest Memory is Weaker lliou the Weakest Ink". Cmuu.o1"rE'rowN, SATURDAY, DEC. 13, 1952

commonwealth 'conf'erence

No plan or specific agreement canle out of the Commonwealth Economic Confer- ence which concluded Thursday after a two week session. None was expected. The Prime Ministers and other Commonwealth leaders, nevertheless, reached an under- standing that each would follow policies that would make it as easy as possible for the others to conduct their trade and cur- rency transactions. The means by which this ls to be attained are very general but include such things as progressively remov- ing import restrictions-to an extent per- mitted by the advance towards equilibrium between the United States dollar and the rest of the world; also agreement to per- sever in efforts to curb inflation.

It is this attitude of mind, of course, that is the real outcome of the conference. BlLlC- prints there are none and probably could be none without the active participation of other countries, particularly the United States. There will be an effort, however, to ease the provisions of the General Agree- ment on Tariffs and Trade so that Com- monwealth countries may increase the tar- iff concessions they allow each other. It is reported that one country, probably Can- ada, protested against this decision.

It is also reported unofficially that the Queen's royal style and title in this country will include the word ”Canada" as it will include the particular name of each of the Commonwealth countries in its own usage. Thus in Canada she may be referred to as being "of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and of Can- ads, and of all Her Realms and Territor- ies, Queen, Defender of the Faith". The proposed usage, if actually adopted, will at least put in words the fact that Her Ma- jesty is Queen of Canada as she is in fact and her predecessors were before her.

Traffic Enforcement Index

In a booklet on "How to Promote Traf- fic Safety", issued by the Junior Chamber of Commerce of Canada, some interesting data is given as an aid to checking com- munity progress or retrogression in the mat- ter of highway safety. Emphasis is placed on the definite relationship between convic- tions for moving traffic violations and death or personal injury accidents. In most cities the minor accidents, involving property damage only, are by no means completely reported; therefore, the personal injury ac- cidents are the only ones on which it is possible to get anything like a uniformly accurate check and a measure of the rel- ative size of the problem. If the accident. problem is a large one, there ought to be

atom experts in industry and government say. Most of the latter and many of the former agree that as a result U. S. com-'

somewhere between 150,000 and 250,000

kilowatts of generating capacity. By way of comparison, the largest conventional steam electric generating plant in .the world, on order for TVA, will have a 250,- 000 kilowatt capacity.

Experts predict the British plant will supply commercial electric power at about one-and-a-half cents a kilowatt hour, which is competitive with conventional power plants being built these days in Britain. Such a cost, however, is a lot higher than the cost of producing power in the U. S., where a cost of over one-half-cent a kilo- watt hour is considered high.

The British plant will be a dual pur- pose atom plant. That is, it will make plutonium for sale to the British govern- ment for making atom bombs and it will, at the same time, produce electric power to sell commercially "to British industry.

EDIIORIAL NOTES

Tomorrow, third Sunday in Advent.

0 I O The necessity to dig ever deeper wells is a warning that the water table in this Province is steadily lowering. If the trend

, THE GUARDIAN. cllAlzl.or'rE'rowN

Still Waiting

For The K

.- ,.. .....-.- ....... .....-...... ---

uiHiLE oPPoe.T-Ml-TV KNOCKETH,

By -

J

1

rd-

” mrilllllli ' '

continues, as it will without reforestation, the greater part of our rainfall will vanish in the rapid run-off of streams and rivers. U1 Q 0 With steel controls to be lifted at the end of the year there is one fewer obstacle between Charlottetown and its new Fed- eral building. After that date, however, it will not be priority but aggressiveness that will determine what building is proceeded with.

O 9 9

Canadian Comnlunis" have wasted no time adopting the new ;e from Moscow. They are now stalwartltupholders of in- dividual liberty. Already they are mak- ing a great to-do about stiffer penalties for treason contained in the proposed Criminal

Code revision.

0 I I

There are disadvantages in living in such a high pressure community as Sum- Jnerside. Postal authorities have still fail- ed to cope with the situation. Box hold- ers continue to be understandably annoyed when they open their post office box only to have the pressure send their mail flying back in with the unsorted mail.

