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llurnlng llully (founded lllill) 05.00 m: yen (in advance) delivered. ".50 l»: your (in ntlvnnrrt mulled In Cunndn nnii United Stat“.

Education in Canada

Tile "Annual Survey of Education in Canada, 1929," is issued by the Do- minion Bureau of Statistics. covering ordinary schools under public con- trcl, technical schools, teacher-train- ing institutions, universities and col- leges, Indian education, private schools, and miscellaneous organiza- tions directly connected, with the work of these institutions.

The report shows a total ellrol- nlcllt of 2,387,057, an increase of.4.'l,- 000 over the prccedillg~year__ Each of the nbove-lnentiolled groups shared ill the increase, although it was most pronounced in the high school glad- cs offordillary schools, ill technical schools, and in universities and cel- leges, thus continuing to increase the prcpolton of students ill advanced grades evident ill preceding years. The zlgc-tgracie tables for publicly- cerlirolied schools in .sc\'cll of the provinces show ill addition. tllat the higher grades continue to be reach- ed at an earlier age. tile average (median) age of students ln the last year of his school bring: almost ene- llalf of a. year less than five year.- ago.

WEDNE5DAY-Mé13§§_1§»_.123_1

i The posthumous memoirs of Prince von Buelow give further unflat- tering touches to the picture of the

mx-Kalser. With deliberate irony he appears, on every other page, to wish to defend Wilhelm, but his anecdot- es, citations and caricatures grow more and more devastating as he

. proceeds.

Buelow calls the Kaiser "tactless, llcklc, ungrateful, vain, headstrong,

,more than eccentric, illogical, crude,

is fantastic braggart, a falsiﬂer of history, a lllegalomaniac, childish, theatrical. hypocritical." Of a his- torical masquerade he says: “This exhibition would have cost even eld- crly ladies-in-ivaitlng their jobs."

mi found Wilhelm "indefatigable in

,ll1\'€!f1illl!I medals, decorations and all such trinkets." That.

I ullelllleri other princes with dis-

‘ sprang not

,lll€‘l'.°ly from "hut rather from the fact that every order, every distinction delighted him and he sought to win over and to influ- ence those who could bestow them."

It was Wilhelm: greatest dream. according to Buelow, "to set out at

l- the head of a great, a very great Ger-

imall fleet ell a ileaceful voyage to

hc ever-

Ipatehes and courteslcs

‘ llltivete.

The nmHL,_(,,. o,» 101C110“, onmloyed England. Off Portsmouth the King of

In oldinarj." sqllools under iaublle coll- trol was 63,305. Adding: to these the teachers and professors in other‘ cf educational institutions‘

illg courses in normal schools and

universities during the year was 10,- l swwcd by the “he” Then’ an" the ‘lBrltain is very far from b91113 d3- ‘ prescribed embraces and kisses ill mendem on Indian tradtL Latest re_

392. Expenditure on schools ulldel‘ ‘Milk!

.

lic control. excluding publicly-com‘

i _ ‘ _ ,._ iimports, and of British exports only trolled universities and colleges but‘ bnmm anwng ‘on Bush“ “ mom i‘

including Indian schools, was 3131-1 874,000. Adding $15,842,000 for uni-y Ycitsitets and colleges, and sisvsiloti (partly estimated) schools gives a total outlay‘ of 15b3,- 691,000.

Tpachcm Wlmegq and other: (,i,._| a return of the monarchial systemfvided up cxportable surplus of about

ecily interested in education may ob-

tail: copiss of the report on applica- Ii

tioll t3 the ljureau of Statistics". Ot-i taunt. i _.__;__.____ .

Iirzissrism Pilloricrl \‘.‘l'llCS the Germain llistcixian Ezrrl Ludwig in a special,‘ article in tile New York Times, “have ‘ killed the imperial idea ill Germany: the flight. of the Iiaiser; the com- mercialization of his writings; his

“Five things.“

second marriage when over G0 years old; tile past-war settlement‘ upon the princes of millions in property in the midst of the bankruptcy of an innocent but misled nation, and, finally‘. the made by two volumes of memoirs. Today no political party dares to go bcfcrc the electors and advocate the, return of the princes."

The two volumes referred to by Herr Ludwigare letters of the Em-i pres-s Victoria, mother of the Kais- er, and the memoirs of Count von Buelolv. The fon-ner reveals the fact that during a whole decade the Kais- ' err. exiled mother continued to criti- cise privately the utterances and ac-' lions of her son. Many of her words now sound prophetic. we quote from the 'I‘ilnes reviewers article: ‘ l

"When I consider the ﬁrst year of his reigl ' she wrote, "mistake after mistake. defeat after defeat. . . . Hardly a generous or a rloblc deed, . . Wilhelm is so green; he makes mistakes that tak; ones breath. He is enchanted with himself. and the flattery that is constantly showered upon him leads h'm to regard himself as a genius, How will it all end? . . - I fear that difficult times are in store for Germany. . . . He is ex- tremely- despotic and naturally mcody. Nowadays one can no long- er rule in this way."

