' competent assistalits.

PAGE "rot:-it

increasedtomakethegoodofficesofthe World Bank effgctive in settling the Iran-

' iian oil dispute with respect for Britain's 4"W'”"" " 5””l''''' c"''' "'” "ll" ""'" 'contribution there as well as Iran's sov- ereignty. To Britain and every partner in the free world let us extend freer oppor- Presldent and Auoclato I'4'lHIDl'. Ian A. iiurnell-. tunities to sell us goods we can use; 13; ,us at last abolish the customs red tape that UIBCIJLATION ihampers imports. In short, let us take ev-

--cm-en Prince Edward Island like the dew" .ery opportunity to help build strength into .the British economy'and to draw strength

Department. '0ttawa. The Illlnll UIJIHIIIII I'ItlIlIlhllu C0.

Aaaoclato Editor. Frank Waller.

"The Strongest Memory is Weulm "Ion lfrom it and its sterling area pai.meI.sIn

the Weakest Ink". V I '-t:;.rRl:o7'r'rr:i"oivN, 'IUESDAl'Tl-Tl.-2AllT26.--IS:-'.i-d l l' DI FUR IAL NUI ES The Foufth Shrove Tuesday. i O C C ' When Berlin fell in 1945 and the uttori L011! bCSIillS l0m0l'l'0W- g collapse of Hitler's Third Reich was assur-i ' ' ' ed. it became fashionable to assume that Di-was are the order of the day for "Y",

Germany was no longer a factor to be reck- for Musical Festival, for Scouts, for Cath-'

oned with in the councils of Europe. The olic social service,

partition of Germany, accomplished by (in -i an o :-

lomatic subtlety at Yalta and made a fact; The fii.si meeting of the new city com. by the presence ”f SOVM fmces 1” cil tonight, postponed from Friday, will overwhelming strength hovering on the find mat iiierc remain many Did pmbiems threshold of a war-weary western Europe. io soiu, as M.” as iiieniy of difficult new

, gave substance to the illusion that a nation onesi

as well as a regime had vanished from the , ., .

5ce"e' ! More and appreciated bursaries and

Chancellor Konrad Adenauer of Wost- Sciioiaisiiips (Oi. P. W. C” which has now crn Germany has effectively dispelled any uiso been piacod on a ievci with mainiand such illusion. The decision of Herr Adcn-- uiiiimsiiics for grams and ioans for third auer to set definite terms for German par- and fourth year students. we are moving ticipation in a six-nation European army ahead. makes it clear that the Fourth Reich noi . . , longer exists merely on paper, but rather that it is a political reality to be reckoned with in the council chambers of the west-

Quebcc and Newfoundland are bom- .barding Parliament with divorce petitions, . ihaving no divorce courts of their own. But: em dem0crac1e5' i i the C. C. F. party has intimated they will,

German demand5 35 3 Colldluofl plifbon principle, hold up all such petitions as ccdent to full co-operation within t eiiomi, as possibici framework of Eisenhower's plans for thei ,, . . do-f9;"Ce of the Wesi are blunt 3'"? "PW The decision of the Atlantic allies to e:uwoCa1'F l?hancei1)l0riAdefnaug askinlhig give General Eisenhower a one-uniform t ings. u mem el'Sllp or crma J 3

army is most important and effective but

the Nmth Atlantic Treaty Organizaztimlit means the beginning of the multitude of

gm! 3 s(:'tiSfaCto:13.I seimengentt ?if1 reS:a:rCcntipl'oblems of co-ordination rather than their ranco- erman lspu e a ou c . soiuiioni

It would bc- indeed a tragic pa1'11d0XI o o e we? ifheaanciem tfeud bCh;iCel:xti1.eiieI:ei:1E:::l Down south they are ”enjo.l.ing" weath. an t e ermans o prove ie -on i

i r , , :er the exact reverse of our own. Drench- Of Westegn 5eC”;"g;' Xet lit lsithe Fgecnacgl ins rain ”has recently brought some relief who, un erstan a y enoug 1. lave c ,.'-

lto drought-parched grazing lands in New

loned Chailcclilor i3dClQ1:l”'3”'5 dcciiii?" ugzisouth Wales, checking brush tires which ask iVh3.t it") 135 OF erman par iClDa

i i ihave claimed 17 lives and caused more in Eisenhowers forces. The French hayelthan S22'000y000 damage in the iast two consistently opposed German rearmament. momhsi