C I I

With a membership of 1,300 out of some 10,000 veterans, Island branches of the Canadian Legion have a record of public service of which they can be justifiably proud. How much more they could ac- complish for their communities and veter- ans generally if larger numbers took an active part should be an incentive for active recruiting by all present members and vol- untary participation by those who are not directly approached.

0 O

a large number of convictions. Dividing this number by the number of death or4 personal injury accidents, gives the enforce-ll ment index of the city. For example if there were 20 accident drivingj convictions and five personal injury accidents in one month, the index for the month would be -1. An index of 10 is recommended by the Na- tional Safety Council as the standard a city should strive.to reach. The enforce- ment index could also includeothe relation- ship between the number of arrests and the number of convictions; According to the studies made by the National Safety Council there should be 90 convictions for each 100 arrests. ftlf there are not, some- thing is wrong, either with the police, the courts, or both."

In many large centres "ticket fixing" for traffic violations has become a racket, and the booklet shows how this problem is being dealt with by the triplet ticket sys- tem, the effectiveness of which is based on periodic audits of all summonses or tic- kets. With this system, each traffic of- ficer receives a book of tickets, numbered in triplicate. The violator receives one copy; the second copy goes to the Court; the third remains in the officer's book. When the violator appears in Court, his copy and. the Court's copy are matched, after which both copies go to the City comptrollersor auditor's office, where they are assembled with the officer's copy and

audited. . First "Atomic Plant

Britain will boot the U. S. in building the first atom plant to supply commercial power to Industry. According to the Wall Street .lou,nul...t-he British V1-Int W1" PW”- gmy going up -within the next year. atria two. year: -or more be-

Dr. Samuel Johnson, the subject of Bos- wcll's celebrated biography, died this date 1784. A sound classical scholar, he report- ed Parliament, contributed to magazines, published the "Rambler" and spent eight years on his dictionary. Of Lord Chester- field's belated interest in that work he wrote, "had it been early, had been kind . . . but it has been delayed till I am in- different and cannot enjoy it; till I am sol- itary and cannot impart it; till I am known

and do not. want it."

With Christmas looming ahead BBC reporter Valentine Selseyls mind turned to crackers, and he visited some of the firms producing them -to find out where the idea originated. He discovered that the crack- er bon-bon, as it is still termed, was invent.- ed by a boy called Tom Smith who work- ed in a confectioner's shop. When Smith grew up he opened his own shop and later visited Paris where he discovered the hon- bon, a sweet in a wrapping which he intro- duced to England with immediate success. One Christmas Eve as he was standing be- fore a log fire he kicked it and from the log came a series of loud pops. This gave Tom Smith an idea and after several years experiment he evolved his cracker bon-bon. When he put 8. small gift in it his fortune was made for the Victorians then felt that they were really getting value for money. At one factory Selscy visited, forty girls were hard at work assembling crackers; this entailed the expert manipulation of nine separate pieces of paper plus the filling, which ,ls still anything from 1 false moustache to 0. paper hat or a toy musical instrument, the motto and the snap which

MARTINlS SUMMER

This day is gentle on the touch of

is buf.terfly's wing

Or the last. caress of a. ps.int.er's

brush.

Tarnlshed with silver bend their heads

Like grave Chinese courtiers:

My oak-tree is bare as a deserted

the poplars

Y. As Mohenjo-daro.

But my neighbor's still shakes its shock of crinkled leaves. Across the garden dart solitary

birds Crimson trumpet of a. robin. Yellow piping of a coal-tit, The sudden color arpeggio of tlnch's wings; Far off in the background Sound the muted chords of doves.

This is s cortege I must. not anus: Sad, but joyous with the gleanings of remembrance.

Now I may turn my back upon friend summer

eat with a good heart the baked sweetmeats of winter.

-Peter Albery in the Christian science Monitor.

And

C . PM Charlottetown

(And P. I. L)

PARK KEEPEIVS QUARTERS

"The annual meeting of the Phoenix Cricket Club was held on Saturday evening at the office of Messrs. Davies, Sutherland ll: Weeks. The meeting was the iargmt: ever held. and bespoke for the club a good season's cricketing.

