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H ‘PI-TE, GUARDIAN

FAGE FOUR

TIIE . BllAllLllTTETllWll GUARDIAN

Alomlss; Dolly (Founded in i887) llbllorlled u Second Clan Mail. Pelt Ofltoo Department. Ottawa.

T‘ "OIL Ila A. Burnett; Vice-President. Will. IL Burnett; Seep-Travis, G. M. Burnett; Editor one Ilnlflng Director, J. It. Burnett; Associate Etllwl Frank Walker.

"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than (he Weakest lrilc."

nrciviodvfiucusr7s. rim

Keeping The Record Straight

It is time to be reminded once again that _ our Maritime rights or: constitutional rights, not fhand-outs", and that on‘: of the duties of our oducationists is to keep the younger generation informed on this matt:r. A sod commentary on their failure to perform ‘ills :luty is the fact that we are still largely dcpondznt upon Ontario and Quebec textbooks and that it is the Upper Con- adian views, not Maririine iiews, which are per- listently instilled into our Canozlicn history stu- dents. The result is that not one pupil in a hundlld knows, for example, that prior to Con- federation the commercial rating of the Mari- times was 25 p:rc:nt hIglicr-than that of either Ontario or Quebec; ificit the latter Provinces were then on the vcrge at financial call se and came literally on a bogging mission to t e Char- iottetown Conference i/here the question of Maritime Union was to have been considered; and that by entering inio the larger Confeder- ation we in the Maritime: sarriiiccd our natural trade channels, north anil south, with our weal- thy American neighbors and became almost literolly-—so far as trade an.l industry were con- cerned-Jhe hewers oi‘ wood and drawers of woter for our Central Canadian neighbors ever since.

These and other focis that could be stated do not constitute the whole story, of Course.- there have been tremendous gains as well as losses accruing to us under Confederation; but the current tendency to ignore completely our grievances in the teaching of Canadian history has been of ill service to Maritime interests. lt is time for a change.

These thoughts are suggested by the summary of a spirited address dclvwcred in Halifax recentlv by Hon. A. P. Paterson, former Minister of Education and Municipal Affairs for New Bruns- wick, who has been u life-long champion of Maritime rights and who took this occasion of informing the Nova Scotia Federation of Labor on just what Maritime rights mean.

Mr. Paterson is an authority on the subject. lt might not be a bad idea if one of our local organizations invited iiim to speak over here. There is a surprising lack of knowledge, even among our legislators, about many phases of our constitutional history.

Freedom Ami Responsibility

More and more the Journal, Ottawa, is assuming the position in Canadian journalism correspond- ing to that of the Guardian, Manchester, of sane, independent leadership in the expression of pub- tlic opinion, free from ‘iigh pressure or mass com- pulsion. lt is so easy for sell-seekers and domin- acting personalities to impress themselves and heir o inions on a mixed crowd, even of an in- olligen body like a ri~.~~vspnooi' association, that niess there be a level-hooded member able and willing to think and oci for himself, the members may become like dumb-driven cattle going where the man with tlic wliip or dog herds them. On two recent occosionr, the Journal has with- stood such pressure and expressed the views of seriously thinking, non-herd minded guides of public opinion. Th-o first was with ‘regard to the anti-CBC. agitation, fl1tl now again in connec- tion with the much ouvertized freedom of the Press agitation, largely imported from the Unit- ad States. Here is the Journal's sensible atti- tude:

"Speaking to the Ottawa Rotary Club, Mr. H. L. Garner, vice-president of the Canadian Daily Newspaper Association, came c-ut for an amend- MIDI’ to the llNA Act guaranteeing the freedom of the press.

"Mr. Garner will forgive us for saying that we think that such a stcp would be a bit of in-

dristrious futility; certainly something that isn't at all pressing. "ln this country the freedom of the press,

like freedom of speech and worship, isltaken for granted. We suggest that so long as the press respects its freedom, accepts th-a responsi- bility attachingfio it, no neod there will be for I statute to maintain it. We suggest further that if the time shoiild come when the press no Jonger respects its lrc-cdom, forgets that it in- volves both responsibility and accountability, lhen no statute should maintain it.

"The freedom of the press doesn't exist for the sake of_ the press; it exists for the sake of the people. If the press bears that in mind, un- derstands that its freedom involves responsibility, end also involves accountability, there will be unall danger to it."

