THE

CHARL(Yl‘TETOWN GUARDIAN

STOCK BREEDERS AND GARDENERSg|t

‘."'!'2r7gr1rvvW.Y.W7f>lir31r.-v-»_»-i :, v«

IRGETHHTIEEN

Shearing .Ti1_n° _ * Is Dipping Time

L ais there has been a ~I::irrlf:.l:lle lienprovement. . in the mgi clip of Canada, due in‘ a large ‘miasure to regular clipping of the Hire and more careful feeding f,,.°.i§’ocis. These are two external com-on e..:*::°i..::*::; as be‘ng the most com- », but li.i..i ticks and .ice of wool and give k a very unsightly appear- wu. As pointed out in the Sheep Di Ving" circular issued by ‘he D0ll'([lll1lCn Depflftmem °f A3“°“1' W. mg,-,9 pests sap the vitality of ihewewe flock and young lambs. re- ducing their condition. In sllsht-ly affected flocks the ravages of the Wig are not so evident, but cases ha}... been know where death has -suited through heavy infestation Bimgng is the precaution and Clll’? Dipnln

the floc

g time. or at least the best time for dipping. has Er-"V94 bn:‘nllF~’_‘ sheep rliculd be treated immediately after‘ shearing. Nowa- davs. with the advent oi modern manic powder dips. dll3l3lfl8 l5 3 simple task and all necessary in- formation is easily obtainable from the Dominion and Provincial De- pfiflmfnt of Agriculture and from the Canadian Co-operative Wool oi-awers. For a small flock it is H03 mcegsary to construct an elabor- ale clipping plant. A barrel large mough to ho‘d sufficient liquid to immerse a sheep will answer the purpose, A small trough. say 5 feet 6 inches long. 20 inches deep. 20 inches wide at the bottom, and 21 inches wide at the top mi-9, l3T0V9d its efficiency on man)’ 090351035- iinci ll small draining platform can be built without trouble. where the dipped sheep can be allowed to stand for a. few minutes until the dip drains out of the fleece and back into the dipping utensil In the case of an odd sheep when there is no flock and no tank avail- able, dusting with insect powders specially manufactured for the purpose has prcven effective but require: time and patience. AIIY kind of insect powder will not do.

.:.:.:—:——- llnnt for Lumhuo )fInarrl'u

_..._.__j_

xzj Strawberry Boxes

We have just received direct from the FACTORY

125.000 best make regu- lation sizes, quarts and pints. Sold in any quan- tity at lowest prices.

WHOLESALE & RETAIL \

Garter & co. Ltd.

'At Seed Store Charlottetown

i'15oR FARMERS’

The Poultry World

SHOULD CIIICKENS BE IIATCHED EARLY on LATE?

(By a Scottish Expert)

The recent inclement weather hns made many small poultry- ketipers chary of pushing on with the hatching of their chickens. Many are of the opinion that the earlier hatched chickens, are more difficult to rear than the later ones, hatched when weather conditions are much improved. It is. however, “OW generally admitted that Febru- “Y find March-hatched Cl'llCk(‘I‘i5 are even easier to rear than those hatched in the later months,

On the balance being made up it will be found that the earlier chick- ens are the best investment. Of course, everything depends on Lhc management. They must have the best of feeding, and the early chicks must be protected from severe winds and heavy rain show- ers. just as the later ones must be provided with shade from the too hot rays of the sun. very warm weather retards the growth even more than continued spells of cold. wet weather, mainly because they do not feel inclined to eat so much.

Feeding

Food and fresh water are all im- portant. Those who are unable to attend to their chickens constantly. owing. perhaps. to being away on other work. will find the dry mash system of feeding very convenient It is a great labor-saving device, but it does not give the best growth. Where the chicks have to be fed on the dry mash system, every en- deavour should be made to give them a wet mash two or three times a week. Many will find that they can do so at the week-ends. The chickens will appreciate this change and benefit greatly.

The chicks will require some seeds also, This can be mainly finely kibbied groats. wheat, and maize, whch can be increased in size as the chickens grow. The seed mix- ture should be scattered in litter to encourage the chickens to scratch. This must not be overdone, as they soon become indolent if they get too much food at a time. The grain will become tainted and will not tempt the appetite. The same ap- plies to the dry mash. and it shou‘d be closed down periodicary in order to maintain the interest of the chicks in it.

"Little But Often"

These grain feeds should be given "little but often." The crop in a young chicken is. of coiirse, small. and they must not be alloxvccl to gorge. or complications will set in. If they feed often there is no strain put on the crop. and the gizzard is kept constantly in action. To nssist rapid growth. scraps of flirielv minced meat of fish may 139 Ki‘/Fit These will be picked up readily and will do the birds a lot of good.