"The following motion bv R. T. Weeks, seconded by W. C. Hob- kirk. was unanlmouliy carried: 'Tl-lat. udge Young be empowered to have the building that has been erected by the Club in Victoria Park. repaired and fitted up as a dwelling for the keeper of the Park, rent free. The room or rooms at the south end of the hulldi-rllz to be rented for the use of the club, and the keeper to take charge of the Club. as well as sets for lawn tennis. crrmuet. and archery. if re- quired. He in also to keen the cricket and croquet grounds in per- fect order'.

"The following officers were elect- ed for the season: Patron, His Honour Judge Youniz: President. Louis H. Davies; Vice President, 1". Mitchell: Committee of Manage- ment. J. Lonitworth, R. F. Quirk. and W. C. Hnbklrk: secretary and trea- surer, John H. Yeo."

-The Examiner, May 2, 1881

b”lMeOOMs60(&0hv&0OQ'9f'

The Age-Old story

;0IMOO&Q-9s&s10sM-sllvfet

Muuuieoh was fwolvo your old when he began to reign. and he refused fifty and five yours in Jem- Ialomr but did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, llko Into the abominations of the has- lhon. whom the Lord had cut out before the children of Israel And he c

ed times, and used cuchlsufments. s fsmlllsr spirit. and with wlni-rls

such. and to his people: but they would not hut-ken. ... -......

POLICE IXPIIT

YORKTON. hlk.-(OP) ---John on. s Yorkton veteran of

makes the noise. A skilled worker takes about one minute to make a cracker but has to go through a yearta training before

-1;. of-plant. is mined.

she is an expert.

the Rani Canadian Mounted Po- lice. now 3 helping direct. the sound-up of Man Man fanatics in xenyn. 'rimmenne.n.served with the E. C. M. P. If. Winnipot and Reolnil before joining the British

I his children to pan through the fire In the valley of the son of Illusion: also he observ- ond used wllchcnff. and dealt with

. . . . Aullfho Lord spoke to Mon-

Dlstances and isolation seemed to disappear in the mind of the editor of "The Islander”, of Char- lottetown, P.E.I.. when he wrote on September 17, 1852: ”We are pleased to be enabled to announce to our readers that 330 bundles of telegraph wire arrived in this port on Thursday last in the bark tClasina.' from Liverpool. This wire is intended to connect. this Island with Cape Tormentine (New Bruns- wick) in the shape of a submarine telegraph..."

The carrying of electric current along metallic wires had been a subject of armchair discussion for over 100 years before that time, but during the first half of that period, little "progress was made because there was no reliable source of electricity. Although, the perfection of the battery in 1800 solved that problem for expert- menters, it. created another. The current was conducted successfully along wires for short distances. but as these were lengthened, it seemed to disappear before reach- ing the destination expected.

The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge evinced little interest. in these proceedings, bu institu- tional apathy could not 5 p the wheels of progress. Charles Wheat- stone, ii. former violin maker, car- ried on his experiments in the basement of King's College, in the heart. of London. while across the bridge on the south side of the Thames. at. the East India Com- pany's Technical College, William Sturgeon, a. former shoemaker, was inventing the means of making his recently discovered electric magnet play the chief role in his crea- tion of the d,vna.i.no.

f O

The meeting place of these pion- eers was the Society of Arts. It: was there that means were dis- cussed for preventing coquettish electric currents leaving the nar- row path prepared for them to jump into the arms of any other metal object standing along the way. The East India. Company was very helpful in providing ma- terial to be worked upon by these makers of commercial history Their physician at Singapore, Dr William Montgomerle, sent home, in 1822, a specimen of Gutta Per- cha, which he had obtained from B. Chinese merchant. Although there is evidence that Sturgeon discovered the usefulness of guttn perchu as an insulator of electric wires soon after the arrival of that sample, no announcement was made because there was no reliable source of supply and an experiment; cannot be a success unless it can be duplicated in the presence of spectators.

The experiments were finally supported with in steady supply of the neetled guttu percha and to Canada's credit the newspaper. were able to hall the news that "Mr. Glsborne has succeeded in laying the submarine cable". The date was November 22, 1852.