Barrie For Tourists -

Out of the first inter-American Tourist Con- gress, convening iii Panama City, has come a suggestion that tourist and immigration proced- um be standardized throughout the Western Hemisphere, that tourist cards be issued in placel of present passports. Tncse cards, it is pro- coed, would be valid for six months and would lsluod by governments on evidence of good behavior, good health, financial solvency and, of ceum, citizenship in tho country issuing them. Such cards would remove tlic necessity for visas, departure permits and other red tape which con- _Ilh preparation fcr u vacation trip outside the ‘ , borders of line's own country a.bit of a headache. ' Tourist Congress asked the Pan American‘ - Alolori to prepare a modal card for distribution

~ any tourist arrangement.

tries, in the present tangled state of Internat- ional affairs, are anxious to relax their control on those who cross their borders. Provision would need to be made to insure that none but bona fide tourists used the cords. But as a moons of facilitating touring, with the exchange of ideas and of dollars that such travel involves, the plan deserves serious uOflildGfuilOlls We are a long wav from one world, but such an arrangement might solidify one hemisphere.

Canada is not a member of. Pan-American Union but undoubtedly should be included in

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.- IEDITORIQL .NOTES —

_..,_ Paris liberated this date I944.

Country schools are already getting into the year's work. Classical scholars have yet some

days of grace.

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More obstacles to international cooperation! Tainazunchale, Mexico, recently had a series of landslides which in addition to wiping out two villages, also closed oft tne Pan-American High- way,

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Canada's unfavorable balance of trade with the U. _S. is growing by leaps and bounds. lf the Dominion does not manage to increase exports very considerably it may find that "austerity" can happen here.

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Egypt, with Russian backing, wants immediate withdiciwal of British lroaps from her soil. She takes the position that the treaty of I936 is now null and void as a result of the breakdown of negotiations for its revision; while Britain takes the view that the treaty is binding until revoked by agreement.

I U U I The one major adjustmeht which has scarce- ly got under way, says The Letter Review, is that of municipal taxation. Toronto has in- creased the tax rate by about four mills and Ottawa by six mills, but few municipalities have yet token aEtion. They will all have to do so. I I I I A Spiv is a cross betucen a goldbrick and a chiseler. One of the characteristics of the Spiv is that he cannot be blamed on any one gov- ernmental or social system. His constant char- acteristic is his deviods -- not to say crooked- way of pursuing his own self-intprest. His Spivic proclivities are always at war with his fellow man's civic activities. I

This dot: is outstanding for the number of eminent litterateurs who died on it through a period of years-Dr. David Hartley, philosopher, (Observations on Man), in l75.7;i Thomas Chat- terton, poet, I770; David Hume, philosopher and historian, I776; James Watt, engineer and in-

ventor, I819; Sir William Herschel, astrononenl , d “me ossmmy and ' - - ir , .vi r E . I i882, and Daniel Stuart, inventor of the modern tent Iriexd absolu ell Wit-h fut’ £32m: 1m be dlsclgumed m any

newspaper press.

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Eternal vigilance is the price of safety in the export of our seed potatoes as in anything else. lt is essential that our product be disease free to retain and expand our markets. Now that South Africa has entered into the potato export field with fresh disease free stock, it is the bounden duty of our growers and agricultural officials to see that any disease that may have found access be eradicated, and our fair name and fame as a disease-free area be maintain- ed. .

The Doukhobor trouble out West is nothing new, being of periodic occurrence. In I933 Prime Minister Mackenzie King had the whole sect disfranchised for refusing to obey the laws of Canada, and engaging in destructive fire raid- ing and nudism. In the same year 53I of them were "doing time" in Piers’ island Penitdntiary off the B. C. coast for successfully defying Fed- erul and Provincial authorities, for burning school houses and parading in the nude. As the result of their incarceration, the Warden reported a great change in attitude had token placeon the part of both female and male prisoners, the women becoming domesticated, and the‘men vol- untarily performing certain work such as black- smitliing, shoemaking and book-binding. Per- haps resort to similar measures of discipline would have corresponding effect in the present outbreak.

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The why of the lnterndtional economic situa- tion. On July I5th, I947, Britain took a signifi- cant step required of her by the Anglo-Ameri- can Ioan agreement. She made her currency (sterling) freely "convertible" for all current transactions. That it anyone gbroad in selling goods or services to Britain, may now request payment in currency that is spendable anywhere. As a result, such on individual is enabled to use the proceeds to buy not merely in sterling area countries, as has been true during the war and post-war periods, but, if he wishes, in other countries where the currency may be dollars, for example. The visible change on July ISth was not startling, inasmuch as payments to Britain's largest suppliers, such us Canada, the United States, and Argentina, have been in hard curren- cy for some time, following agreements signed _with these countries. Tire loans from Canada and the United States have enabled Britain to pay for supplies from these countries, and have made possible, also, the present convertibility programme. Thqloans were calculated to relieve Britain of the dollar prcssure for a few fears so that she could build up her exports on a large scale, and thus make sterling a currency necessary f6r other countries in order to buy from Britain. Within a reasonable time, it is hoped --porliaps fivc years-Britain's exports would be high enough to enable her to maintain for econ- omic position without further dollar support. When that time comes, world trade should be on a much freer basis than it is at present. When Bri'ain raises lier exports to the ultimate levels set (I75% of I938 exports), rho will also be able to expand her imports, which will moan much to