The water dishes must be kept scrupulously clean. and must be protected so that the chicks cannot scratch the litter into them. This latter may be only too often the case, so that the drinking vessels get choked pp. and the birds are unable to get an adequate supply of water.

Green Food

Chickens revel in a daily supply of green food. In the early Sl2fllZ€‘S. the green food has to be chopped very finely. Lettuce, cress. dande- iions, young cabbage. 43.-c.. should be chopped up. onions. tops and bulbs. should be minced up very finely: and it will be found that they are eaten with great relish.

Greens have also a decided medi- cinal value. and they have a won- derful effect on the blood S',I‘€l\!'1. Avoid all cheap feeds. They can never be good. and seldom give decent results. owing to trade com- petition much inferior food is foist- ed on the chicken rearer at this

season of the .VEB1'~

THE llllllliilllllll

(Natural history notes contributed by the Pioneer Jack Miner League) one of the most beautiful birds that visit our Island during the spring and summer months is the woodcock. He stays with us fill the first liezivy fr-cst in October when he gathers with more of his kind and seeks a warnicr clime. He is a regular visitor to many parts of our laiicl, yet ninny people fail to observe him. Easy of identification with his long bill. ey:s high in his head. and his brown. yellow and dead leaf coloring, which harmon- izcs so well with the ground on which he rests. The woodcock re- mains quiet during the day and feeds generally by night coming down to the black-mud swamps from the wooded knolls of birch and poplar where he smut the day. Late in the autumn he may be found in the alder and spruce coverzs during the day. When the woodcock is considered it is gener- ally in the role of a game bird. some one has well described him as the gamlest game bird in North America and be well clcserves the nnm.e He is so retiring in his hab- its, and so seldom stirs abroad through the day, that the ordin- ary observer does not often come in contact with him. If you wish to observe him you must often- times penetrate dense cover, es- pecially in the autumn. and for this work a dog is almost is neces- sity. for he will let you almost step on him before he rises on whist- ling wings, to seek better cover. Tiiei-e me those among our lov- ers of nature who contend that the woodcock should be placed on the I)l'0lL‘C‘t3(l not at all t.mes, and .‘vllOlll(‘l not be classed as a game bird. Thcy say he is too beautiful to be shot and too small to 3'2 of value as a table bird. He sure is beautiful in his adult plumage and as it table-bird what lie lacks in quantltiv he sure makes up in qiiriliiv. With such a decrease in our geese and hrant and many of our ducks, wlnt would the sports- man lmvc left if he were struck from the list. indeed it looks as if our main list of game birds on our Island will be snipe. woodcock and blark rlu . but the black duck cannot his own without more protection. while the Wilson snipe and wcozicock can well take care of thcnisclves if given an even break. We believe that very few wrorl."r.cE\' are shot. each year on the Island in d'i_vll2ht hours End in clean .<".3:'l. The only unfair n:lv.mtaz:~ flint cm and lms- often been taken on this bird is tollie in wait by some pool of water iust at dusk iind shoot liimaslie allghts. After a rain he may often be seen at nizht. sit‘..ng beside a puddle on the road. in the vicinity of his cowrt. They are then a very stupid bird and may be approach- cd very close. Many have been [thus killed in (l.2_vs gone by. Woodcock shooting with a dog is lollcn lm.rd flllil somet'll'l'l€5 V€l'.V ldiscoiiiagiiiz s-port and the odds ’:ire generally in favor of the bird. They sclrlcni break cover. rising only as high its to clear the heavy thi:l: boiiglis, nrd then circling around rt s ‘ucc or Jllnlllef ale soon lost to .._.llt. The writer 1185 generally wniicd for them to break cover which they seldom do, con- sequently my woodcock shooting has many tmcs proved a failure- Tbey remind one of the story of the two tailors. the first said he could fit a llllln with a new suit if he .<.:iw hiiu go around a corner. the other said he could fit him if he saw the corner he went around. Just so with the wocdcock. I have S/.“.(‘l‘l sportsmen fire at the comer the bird went around. and to my nstonldiniciit. go to the other Side r-i-' pick up ihelr bird. Of course 1'. rsc men were well acquainted with the tactics of the woodcock. and giiiriuing for the curve the)’ were tnkiiio. would fire throuzh the hr chcs and thus quite often were succs-ssfiil. So close W111 E woodcock 1.1‘ in dense cover that in rlsiiig from a dog. one actually

. most active.