A Gisborne's Submarine Cable

By Frank N. Walker, Toronto.

glneer who accomplished this task, reads like in chapter from Treasure Island or the voyage of the Argonauts in quest. of the Golden Fleece. Frederick Newton Gisborne was born in Lancashlre, England, in 1824. He was educated by the accomplished mathematic- ian. William Thompson, and by William Sturgeon who hail moved from the Eastllidia College to the headship of the Victoria. Institute of Practical Science in Manches- ter. '

At. the age of 18, Gisborue hav- ing qualified in Botany went with an expedlt.ion't.o the East Indies. The purpose of the voyage seems to have been kept secret,.but. the main objective was a search for I ready supply of Gutta Percha. The Chinese traders who offered that substance for sale refused to inform the Europeans of its source. The result was that after the feasibility of the telegraph had been proven, things began to him- pen in high places. In the yea? that the Gisborne expedition; sail- ed, 1B42. the British Government increased its allowances for mis- sionary parties to the far east and doubled its appropriation for steamship services to India. Dur- ing that summer, British ships bombarded Chinese ports demand- ing the right. to trade there, al- though no particular products were mentioned.

During that time, the expedition was on its way to the east, calling at the Cape Verde Islands and Sydney, Australia. After a stay at that port, Bishop Selwyn was taken to his future mission in New Zealand. Examining various features of those islands, one of the ports of which still bears Gis- 'borne's name, the exploration pro- ceeded to the Society Islands There, it appears, their motives were mistrusted and the members become engaged in 9. battle with French forces who resented their intrusion. They were driven from Tahiti by superior numbers, and like the mutlneers from the 'Bounty' went to Pitcalrnh Island. There C-lsbome was the guest. of October Christian, a descendant of the leader of the mutlneers. These experiences were some he liked to tell throughout his life.

0 O O

The voyage lasted three years and touched at the Sandwich Is- lands as well as Hawaii, always with A keen eye for the trees cap- able of producing gulls. perchu and the possibility of finding varieties which could be cultivated in more temperate climates. They crossed the Pacino Ocean and landed on the west coast of Mexico. Gis- borne walked across that country and returned to England by way of the Atlantic. He arrived bupk in England in 1845, but although the imports of gutto percha. had increased during his absence, it was for that year only about two tone. But this was only the be-

The early life of the young en-

ginnlng. Inside of three years it

use umshnoes beyond your on security. you should learn how will he clad of on opportunity

luau:-moo

Dlllcosi Cl

police.

voun possessions - '

The things you live with-yourihome, your business. your "stock in trade"-on III lublecli to loss through accident or

uvunmilii & co. LTD.

Aunts lhrouillous the Province.

nttol. for your own sense of sully you can be protected. We to serve you.

llnoeufl. .. . sinmoosmn . iwoicn

IIUI '

I

' J. Notes ) By

1 ton o'clock curfew will be en- foroed after December 1. Those of us who have watched with owe the gradual development of Cal- garyzs rustic virility cannot but be amazed at this apparent effort to tuck all these he-men into buddy- by at s time of night when Van- couver woaklingo are just umber- lng up for play.

build up a legend that calm- ians are rooting-tooling stalwarts 'rai.secl on raw beef and flagons of parochial patriotism. But what is the reality? The reality is that

was up to 1.600 tons and the yes: before Glsborne laid his first cable. it was reported as 15,000 tons. Glsborne left very shortly for Cunuda, accompanied with his brother Hartley. H purchased I. piece of land near ont.rea.l,prob- ably intending to try and cultiv- ate some of the species of gutta percha trees that had been dis- covered. He was not. however, to be allowed to lead a planter'o life, since in the previous year the first telegraph line had been es- tablished in the United States be- tween Baltimore cnd Washington at is cost of 330,000 to the Govern- ment. As no factories were engaged in producing electrical insulators, the wires on that line were sus- pended on pieces of window glass to prevent them touching their supports with a possible loss of electric current. 0 O O

The success of the venture had spread north like an epldanlc of measles and some of the financi- ers in Montreal soon learned that they had an expert in their midst. Before the year was out. Glsborne was engaged by a group to build 8. line of telegraph from Toronto to Quebec City by way of Mont- real. The task was physically a comparatively easy once since it. followed highways for most. of the route and the problem of bring- ing in material was not a major issue. The chief requisite was to have the guidance of someone who knew the then little under- stood laws of electrical transmis- sion. -The line was completed in 1848, (although a. charter was not obtained until the following year), Gisborne was appointed Chief Op- erator.