French diplomacy in recent weeks has skill- . . . fully created the impression in Germany

. Imports from the U. K. during 1951 and elsewhere that separation of the Saarit t H d 1 3421000000 1 1. hti from the Fourth Reich and permanent an-i O a e on y i ' ' up my Sig

, . . . i f S404,200,000 '1) l9'0. Ex orts to nexatlon Offilc Strategic ingusgnfiligzigngzfthc ri)II.nilx'. increased tlo 5S6g5.800.0(l))0 from Frfmce is t” be the .""i” . 0 f Gmmm ls472,5o0,0o0, resulting in a surplus in Can- riluld prio 2:90 f;EWt::Sl:E;:,mn 0 :ada's favor of fl3214,700.00(). compared with roops n lscn ' -

'only ss6s,3oo,oo0 in 1950. The French are fully aware of the un-it . . .

likelihood of the Germans acceding to such.

1 b kin an issue of ihr , There is no such a designation as ”King gemangi? TmS' ytmi; V5 guccecded 'ir'ilConsort" as suggested by a London news- aar, ey appear 0 1a' .

. . . , . 1 er. The only title to which the Queen's b10Ct:i”E the det”r"g:f;:::y”:nt;'”i::i::A:3 iiigband is entitled is the Duke of Edin- par ers 0 rearm ' '

i . 1-burgh, though later he may be given that Mthm "19 framework of European defenceiof Prince Consort, as Victoria gave to the

plans' . "Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Against the background of such all im-. ii . .

passel zolgne (Ef ancjerit sr:,ti:St' S5225:-iEiif(-i)iri Conservative supporters of the Churchill 9. unite ron agalns .. I

. . overnment are be innin to find that in- Eumpe appear far from pmmlslng-amt .thei.g:rfe1'cnce with thcglaboir Party's health mcreased commnment of another fwe X-ifgvsocialization plans is not popular, and pres- med mime" d”1.1”5 by Caimda to. N - sure is being brought on the powers-that- 9- f”m9iexpe”d1ture' It '5 Sltuatij? :be to keep 'their hands off. Something for from which Egfgggozut the Russlans can inothing in the way of health has a strong rive any sa -

lappeal at a by--or any othere-election. Y.M.0.A. campaign)

0 O I The resignation of Britain's boss of the The general maintenance campaign for the Y. M. C. A. opens today, and from tlic

favorable response received by the speciali names committee, should prove very sue-.

cessful. The splendid work carried on by: the "Y" is known to all our citizens. activities are being broadened continually, and now embrace daily and nightly pro- .grammes of a wide variety of interest, not.

lhave been necessary in any case. . l 0 I O

The astonishing list of matters which

only to chiidmn of school age but to coi.lQuebec's Solicitor-General proposes should i lege students and adults as well. The work the Pmvincial

i supervised very capably by Mr F.-ediindicate that agreement on a' constitution in . - ' i

Gamble; the general secretary.

Th facilities now provided by the or. settled on, without going into the subject ganizai:i'e on are creditable to any commlllt-imaitef Of POSSW9 3m9"dm9m5- ity, and it is hoped that public supporti ' ' '

' hi h has been generous in the past, will; The new two and three-eighth minimum Equally so on this occasion. The can-'for lobsters by carapice measurement, back

Vac will be in progress for one week, and 'of eye socket to end of body shell, is can- the comrnitteeo are all giving of their time sidered equivalent to the former overall

andliefforta voluntarily. ' .b 3"” ".3. co...” larger limit for lobsters market there, re- cently increased from three and three-sue

l "rho 'United States has everything to teenth to three and one-quarter inches.

to Island waters. Massachuae to has a

ilnisecurity and prosperity through ' ' '

being strong. Reason therefore to Sir Christopher Wren. English lPCh' jg"... good sense of a recent New York ltect, (died this date 1723. He first studied ' l Tribune editorial which was addrcs- astronomy but at the age of thirty turned ' vtliesitlnltea States in the following to architecture becoming assistant and then i so if T successor to Sir John Denhem, the sur-

- press for a mutually beneficial veyor-general. His planlforlaylnc out Lon- t for acquiring tin don after the Great Fire was not adopt- .. elmrlngaflowetflnnmxmemmlndlvldualhmdinpwem priced additional designed by him. Wl-en's masterpiece in

kiuin. Let our effort: be St. Paul's Cathedral.

