THE GUARDIAN’

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Summerside, Montague Mail

an :1 by

"The strongest memory‘lri—wesku than the weakest. Ink."

The Real Bar

Many explanations are offered for Can- ada’s failing as yet to take into her own hands the full responsibility of amending; her own constitution. The practice of re- questing the Parliament at \\'estniinstei' to make changes which are not wholly with- in either Federal or Provincial fields is a source of embarrassment to that body. It must legislate blindly and unthinkingly at the request of the Canadian Government. The circumstances behind the Canadian Government’: request it cannot even en- quire into.

An internal method of constitutional amendment, however, would mean a very great change in the seat of power in this countr_v. At the present time the Senate can prevent the passing of any legisla- tion, including constitutional Bills, for an unlimited period. The Prime Minister, how- ever, has the whip hand in the knowledge that in such an eventuality he might asl: the British Parliament to amend the Brit- ish North America Act abolishing the Sen- ate. Presumably when a procedure for amendment is formally adopted it will in- clude passage by both houses together with some form of expression of Pl‘0\'lllCla'. opinion.

The net result would be that the Sen- ate could no longer be abolished without its ovm consent. It would be by far the most powerful part of the constitution, never having to face election, and being in- dependent of any majority in the House of Commons._

Short of abolition. the answer lies In limiting the period for which the Upper House can hold up legislation. A brief per- iod would be appropriate for monetary measures, a longer one perhaps in the case of constitutional change.

With such an express limit on its pow- ers the Senate could afford to be far more active than it has been in the past. it is much safer to exercise clearly defined and limited powers than to sho\v the slightest inclination to make use of unlimited power.

—

June llays

Regardless of the weather, which is nev- er as bad as sometimes it is reputed to be, June speaks of Summer, of green leaves, and of growth. In the fields grain already has com_e to life; in the meadows Nature has spread her carpet of green in honour of her many guests, and the gambolling lambkins are making the best of it. The swallows, masters of the art of nest-build- ing, are busy making new homes in the eaves; the voice of the Robin is heard at morning and at eventidc, singing its mcrr_v way through a bright new world; the little Yellowhammer flils timidly, but with glad- ness in its heart, among the fresh apple blossoms, thankful to be alive, confident in its little hymns of praise. On the lawns and by the roadside the perennials already have rcasscrlcd their right to places in God's good earth: soon. very soon, the an- nuals. arrayed more gorgeously than Solo- mon in all his glory, will be unveiling pic- tures of wondrous beauty and grace.

In the world which man himself has fashioned—the world of hrick and stone, of politics and science. of little wars and un- certain pacts of peacc—-there is fear, amounting at times to terror. Loud Babel- like voices are heard from pole to pole: no one can say, because no one knows. what new danger or new tragedy tomorrov: or next week or next month will bring forth. In that other world, that of Nature. over which anger and malice and the iron hand have no dominion. there is peace—not of inactivity and rest but of work and growth. The soft voices from tree and meadow and bower proclaim that the earth is the Lords and the fullness tlicreof.

Not all the days of June are perfect days; for Nature, even at her best. is not averse to change and the inconstant way. But, at least, they are days—all of them-— when man, if he will. can lift. his head ii little higher than he is wont to do. because he sees all around him a peace and glory which his own created world did not give and cannot take away.

in letter gonna»

This spring the Federal Government finds itself with accumulated stocks of but- ter amounting to 33 million pounds which itisnowofferingtothetrsdestfll/2 ' qr-poonil~leso than eoot._ The policy

»' -» criticism in some quarters, on diet the transaction, including

carrying charges, represents a loss of over $1,000,000. This amount, however, notes the Ottawa Citizen, must be considered in

price support program for butter. icy was designed to achieve reasonably stable prices for an important food product, for consumers as well as for producers. In

The effect has been to narrow ihe spread between summer and winter butter values. The farmer is assured of a floor price (at present 58 cents a pound, basis Toronto and Montreal). set for two years at a time. The consumer has not been obliged to pay famine prices in winter.

“As a result," says The Citizen, “and in spite of the difficulties caused to the butter industry by the stiff competition of margarine in recent years, the situation seems fairly tolerable. It has not got out

centive rather than support prices prevailed. thereby causing the accumula- tion of large surpluses. Butter production in this country is hardly out of line, having regard to the expanding population. The government's stockpile of 33 million pounds is not an extraordinary amount, for it rep- resents only six weeks’ normal consump- tion."