There, at. the age of 22. he could have settled down at. a steady salary for the rest. of his life, but the creative adventurer is not contented to stay and enjoy the rough place he has made smooth. He looks for more rugged hills to level. Early in 1817, Gisborne ac- cepted the posltlon of Chief En- gineer to a. Telegraph Company that had obtained a. charter, the first to be applied for in Canada, to build from Quebec City to the New Brunswick border with Hali- ax as its ultimate destination. The work involved cutting a path through bush most. of the way, but the authorized portion was completed during the first sum- mer and at the end of the your Gtsborne was sent to negotiate with the governments of the Mar- itime Provinces for charters to fulfill the plan. As a diplomat he was remarkably successful and made many friends in high places.

0 C 0

A

In Fredericton, New Brunswick, he met Francis D. J. Smith who was negotiating to bring a line of telegraph to saint John from Portland, Maine, I d is coopera- tion began that his :1 for many years. An Halifax, the Honorable Joseph Howe immediately was so impressed by his visitor that he promised to have the government build the Nova Scotia. portion of he lllle provided Gisborne would like the position of superintend- ent. This he agreed to do, but to leave him more 'freedom for the increasing number of his responsi- bilities, he appointed his brother as chief operator.

I-lis friendship with Howe was life long and one of the last. let- ters written by the venerable Mar- ltlmer was to Gtsborne. We have Joseph 1-Iowe'ii word that during the summer of 1848. Glsborne un- folded a plan to the Nova scotla Telegrsplr Commission for con- nectlng all the Maritime pmvln! oen with Newfoundland and ulti- mately with Ireland by telegraph. During the winter of 1849, he sur-

eoev

oscsmasa 13.

something strange is going on in Calgary where. it is announced.

Over the past twenty years or so Calgary has endeavoured with some success to

T--5

19520-,

The .r 73 migyvg o'clock gown, &

p1:lfrnho vlllutn of L", onn g a vo e on c .

ed Sunday sports ,::::f,;:1a1ifi February. It leads us to wonrle in the issue is understood. wig" sports do the people of Lancaszm wish to have on Sunday, ii-.3; Q," cannot have now? The dame 9' ikeeb the rouns people away ml” Quebec" on Sunday: to commend" able, but that lmpli u l'ECl'8llLlg- program that has it tic connection with commercial Sunday gpo -n Like too many others, we (M the people of Lancaster have hm blumlnd the so-called "Blue L,,:.e'.l, unjustlflably. If there is a. lack in proper recreation in Lancaster 01

Sundays. we think it would 1,1 more fair to blame indifference 0: fadulits and the "spectst.orltis" bug or t.-Cornwall Stand

holder. am ""'

veyed the whole cast. CBC” Brunswick and acroaimllfe 0:31”; peninsula on snow all p

enter 1.

character of the land ailllmllli him to take his telegraph hm,

down the western border or the province where it could meet Smith's line at Woodstock. Act 1181117 a line backed by the gov: emmcnt reached that place rim, and the Quebec to Halifax com. munlcstion we: completed. Gisborne obtained the first Nip- Dly of gutta percha to reach Am. cries in 1847. He coated Copper Wife-5 With it and added strcnglh. enlng materials for experiment. which he and F. O. J. Smith rar- rled out by testing these cable; submerged in the sea. He reponpd his tindlnlzs to w. J. Brett. in England and u lellgthycol-respond. ehoe ensued. Brett had the rm. nncial advantage because he lived at the centre of the world's money market. He was thus able to put 3 submarine cable across the English Channel,but. Cvl5bDl'l'lc has a close second and through his ef. forts Canada can claim the honor of having laid the first cable in America.