Explains How Plant Breede

Explains How Plant Breeders "Built Up” Rose King Improved. The All-America Selection Win- ner for I936

Petunia Bose King Improved The new petunia Rose King Im-

takes to

time and careful work it prsduoe a new flower. 'IlhL: new creation was devel- oped Jrom a single flower taken out of a large field because it was

New Petunia Variety Developed From Single Flower

rs “Built Up” Rose King Im-

proved, The All-America Selection Winner For 1936.

‘outstanding. seed was carefully

co‘lected from it. and planted. The next year a few plants were selected from this new group. and the seed saved. After several years of plant- ing and selecting. the new strain of petunia was finaly proved worth

while. Thin year Rose K‘nZ

' his garden. It is a rcse-pink color.

inches ta’l.

The plants have a nice erec

cellent cutting material for grow as easily as other members 0 the large peiunla family. Because of their delicate be grown as pot plants for This is a. fine time of year to plan

prevent crowding. and when seedinglings appear, thin scrupu

get started. and the warm weath er gives them life.

Improved proved is 0, fine example of what was gvm a Special m._,m-Von by me mcdem plant breeders can do With-.A11-Amei~:cii Selections Committee. 0YdlM1’.V ma’-9?iBL and h°W much and can be had by the amateur for

with a. clearness that is at once striking and permanent. The shade is uni- form, and the flowers large. usual- gly 3 inches in diameter. with a love- lly golden throat. They grow to a he ght of about 14 inches, but com- mcnce b'coming when only a few

branching habit. making them ex- bou- quets. Th‘.‘_V are .ree flowering. and‘

color- ing, they should make gocd sub- jects for the window box, or may the porch. or other outdaor situations.

petunia seed directly in the ground. Mix the seed with a little sand to the

lous‘y. They are slow to germinate. but make rapid progress once they

Canadafs 51’,000.000 Acre Pasture Crop

In spite of the importance of pasture. lands throughout the long ages of agricultural progress in the histories of civilized nations, and notwithstanding the fact that pas- ture is the most natural and economical feed for livestock. it is only within recent years the sub- ject has attracted the attention it deserved. Nowadays, the general neglect of pasture lands has been rectified. and within the past few years efficient and hi'ghly-sys- temlzed research has done much to add to human knowledge in the creation, management. and ferti- llzatlon of grasslands with con. current profit to the pastoralist * Pasture is the most important : agricultural crop, and as such re- quires at least as much care as is bestowed on the other commonly i grown field crops. In Canada, pas. I ture land occupies the largest area of any single crop and its care and l culture are enzazing the attention . of all the v.'ii'ioiis a_.,.i rural authorities, and of the farmers l themselves. According to the Dcm- l inion census of 1931, nearly 6.000.- l 000 acres of ratural pasturage in Eastern Canada provided slimmer lfeed for thousands of llvestcck In 3 addition about 7.000.000 acres of 1 improved pastures were being graz- j ed Thus. 24-4 per cent of all farm I land in Eastern Canada during the ‘ summer months of 1931 supplied I

l l

f) E

the feed which produced mutton. Wool. beef. milk and other proudcls of the livestock industry.

Although the three Prairie Pro- ; vinces have become one of the ‘ greatest wheat producing areas of , the world. they still have about i 37.000000 acres of ranize or pasture land supporting many hard; of cm. tie. In British Columbia over l,- 1 250,000 acres are devoted to pas- ture. making for all Canada a total of over 51.000900 acres, or 31 pgr cent of the area of all occupied lands in the Dominion. Nearly six times as much land is devoted to pasture as to hay. and more than twice as many acres are used for pasture than for the growing of wheat

In Eastern Canada and in British Columbia where rainfall is abund- ant. it is now recognized that pas- ture carrvlng one animal to every four or five acres is not doing its

t

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night, but little can be done to benefit them in this direction. Sportsmen account for few of these birds in our land. but they have one very real enemy, the bcmeless cat, yes. and many times the cat with a home. Some two years ago the writer visited a home which was in the vicinity of good woodcock cover. The old cat and two half-grown kittens were enjoying themselves at the front door. No wonder they felt l1aplJY- Nearby were the remains of their breakfast, the wings of two beautiful woodcock. As the

_bird is a ground dweller. scarcely

ever known to alight on a tree. he becomes an easy prey to any prowling cat, and more so as he is such a stupid bird at dusk and dawn, the time when the cat is So if all sportsmen and conservationists wish to pro- tect the wocdcock just go out and shoot the old grey cat that roams the woods and if he be your own pet cat, and you do not wish to kill him put him in a wire pen for the nesting season at least and you will save many birds as we believe more woodcock are killed by him than by all the birds of prey and power lines combined.