West German Recovery

There are many reports about the economic recovery of Western Germany, the extent of West German exports, and the prosperity of West German communi- ties. It would also be interesting, says the Montreal Gazette, to know what the West German people themselves think about it. Do they share this widely-held view of their country's prosperity, in the midst of a Eu- rope that suffers much from economic un- certainty and hardship?

Surveys have been recently conducted in West Germany by the Institute for Demoscopy——the equivalent of the opinion polls of North America. The question ask- ed ln this survey was: “If you compared your present-day situation with the one you were in last year, would you say that you are better off than you were one year ago, or worse off, or would you say that there is no difference?” The results of the survey show that very few people think they are worse off, whereas there is a substantial increase in the number who are convinced that they are better off. The number who can see no difference has dropped.

The important feature of this survey is that it was based upon a sampling of the entire population of West Germany. The sense of improvement goes far to explain why West Germany is not weakened by the feeling of economic hopelessness and futil- ity that seems to characterize some of its neighbors.

EDITORIAL NOTES

There are some changes which require a revolution to accomplish. It may be that the Communists will succeed in their efforts to substitute a phonetic alphabet for the syllables and word signs in use and which are so numerous that it is almost unheard of for a scholar to know them all.

Even Dick Whittington's cat has not escaped the researchers of this prying age The P. I.. -A. Monthly, magazine of the Port of London Authority. notes that the famous collector of duties and four times mayor is thought to have come by part of his fortune by shipping coal to London in a type of vessel known as a cat.

Primary producers may soon lile asked to foot the bill to an even greater extent for Canadian industry. The president of the Canadian Electrical Manufacturers As- sociation states bluntly that: “It is my con- sidered opinion that we face the choice of either altering our trade policies or of re- vcrting to something approaching a 5') cents per hour economy."

Canada welcomes Emperor Haile Selas- sie at a time when his appearance in the news is uncomfortably reminiscent of the conquest of Ethiopia. That example of nations standing aside while it smaller one was subjected to aggression undoubtedly was an important factor in encouraging the other acts of aggression that led to the Second World War.

0 O I

Sir Edgar Elgar, British composer, was born this date 1857. Practically self- taught, he spent his early years at teach- ing but became one of the most widely known of English composers. “Land of Hope and Glory", for instance is part of his two military marches "Pomp and Cir- cumstances” and the “Coronation Ode." The best of his choral work is his setting of Newman’: "Dream of Gerontius" and his "Introduction and Allegro" for strings ranks as one of the great violin concertos. His favourite direction was "nobiimente" and it well dqcrlbu his undo. 9 '

relation to the undoubted benefits of the- The pol- '

this it has, on the whole, been successful. .

of hand as in the United States, where in- t have ;

rtlvel.

7 . I I I I

..

They Really Ought To Have One

_0R%!5?sA;zzrz.x.szk-

PUBLIC FORUM

this column in open to the discussion by correspondents of questions of interest The Guardian does not necessar- lly endorse the opinion of correspondents.

WAGE EARNERF RATES

Sii-,—In P. E. I. the majority of workmen are wage earners. That is, they earn and receive a prev- alent wage rate rather than a weekly or monthly salary. They are usually paid by the hour for the ntunber of hours actually worked, and if they are employed on outside construction, hence work and pay may cease should it rain. This rate of pay is usually based. by an employer. on the rate his neighbor or competitor is paying, and only when a tradesman shows special skill will an employer pay a wage differential. The current rate of pay for labourers is '10 cents per hour. Journeyman, some of whom have served a three-year apprent- iceship may receive $1.00 per hour. Less if they will work for less.

For these people. employment on full time basis is difficult to obtain especially during the winter months. During the summer, when work is more available, it. is neces- sary to work long hours in order to obtain A decent pay. Presently there is no hope for better work- ing conditions, higher wage rates or a shorter work week. But, if P. l-1.1. had its own Department of Labour with a minimum wage law. which it justly deserves, as P. 13.1. is the only Province in Can- ada without one, then the situa- tion would be altered.

The Provincial Government has always been kind to the farmer. Its ultimate objective has always been to please the man behind the plough. What has it done for the common labourer except make an ci‘l’ort. to ensure that he used but.- tcr on his bread and not marga- rine? Because the farmer could not possibly profit by the forming of a Provincial Department of Labour and indeed, he might lose during harvest time when it would be necessary for him at that time to employ extra labour, the Legis- lat.ve Assembly said "No" to this ‘ ibillty when the House was in . ion early this yen.i' By this decision, it was A mental and phy- sic.il blow to those who anticipated a brighter future. I think it's a

case of mass iniiistice. I am, Sir, etc. J. M. OBANNER

'Summ(-rsidr.