all American notions for their study. _ gt course, difficulties. Few (Milk

tne countries like Canada who depend gn lritaln as a market fgr their gxportg; ,-—-—--"" r

i lintes By The flay

- A fortune is still waiting for ithe mm who can devise some ‘method of storing our surplus Au:- , ust- heist and releasing it in umller ‘quantities over the long cold .months ahesrL-‘Ibronto Globe and Mall.

The United States automotive lu- dustry would be wrong to under- estimate their British rivals. The American genius at. mess-produc- tion methods is going to run into i the high British standards of craft.- manship and engineering skill. It will be e tidy battle when it starts-Cornwall standard-hee- holder.

II-ioldtngs of Canadian

Power For The People =- l i I

February of this year brought, the next-to-last. important step in gaining control of Saskntche-l mo‘: power faculties, when the. Utilities Limited in the province, exclusive of those at Lloydminster, were purchased for $3,800,000. This ud- ded 2i generating units, 3t com- munities. and 410 miles of trans- mission lines serving 11.147 new customers, to the Power Commits-l BPOD system.

At the some time. the third rate reduction was announced, bringing rates down to nine cents per kilowatt fiblll’ for the first. block of current, a marked con- trast from the earlier high of 15 cents per kilowatt hour which

Cancellation of 20 driving lic- cnces in London by the M1nlster| of Highways for violation of traf- fic lows, may induce other neglig- ent. motorists to observe the lnw more carefully than they do. Those who had their licences revoked ,had been guilty of being involved iin an accident after falling to ob- serve a through-street. stop, after failure to heed a traffic signal, making improper turns, having de- fective brakes. and overcrowding

prevailed during the private oom- peny era, and which applied also to the Commission system. Con, responding rate reductions were.‘ iffccted whlcl. benefitted nearly all types of users.

Together with the rate reduc- tion. the Commission announced a plan by which cities and towns could be recnmpcnsed for loss in tax revenue resulting from pur-, chase of private power companies

the front. seat. of the car. The Minister's action was taken un- der amendments in the Highway! Traffic Act which became effeo-| tlve July 1. _ London Free Press.

Many phottgraphs of ller Ml- jesty the Queen have recently been published in connection with her birthday. They stress anew one of her characteristics. is acutely camera-conscious. This does not mean that she seeks publicity. She must often beoome weary of’ banging floshbulibs and clicking shutters. But she has both good sense and a keen rip- prectation of her duty to her sub- jects. She knows that photo- graphs of her are demanded, so she sees to it that. they are the best. um. can be had. _ Windsor Star.

Many folks still have feith in the age-old belief that it. is a forerunner of good luck to hear a cricket chirping in the house in the summer. But this has been nullified by the department of agriculture, as e result. of studies which show ‘that the cricket eats its own weight in food in eighteen l hours, says The Boston Poet. And much of tne damage to carpets blamed on moths has in reality

been done by crickets. so house- wives have another problem now, to “keep the crickets out. in the open where. they belong. '

To the list of overworked words. periodically and playfully- guyed by "Miscellany", there might. (writes "B.") be added our insis-

lmpartlulity things are absolutely awful, absolutely bguutlful, ab- solutely this, that. and the other, but not until recently hed I seen this working-overtime word used rm a public notice. In the door- way of some business premises in Manchester there threatens the would-or: offender: Absolutely no smoking. What. fiendish fate awaits the men who forget-s to pocket. his pipe or "dlmp' his cigarette in time is not indicated. But. it. must surely he something unspeakable— absolutely-Manchester Guardian.

There are years of expensive training before u young man can become a fully qualified doctor. Thousands of our youths are near- ing completion of that training. Any importation of European doc- tors on e. large scale now would tend b0 block of! the opportun- lies of our own boys who will be ready in a year or two. For the next five years. in fact. there will be large numbers of new Cane- dieri doctors completing their train- ing each spring. We owe them the fullest opportunity rind we may be sure they will take aci- vantpge of 12.-St. Catharlncs Sten- dard.