Brett's first cubic had failed, in Glsborne went t.oEngland and had one made from his own design using Manila rope strengthened by iron wines outside of the gum; percho insulation. He purchased a small steamer called for his wife the Ellen Cvisbol-ne', for since he held telegraph charters in Nova Scotla. Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and had surveyed each area. by the end of 1851, transportation was ii. major factor. It was that steamer he used to lay the cable, which was taken ashore in small boats where it was drllwn up by four horses and four oxen.

O O

With the cable ulclwred on Cape Tormentino, the 'Ellen Gis- boriie' sailed away at ll pm No- vember 22, 1852, playing out the wire as it went under the super- vision of Frederick and Hartley Glsborne. It reached Prince Ed- ward Island and the cable was landed at Cape Traverse at 5 am. on t.he'-following morning. and by that accomplishment the waist band of the world was drawn ll little tighter. During the night, the propeller went out. of order and the vessel began drifting, but the sails were hoisted which car- rled her to shoie. All other cable layers, during the first years. fol.- ed in their initial attempts. except Gisborne. He no planned that all probable misfortunes were expect- ed and provided for in his penet- rating picture of the task being considered.

Mr. W. Li Cotton remarks in Our Island Story”: "As soon as possible after the landmlz. 1 small battery was attached to the end of the cable on Cape Tormen- tine; and by means of 3. small instrument. on the Island. it was at once tested and found to Ad- mlfably afford means of comniun- icntlon across the Stralt....li was the first undersea telegraph cable made and operated in America. Early in the morning as the haul won, I considerable number of greatly interested . persons had gathered around the operator an- xious to learn the results of the venture; and when it was made known three hearty - cheers were given."

MINORITY GROUP Tile I-luizuenots were French Pm- .test.ant.s of the lath and 17th cm- turies.

1

"PROFESSID

NAL;t.CARiTs

Puliner & Huslum

J. A. 'McGuigun ?

A. J. IIASLAM. B.A.. gL.B. BABBISTER, SOLICITOB. E96 Sunk rlivmms: l.l:.e.(lh be NOTARY, me. 0 0 I i . Chnrlottlatown? I: E. .l.m " 5.....--- MONEY -.ro LUAN chug. R. Mcgumd B.A. -' Guurlel 8: Huszurd BAIIIIIBTEII. souciron. GILBEIIT A. GAUDET. B.A-. LLE NOTARY. Etc. Bnrllfen Ind Bollclton Essfcm Trust Building Money to hum . onAnm'r-rr.-rowu Osnuilkn Bank of Commerce Bldg. Phone nil Dr. A. L. Moclsuuc Iyron J. Grant. 09- DENTIET OPTOMETBIST Dontlhx-Bay 130 Kent Street Plume I" GLORIA BUILDING - lopppuu Beware Hotel) , I'll Grafton 3 rho” :51 T-------'r"E J A c 1 II Frederic A. Large. 9- ' . . error on. KO. 3..-mm, solicitor. Notary OPTOMETIIIST lloyul Bunk of Consuls Bulldlnt Ill lent Shoot Phone SH! Clllrlolfatowlh P. E- '- (NOI1 00 Blmneonfl A. cy) Loan: on oltyuund Film - Prope on Allison M. suns. Lu. 9,, K, A. .M.,g...,i...n IAIIIITEB. IOLICITOB. lb. - -DENTIST - a Dental X-ray . DO llohlngml SI. - Cluu tfctown Above Churlottoln .. Cllnlcm , Phone H00 - 202 qua... at. &g,.

onnnspo

. Phones IIIO - RANDOLPH W. MANNING. 0-A.

.--ids b . cnan-i-linen "WW9

omlo om. Dhnlolktowo

,I'l,. R. DOANE (COMPANY

148 Great George 50.. Charlottetown

oum offices as Ilsllhu. lfonoton. It John's. loutvllls. Liverpool. New Olsltoy um 'l'l-um

Othwl. Toronto. Inland lain. llonotou Ilnnll

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I"? -1 H0! H1 IRMA P. MICPHERSON. Amherst. Dim"

id--hm.7 Cllllllll & CO. , AQOolJlf'l'AN'l'l . -m I111 mun. ualgahr:ro:;.J;;f;'"l "I. Telephone 1'”