THE GUARDIAN. CIHIA R' .()TTF.T()lVN

ii-1.3':Uw.'i' 2... .9-

Hard Words

EM- A LEADING slzmsu Acelcuuuentisr, ul6It16 GIIEATER not-is Peooucrlou. SYAYES Tunas: is A n.eAl...oAueen. or "Aom'Eln'rv” as-we ae- nuceo BY "bowlonlewr Polvrrtouvl

JH

PUBLIC FORUM

This column In open to the dlacuulon by wu oponrlents of questions of interest. The Guardian doeo not necessar- the opinion of

SOBERING REFLECTION

Sir.-I wonder just how many of us are amazed when by released statistics we are

speeding as fast as the wheels of time can carry her toward a mark where we shall' soon identify our- selves as a nation of lnebrlates. that our present current consumption of liquor is approximately 180,000,000 gallons per year, and that it is estimated that we are spending more than 51,600,000 1: day in

when one considers the stagger- ing toll involved. not wasted wealth, but wasted lives. One doesn't have to live in our larger cities or travel extensively to testify to the fact that liquor with its aftermath is one of man's Any number of illustrations could he prove it, right at our own back-

It doesn't matter whether booze comes from a fancy bottle taken from the cellar of a man of distinction, or from the steam- ing stills of a bootleggcr. the re- sults are the same, a moral and spiritual decline.

I once sailed the high seas as a seamen in the foreign trade. Dur- lng these years young men in their teens could be classed Life for them meant nothing more than fl liquor, or shaving lotion, nnything to try and satisfy the

Now I am convinced that of the gravest sins of todlly indifference. and surely our preach to the liquor problem By our rmodcl-ate drinklnz. our silence on the ques- tion. and our lack of concrete sup- port of the things that fight this evil. we aubscribe to this ever- lncl-eallng curse.

The -liquor business has grown into a huge. ugly, poisonous tree thai. spread: its attractive branches How many souls found to their sorrow and the sorrow of others, that there is no shelter, latlafactlon or peace in

steel industry, Mr. Steven Hardie, is not isurprising after his comment that the new Government would not be able to d:;- nationalize steel as promised. The imme - 'iate cause of his resignation had to deal b''"'""' "" "M" "M M" W

said on one occasion: also the axe is laid unto the root - of the trees: therefore every tree whlch brlngeth not fruit in hewn down llnd cast into

The .with prices but the parting would probably

Thin corrupt tree has ll large enough for all to gather around it. are enough axe: Have we a chip to show? I am. Sir. etc..

ANGUS U. BROWN.

matters . would seem to

and mglis many years in the future. Fortunately i l 3the machinery for amendment can be

RUIIAL YOUTH EXODUS Sir.-One of your Public Forum

thoughtful thing: about aome,of the originating impulse: the movement of rural youth the town: and cities.

I concur in the idea that "the craving for adventure" in ent In the nature of these young folk. On the other hand

not agree with the thought pl-cued time: "1 do not think that meagre or ml'i1tTlilenelel in-turns are chief ceuae of the exodus." In the first place, rural youth are being increasing- ly made aware of the fact that the farm dollar call: for from 50 to 100 per cent more labor energy than the city dollar. I do not be- lieve we should be unduly prlaed that -this "economic differ- ential" II one of the bulc cause: behind the "ieatlouneu" to which

mensurementuof seven inches which applied

i Canada's First Newspaper

By Wilf Keaterton

elected Lord Mayor Canada's newspaper history began. London. that a bill for the en- It had its start when John Bush- couragement of the ell published the first issue of "Potashes the Halifax Gazette in the prov- America had been given ince of Nova Scotla. assent,

The earliest journal to appear Bridge: had conducted a aucceas- In what subsequently became ful experiment on how to. prevent Canada was a modest and unspel:- worms tacular forerunner of the modern bottoms of lliips.

Two hundred years ago Sunday been

large and widcly-circulated daily.

distributed, at 20 shillings a year, died.

style of capitalized nouns. On when

can

after the founding of Halifax, it might haven been expected to re- fleet the daily life of the pioneer community. it did nothing of the sort. With his. slow printing methods, Busholl could not hope to compete with word-of-mouth rcportage of local news, sci he filled his weekly with outdutcd foreign exchanges from United States and Europe. Painfully old though such items were, they were enough to readers cut off by

thrust

in September of the previous year.