A rural informant reveals that sunflowers are planted around the edge of turkey-runs to keep the birds from flying over the fence. The seeds ere enten—but that is of secondary importance. Unlike their wild ancestors, modern do- mestic turkeya cannot. attain great. altitudes in flight. They're too heavy. But they can and do ‘fly over s six-foot fence. The ex- pense of lo or 12-foot. fences has now been found unnecessary. Just plant sunflowers along the inside of en ordinary low fence. As the turkeys grow. so do the sunflow- ers. By the time the turkeys can fly, the sunflowers have reached their full height or 10 or l2 feet. Flexing his primary wing mus- cles. e gobble:- eyes the distant world of unknown delights and prepares for the takeoff. Then he sees the close-standing ranks of tall sentinela. and changes his mind. He hasn't. sense enough to know he could thrash right. through the sunflowers and escape. - Cul- gsry Albcrten.

Si: years ego e Cleveland bul- lneu mun went. to state peniten- tiary for ltitomobii manslaughter. his auto hevlnl killed n young cyclist. The business men fled from the Accident, but was caught by the police. In addition to go- ing to prison, lie peid out. $01,000 in damages tn civil suite. two other boys having been injured in the sum! accident. He served months and came out of when, one would suppose a llddll’ and wiser men. But just the other day he was arrested llllllhdlllj- ed with having driven ewey with his lights turned out utter his our rift and critically injured a pedes- trian. Wouldn't you think that such u msri would give up drivfnr- for life? On the evidence. it seems fairly clear that he has precious-

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rfttiii bualnels behind e steerins wheel-Guelph Mercury. l

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by the Commission. I o o o ,

Looking to the future develop- ment of electrical energy genera-I tion end transmission, several factors present themselves for fl- nal consideration in relation to, the Saskatchewan Power Com- mission: the ultimate method of generating power; and what form rural electrification may take in an agricultural province like Sas- katchewan.

Indications point to the genera- tion of more and more power in the Estevan coal fields, and its distribution to a large area in the south and east portions of the province. As hes been described. this development. is already well under way.

Development. of gas fields nt Unity and Lloydmlnster m" on- ceivably lead to extensive vcr generation .‘.ri that. area, w en- ergy being distributed thro‘ out

the north and west sections.

These two developments would result in iowrr cost. energy to con- gllmers, provided the demand for line extensiozs to remote areas ooes nor. unset the balance, and may form the basis of Commis- sion activity for some years to come. Installation of a 500 h-P- natural cos keneratinll "n" l" Unity, Wlfih operation expected to begin during the current year, bears out this possibility, This is llie first engine of its type in Western Canaan. '

On the other hand. l! Present plans for irrigating the nrcv. od- jacent to Liir- Saskatchewan River, nbove Elbow should materialize reasonably soon, erection of a hy- dro protect. or the clam site be-

conslderarion of future power ben- orstlon. Scrapping of expensive cqulpmerit now carrying the gen- grgflng road would have to be carefully considered in the light. of this possibility. '

In any everii. it should definite- ‘y be borne in mind that. the dis-l trlbutlon of electrical energy works on the same principle as the dis-l iribution of water. Only a certain amount of Wsbef" can pass through n given size of pipe, and a cer- tain size pump can only deliver so much water. It is impossible to keep adding extensions to the sys- tem without first increasing the capacity of the pump which sup- plies the pressure and increasing the size of the trunk water lines. So it is with the Power Commis- slon.

When If. 1"; Berry assumed chairmanship of the Commission. he realized that before any greet extension of service was possible the capacity of the base plants would have ro be increased, and he immediately set. about. that. task. Generating units _t.hrough- out. the province were stepped up, and the capacities of the Saska- toon, Prince Albert. and Estevan plants were greatly increased.

"The object. icsson of the On- torio Hydro sytcm, which let its line extensions get. far ahead of its neneratlng facilities. stands as a warning to Saskatchewan Pow- rr Commission officials." says Mr. Phelps,

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The whole question of rural el- ectrification in Saskatchewan, with its attendant thorny problem of long transmission distances and very sparse settlement, is now being studied by a committee set. up by tlic legislature. The Power Commission has also engaged Pro- fessor D. Cass-Degas, Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineer- ing at. the University of Toronto. to devote a few months to the study rind investigation of the problem. Those reports may be expected wl.tiin u matter of months, and should give some lnaicntion of methods which would prove practical in distributing power to farm homes. Judging from the experiences of other countries which have had to grep- ple with the problem of rural electrification and comparing Bukntchewelfii oversee of one potential subscriber per mile with the minimum of three customers per mile in Ontario and the two-

ger-inile minimum adopted in Manitoba, it ensemble to expect that some arm of

government subsidy might. be ro- aulreif in any rural electrification