Old Charlolielown

and P. E. L

SPRING PLOIJGHING M.\'I‘Cll

"The Ploughing Malcli under the patronage of the Agricultural Soc- iety took place on Thursday the 8th inst. in a large field belong- ing to the Hon. George Wright Eight. ploughs started. and all the ploughmen accomplished their work within the time limited. and in A very mnstitrly manner. Six of the competitors were from Bri- tain, and only two were natives. It is understood that the native ploughmen were in general alarm- ed at. the superior dexterity of the English and Scotch competi- tors, otherwise there would have been more of the former.

The first prize. consisting of_ a full mounted Plough and a Horse Collar, was adjudged to John Cro- ker: the second. consisting of A full mounted Plough, to John Bull- msn; the third. consisting of s full mounted pair of l-tsrrows, to James Miller; the fourth, A Cart Saddle and Breeching, Wu pdjudg. ed to Robert Longworth (I no-

"The day being fine. A great concourse of spectators Assembled, And Appeared, to take A lively in- terest in what was going forward After the judges had awarded the prises. no lxcelieni-.1 the Lieut- enant Governor distributed them to the spoonful condldatu.

"It was lmponible to witness this useful competition without its

A will: '0 I90 Ploillbtns

Full Circle I

(Hamilton Spectator)

In nineteen years the bearded ascetic face has changed surpris- ingly little, and for an instant the pic- ture on the front page of yester- day‘: paper turned the calendar back——back to those strange days of the mid-thirties when the pat- tern of the turmoils and totments of our generation was first being sketched; when totalitarianism and total war were teaming up for the first time; when A world first tum- ed it.s back, trying desperately to pretend that nothing was happen- ing at all.

Haile Selassie. Emperor of Ethio- pia, King of Kings, Conquering Lion of Judah....We have come full circle.

It. was in the Palsis des Nations in Geneva in 1935 that he stood, a dramatic yet bitterly pathetic figure in his long black cloak, at the bar of the world and be- sought. it. to look at the wrong that was being done to his little coun- try, to consider the Italian bombs dropping on the mud. huts and the villages and the towns (seventeen hundred people died under the bombs in Adowa—bombs that Mus- sollnl's airman son described ra- ptumusly as bursting like the bios- soming of a beautiful rose). The world looked briefly, considered I moment, and turned away.

It is in that some Palais des Nations at Geneva that the world is meeting today in search of a solution to the latest of the long chain of aggressions that have fol- lowed.

Ethiopia, then Spain, China, Al- bania, Poland, the Low Countries, France, Greece...Bombs on Adowa, then on Guernica, Nanking. War- saw, Rotterdam, London. . . .Those were the Fascist aggressions; al- most straightforward. they seem to us now with our hindsight. The Communist brand that followed in a smooth change-ovcr—ncw cast, some play— was subtler, more com- plex. The Baltic countries. Poland.

Czechoslovakia. E in st Germany, Korea, Indo-Chins. . . .Men's minds are involved now as well as their arms; the visage of war wears a political mask. It. is much harder to say: "At. this precise moment aggression began," harder still to draw a line and say “Beyond this precise point aggression cannot be .illowcd to go."

in the Palais dcs Nations in 1035 the world was not ready to draw a line when the drawing was am] relatively simple. Today, ninemen years, millions of lives and billions of wasted dollars later. the task of illl3-dl':iV\iI‘lg—iilfll'llLEiy harder

.io»\—-confronts us again.

Haille Selassie, inodcrn aggres-

l 1

men's first victim. treads the soil of our continent today as an awe-

zume rrmiiidcr.

The Age Old Story

J:-sun saith unto him, lilse. take up thy bed. and walk. And im- medlntely the man was made whole, and took up his lied. and walked: and on the same day was the sabbath.

Matches established in every quar- ter of the Island, and to cause the regret of everyone, that the differences subsisting ” n His Majesty's Council And the House of Assembly should now. for the second year, have deprived the Agricultural society of the grant. of £250 voted for its use by the Assembly."

~P.E.I. Register. May 13, 1020.

soiTin3r_1s'i-‘pins

PHILADELPHIA (AP) —- Dr. Fritz 0. Ladder. internationally known scientist And professor of biochemistry At Temple Univer- sity school of pharmacy, died sud- denly seturdoy at his home. The author of several books and a number of_srticles on hormones and vitamins. the 63-year-old Ger- man-born professor joined the Temple staff in fun.