"the good earth". If this latter happens at nil. 30

deglanmrizing the one-time lit- tractlvc city lights in the eyes of farm-trnlned youth (who will he 30 fortunlitc if still young!) tend-

their childhood. and the bright green of the spring and the gold

the street?

into its own. The tlliera of the lay an to what price they will organizing all over the Domin- ion." Yes. air, this latter seems a fair deal, rural leadership. Vic-

! am,

YOIIP &l1'IIDOIIdIliI VCYY properly

"meagre or smell

were not at the

from eating hole: in the

A single copy of a current Sunday Human interest items also found New York Times would have furn- their way into the first luue of ished enough newsprint to carry the tiny paper. When the Prince the entire press run of the of Walea'a confectloner had taken pioneer paper for six weeks. ill, it was reported. 1:

Printed on both sides of A half poison had been given him by sheet of foolscap. nine by 15 mistake instead of inches in size. the Gazette was medicine. and the poor man had

to 72 subscribers. Its two-column In Hoibumi M uiomgr "mung P880 made use 01' "19 01d435h' ran, a gentleman had saved an toned long "5" and the Germanic appremice "he very -officiously inter- either side of its nameplate were posed his endeavour, to appeue two woodcuts, one of a sailing me exaspemud mobgv ship and 1119 0lhEl' 01 R mwi" cued man repaid his benefactor hunting game. It had no stream- by ,gbbing the gentleman of 01' OF MW! hE3d”nP5- shillings, three new Illk handker- ehiefs. hil hat and cane.

393"" 1955 ma" 'h'."' years Editorial comment was injected into the news story in a manner modern editors would frown on when Bushell wrote: ungrateful Behaviour verifies the old Proverb. 'Save a Thief from the Gallows and hell cut your Throut,' it is hoped that it will be a Warning to Gentlemen not to

Mobs. where, though their Purses escape, they seldom come off with- out some Damage." communication difficulties from ATl0”1" TWWI "db" T915195 h0W more settled parts of the world. 5 cl"3"'9i Maw?!" The first news story in that "9WiYW9dl first issue of March 23. 1752, told when the bride had taken lauda- how a lunatic had thrown a stone ""1" '0 4110 Wm! "19 WON"? "Duly at the Pope's head as His Holiness and Obeditlwei TM! Sill" Hid In .. had been proceeding to n Qulrlnal dl!DUi0l-

had ended tragically

An historic but l0-month-late Somelhlnlz of th9'rilzorouu dis- nnnounccmcnt. advised that on l.vlu,v clpllnc of the times is indicated 13. 1751. an act had been passed In BuIhelI'I tart comment on an- "Correcting the Kalenllar now in other exchange: "They write from ii”; to extend to ,1" His Mai. Copenhagen That, on the Occasion csty's domlnlons." The correction of the Death of the Queen of Den- referred to was, of course, Brit- NIHTR. hll Dlinilh Mlle!!! hll il- aln's overdue adoption of the -Wed Ill E15103. 10l'biddihK 101' B Gregorian Ca-,..,diii.. Whole Year. all Pluyl. Balls, Op-

There was an-2 llic inlclligcncc eras. Concertos. Gm - . . Heaven that Thomas Wlntcrhottom had DFHCVVO US from lllch MOIIPMHK. -e----&-e--e would lend at least iilght fromt the agtrlcuilurzlgtfrifmlit, iiiilt at our. any. polite Gentry to

0('L'llFS 0 me 0 SUSS. C I'BVE.' we should occasionally hear of in The iii." number of the movement. from the pavements lo Hue Contained "nee mode” mig the intrinsic merits in he found in Veninmeiiui 1-hue mid of ieni rural living and direct contact with servic", property for Iale. later Jolhua Manger was to ad-

""' M 1'” bee" able '9. Observe vertlae the tale of Negro Iluvel this rural-urban scene. it in strict- in Major Lockmavn "uni

ly limited In depression periods. ciuded were 1:. wom." pad 25; two boys and 12 and 13 aspect- lvely: two of 18: and a men of

which

'-As well as depending on adver- 3 W 9 "W mm! ”C"'” M tlslng revenue, Buahell looked the government to help him fl- nencc his newspaper. M "'9 '""V””-"5 0” M” U"' semi-official publication, since ""P'03""c'" '1”"d5' ” m" be "" publluhod civil and religious reg- ihc "rsi ”m'- 0" ""3 c"''"" M ulatlonl. proclamation: of war and peace, old