Clydesdale Stallion PRINCE ORANGE Reg. No. 26165

Will leave owner‘: stable June 2nd to Robert Frizzle noon, thence to William McDonald. Bonnhaw. over night. through to Mr. Darl.‘s Argyle Shore. Wednesday noon then

Alfred C|meron‘s. Hampton over night. leaving 5th for Owen Mc-

iCanada’s Priceless i l

Canada's national insects is an important "Systematic Entomology." —What is systematic

ads? Everybody knows that tomology is the department of sci- ence dealing with the study of in- sects as rt whole. Fewer people may know that Economic En- tomolozy comprises the practical work in cobating insects which ultimately would ruin the economic welfare of the Dominion. and still fewer are aware that Systematic Entcmnlczy is the basis or founda- tion of all cntomologv, supplying as it clues among other things the dis-

to combat insect havoc on clothing. farm crcps, forests. plants

In Canada alone there are more than 50000 known species of in-

food. and

«sects native to the country. Of that

‘number. 3.000 are classified

such as the lh: Hc.<.=Eaii fly. the srirurc sawlly. and the potato beetle. to name but a few

cizil loss in Canada. rmrls of the world.

to reduce the cconnmic loss minimum.

Miisem of Insects

collection of factor in This statement may evoke the question entomology and what has it to do with Can- en-

criminations necessary upon which

as ‘ destructive enemies. In addition to ths.-*9 3000 enemies, there are im- mlrrnnis which have come to stay. Elll‘O“f‘RI’\ corn borer, European Colorado

Ev.=r_v year the material and finan- as in other is (‘l‘l0l'mfJllS. while all the time the l=?iilomoloiz“.- col Branch. Dominion Department of Aorlciiltiire, is waging incessant warfare against the insect menace to a

maximum work. while on the range land of the Prairie Provinces. al- though ra‘nfall is low. a carryinr: capacity of one aniaml to 40 or 50 acres, which is quite common. is felt to be wasteful of valuable land.

Agriculture institutions in Can- ada are seeking to improve these conditions, and the Dominion Ex- perimental Farms throiighout cm- ada have rpeeded that improve- ment. In Eastern Canada it has been shown that the judicious use of commercial fertilizers increases

‘food develop larger

the productive capacity of pasture. and that controlled grazing has greatly benefited pastures in East- ern Canada. British Columbia .-ind in the Prairie Provinces. At thei ‘Central Experimental Farm. ot-‘ tawa alone. over one hundred acres are. used for investigation and ex- per.ment. Investigations are also carried out at most of the Experi- mental Fnrms while the range pro- _ blems are being studied on a very‘ large scale at the Dominion Range Station at Manyberries, Alberta

Summer Nuisances A of The Household

During the summer season reefs of various kinds that

in- occur

than at other times or the year_ This is especially true of those de- structive moths and carpet beetles which thrive best and develop most rapidly in a moist, warm almos- phere. Furs. woollens, and other fabrics of animal origin may be badly damaged if not properly pro- tected. Valuable furs should be placed in cold storage, or after beating and brushing in the sun-

in dwellings are a greater nuisance’

For Best Results i In Stock Feedingl

That some succulent food is ab- solutely necessary for the best re- sults in stock-raising is a well understood fact by all farmers and on this account unless there is‘ some other crop taking the place of roots they should be droppedi very reluctantly. Corn silage will take the pace of roots very well, but ev;-i where this is secured a' supply of the Latter will be muchf appreciated by the stock and they; will do better than when fed on‘ either alone. I

Roots .ed in connection with‘ other food has a very beneficial; action on the dlgezllve organs ofi cattle. sheep and hogs, and even‘ horses may have a few to advan-i rage. especiaiy carrots. Fed to much cows when under heavyl strain they aid in the digestion offi other foods to the extent that more grain may be given without the same danger of causing troub-. le. It is also claimed by experts that young stock rated on roots with the addition of other suitable vital organs such as the heart, lungs. liver. etc. and for that reason they have a‘ stronger constitution than when fed on other feeds that do not have this effect on these parts. '

Emulsion Spray Protects Onion 'jed=

The onion maggot is the most; serious enemy of onions in Caiiadafli

lit is distributed throughout Can-

ada and attacks onion plants only.‘ About the end of May the mcggui.

flies commence laying their eggs in

the soil at the base of the tiny on-