IAIOUI INDIIIIIY

Manufacture of cutlery has been carried on at Sheffield, lnglsnd.

since before the tub c¢nturv- _

l

LONDON — But for the spin of a golden sovereign, the oldest of the world's greatest horse races mlfihii have been known as "The Bunburi"'- That is a fragment of the ro- mantic history behind the Derby Stakes which will attract the blue- blooded thoroughbred: of British and Continental racing stables and a half-a-million spectators to Ep- som Downs, Wednesday, June 2. "The Derby” found its origin At The Oaks. an old ale-house on near- by Banstesd Downs that was con- verted and enlarged and used as a shooting box by Edward, twelfth Earl of Derby. The house had al- ready glven its name to "The Oaks" —the other great. event of Derby week—when the Earl and Sir Char- les Bunbury planned a new race after dinner one evening. _ Over flagona of port. and assisted by carousing companions these two sportsmen drew up conditions for n race for three-year old colts and fillies "to be run over one mile straight, to start at the Parish of Banstei-id half-mile east of Tat-ten- ham Corner and to continue thence to the winning post."

What should the event be cell- ed? Lord Derby’ and sir Charles decided that it should be named after one of them. but which? A sovereign spun in the air and Sir Charles called. But his Lordship won and the new race, first run on Thursday, May 4th, 1780 became the Derby Stakes. Although he lost. the gamble, sir Charles was not with- out some consolation. He became the first to win “The Blue Riband of the Turf." as Disraeli happily dubbed a Derby win at 1 later dale. with jockey Sam Amnull in his colors, Sir Charles saw his chest- nut colt, Diomed pass the post I clear winner.

0 0 I

Diomed was the wonder hone of his day. Never defeated in the year he won the first Derby, he lltnr became a legendary figure across the Atlantic. In 1798—whe.n he was 21 years old—he was sold to the United states and became one of the fathers of the American turf.

Neither Lord Derby nor Sir Char- les Bunbury could have dreamed of the consequences of their efforts when the first race was run before a comparative handful of spectators on that summer's day in 1780. To- day Epsom is the centre of Britain’: racing carnival And nowadays each year there are two rival Attractions at Epsom on Derby Di-iy—t.he Derby itself and the crowds which come to see it.

Tim crowds come early, determin- ed to make a proper day of the great occasion, and the wide open spaces of Epsom Downs are soon filled w‘th a colorful and character- istic throng. Most of them have come from London. If you want. to see the true Cockney at his richly cxubcrant best, there is no better spot than Epsom on Derby Day. Here. too. are the fortune-telling izypslcs. encamped in their brightly colored caravans. The scene has hardly changed in essence since stubbs painted his fsmour Acsdemv picture, "Derby Day", It hundred years ago.

To win the Derby is every race- horse owner's greatest ambition. only one British sovereign has suc- ceeded in achieving it—Klng Ed- ward V1! with Mlnorii in 1003. fav- orlte Landau may make Queen mis- sbeth It the second.

‘/w’_.¢f<"' -7oedi‘6;wu

Accommsmmcr

The overtakelessness of those Who have accomplished Death, Majutlc is to me beyond

The msjestlcs of hrih.

The soul her "not At. Home" fnscrlbes upon the flesh. And takes her fair Aerial gall Beyond the hope of touch.

...._.__._.....__ OIIII COUNTIY

county. Quebec, was

—!:miiy Dickinson.

The Outordes river in sunny named for

._P-so 4_ '1'!‘.f’_‘7'“‘!*_""‘!!__‘_‘_';°“_':°‘.‘.‘!'Y» ..Jui-e__2- 1954 ‘

The height of foollshsuuz lain- ing your health trying to make s million dollars. than spending the million trying to regain your hes.lth.—at. cstberines Standard.

In: are sold to supply 18 tunes ss much nourishment as oysters. But. they are Awkward things to serve on the half shell.—'l‘oronto am.

Once more we on lnipreued with the wonderful foreAighted- ness of nature. long before Any- body dreamed of an Atomic cloud, she designed the mushroom for oomps.rison.—Edmonton Jour- no].

"Alligators are considered less vicious than crocodiles and have shorter jaws.’ But. If the question ever came up it would probably be At. a time when you wouldn't have I tape measure IIODI. —Win- nipeg 'n-ibune. '