So, therefore, heartily I support menu. your correspondentuln conciudlnlz. Th: H.i".x as he does. that: . . . the but printed M. iii. mu. which

adventure. can be found near been und for The 30"". New. .homt-. I-llrmlnz is just coming” Len". Norm Amoriua. newspaper. Jonathan Green loll from now on will have more yminlen an of ii" Now Eiuilnd

bll ti ' get for their toll. We know this, grougt oizum H.m.x' bin ii. ii. b'”"" W” ”" m” -V"""' me" died before he could Join Bullet In the new e:ItC:'Dl'.il!.

to me to he an authentic note of Ti" cue”. did not Mi" fortune to its owner. Rather too toryl Sir M ' fond of the bottle. and conailaviitly ' prolecuted for hIa- many e to. PR"”mE'B0RN' Bunheli was barely able to make ”"'””TITTT a living. He added to his salary 00-tent-401-c by gun. 5.1, ,.inu,.., . ' down employee expo In; his daughter, -- become an expert , alt when he died In Janna . 1761. to-ea.-Q-wc-co-Q-com he was able to leave behind only at week and tonelua Journal. Tlluu nu-, heavens and the rep): took Anthony Henry and MI euc- were flnlahcvl, and all the bout of center: to give it character and them . . . But there went up a power before In the accord place, if Inlet from the earth. and watered the IIIDOHOP ammunition up In the whole face of this ground. And tile city. to move away from the the Lon; God formed men of the rc-ldmt of the ground. and breatlml turns" clieracterlstic of rural life. into his nostrils the breath of life; thls'amf man brcanm a living soul.

competitive newlpapor field become the official but the honor of the pioneer editor of Canada'- plonccr newspaper John Bulhell.

Offlll.

discussed ever since man first die-

words with distinct meanings.

As one faces the question now at the beginning of the second half of the twentieth century or. to

perplexing as it must have appear- ed to observers. say. in the first decade of the Christian are, or even long before that in the un- folding days of the first known civilization. Nor is the answer easier to find now than it. was then.

You can read everything bear- ing on the subject within reach. You can consult eminent moral theologians. psychologists, histor- ians, psychiatrists. men of science. and man of piety, but you will not find any appreciable measure of aneoment.

O I 0

The out and out hunilmlst com- mitted to the doctrine of inevit- able moral progress, wul. of course. say "yes." In this view man is climbing slowly but steadily up- ward toward the stars. Each gen- eration in better and wiser than the preceding one. To be sure. re- trogeetions occur from time to time, but they are mere incidents.

ture they add impetus to man's moral and ethical advancement. some day men will achieve ful- nen of suture. Only two things are needful -- both of which may be counted on-time, and a wider diffusion of knowledge. Man is the arbiter of his own destiny.

This view was much the fashion in the intellectually easy going days of the last. century and right up to the beginning of the First World War. Since then it has re- ceived a. series of rude shocks. in consequence of which it has lost much of its former glory. It is still. however, a doctrine to be reckoned with.

I I I On the other extreme side. on- posed to the humanlsts and all their works. are those who slay "no" just. as emphatically as the others say "yes." This group, quite a sizable one, too, maintains that the heart of man is desperate- ly and unchangeably wicked. Even if he wanted to. in his own selfish interests, he cannot. of himself, rio' anything to improve his lot. He is. 'del-lng all things. getting worse and worse. Anything he may seem to achieve in a moral sense is actually it delusion and it snare. 0 I 0

Perhaps the right answer. if there be one. lies somewhere in between. It is certain that the doctrine of inevitable progress has lost. much of the appeal it used to have. It is equally certain that knowledge itself is not a source of moral power. If man could be saved by what he knows, his fut- uretwould indeed be secure. In fact, already he would have climb- ed the highest mountain. Actually. it. would seem as if the more knowledge there is abroad ill the world the closer the human fam- ily comes to self-destruction Far from much probability of society's being able to go on to perfection morally Guild" ethically speaking. it will be at miracle if it can survive at all. at least. in any sense fam- lllar to us.