This striking characterization was rrltten in 1890. and shows the fore- llght which the Kaiser's mother had lequired at a moment when the em- pire was outwardly flourishing. Again h one of her last letters. she wrote:

f‘! fccl like an old hen that has hitched out a duck instead of a chick and watches ft swim away: but ducks can swim and the anxiety of the poor hen ls ground- less. while it seems to me that he (Vlllhelm) rushes in where angels fear to tread. I wish he had a padlock upon his mouth on all occasions when public speeches

profound impression

<

i

\ .

s the total over 81-000. The Bil-i telldanee at full-time teacher-traln- .' Sh“) m m3

1' ..!.9.'_*.‘l££l £9.92‘. 08-9312 Eﬂﬁtﬂl;

England at the head of his war fleet would await tile German Emperor; the two fleets would pass one an- other ill sovereign standing on the bridge of his flag- naval uniform of the other, each wearing decorations be-

revieu‘. each

Cowes, would come l1 gala dinner with glorious spceclles."

nirs are the judgments of others, but not a single witness favorable to the Kaiser is mentioned. Whatever

. i 1 l 50,. prlva to. the future has ln store for Germany, arger nvestments m Canada‘ and

therefore it seems highly improbable that public sentiment \':lll ever favor

under til: Hohenzollcrns.

Afr. Ifennctfs Tax/c

Lengthy and thorough invesfga- tlcn by the Government conﬁrms the

l. . _, I challenge that present economic eon- as me Am°r‘”an farm“ cam”: mm

dltions in Canada are as lnuch the result of the fallurc of the King Government to foresee and forestall them as they are a reflex of world depression.

“My Government has explored the origins cf our difficulties," says the Speech from the Throne, "and is firmly of the belief that many of our prcblelns do not arise out of world- wide depression. but are antecedent to it; and that domestic factors have also largely determined the degree oi’ economic distress from xvhlch this country is suffering."

In other words, the Government has found what every thoughtful Canadian knows t0 be a fact; that a country so rich in resources should largely have surmounted difficulties to which older and less fortunate countries fell ready victims. That we could not was due in some measure at least to tlze lack of vision and of action on the part of Mr. King.

Mr. Bennett's job is to put solid foundations under the national structure that the same situation may not again B1152. lilr. King's will be to criticise conditions for which he, more than any other man or group of men, is responsible, and to criticise Mr. Bennett in his efforts to improve them.

Editorial Notes

The Canadian dollar, says the Ot- tawa Journal, is again above par in New York. Seeing that Mr. KID! used to make great play of our dol- lar being over par, what must he think of the signiﬁcance of it now?

Concerning the report that the New Brunswick Premier may be IP- polnted to a. Judgeshlp, our local- contemporary remarks: ‘lion. Mr. Baxter cannot be blamed if he should desire to escape to the seren- er atmosphere cf the Jlltllciﬂfy." Un- fortunately for Premier Lea. there

Notes by the Way

Whatever the Governments at Lon- don, Washington, Parls, Berlin, Rome may think of the Government at | Moscow-and they all seem to think.

just about what; the Government at Ottawa thinks of lt,-yet the great factories of Britain, the Unltsd States, France, Germany and Italy are booking all the orders they can get from the Soviet Government if the payments are satisfactorily ar- ranged. Firms in Canada are selling to Russia, too, but have poorer facili- ties for getting orders than firms in several of the leading countries. And what Canada refuses to sell to Russia, John Bull or Uncle Sam will. There will be keen competition be- tween them fo: any orders of the kind Canada turns down.

Honesty is honesty; stealing from a private individual, from shops, and from hotels is theft. But tricking a. railway company, riding on a tram without a ticket—evading income tax or lnlsappropriatlng Government stationary, though it may be theft ill the eyes of the law and graft in the eyes of the prophets, is not quite theft in the eyes of the man-in-the street. At present hundreds of otherwise honorable ‘citizens cheat the Government or the large corpor- ations in this country, because they feel no shame ill doing so. Graft on a large scale we despise; graft on a small scale we wink at. And we can- not afford to do so. To trick the Government is to cheat the whole community.

Jack Miner believes that hawks prey, as a rule, upon more desirable birds and not so much upon the mice which they are supposed t0 extermi- nate. In/fact, about the only thing that can be said in favor of a hawk is that on the wing it is one of the loveliest sights in nature.

i l It. is customary to look on India as ,Grsat Britain's own particular mar- 'ket; but it may be noted that Great

[turns show that British imports from i India were only five pzr cent. of total

i ten per cent. go to India. Again, a- ibout, ten per cent. of British invest- ments abroad are in India, but it is pointed out that Great Britain has

Australia.

l i ‘Russia's wheat cmp in 1030 pro-

‘a hundred million bushels, but next 198T. According to the Fish report, it ‘Us planned to make that surplus two ‘hundred millions, even though [Russians go hungry. If it succeeds ‘there will be practically no Euro- ;pean market for the United States,

[pate with grain raised on confiscated ‘land by labor receiving an average ‘of fourteen cents a day. But that is not all. The Russian Government's program is to drive its farmers to otill heavier wheat production, and it |hopcs by the fall of 1932 to bring its isurplus up to five hundred millions.

What the Home country and Home’ opinion hu to learn is that the Do- mlnions are loyal to the Imperial connection, but they are determined to fight for their own land. It was Sir. Robert Bordon who declared: "The Empire first, but within the Empire Canada first," That sunl- marlzcs the Dominlons attitude very fairly, and cs soon as we can forget our old “colonial" Empire ideas we shall find there are many ways of successful co-operation within such a policy. '

Thai the bell-cf flint power will be derived from the air within the measurable future is not to be dis- missed as an empty dream is made clsar by an address dzllvercd re- cently in Birmingham by Dr. Levan- stein, President of the Soeiety of Chemical Industry of Great Britain. Having tapped the inexhaustible sup- plies of atmospheric nitrogen. Dr. Levcnsteln believes the next step is to transform another constituent of the air, carbonic acid, and gain, with- out the interval of a geologic age. and the raw materials now obtained

. iliiiiat ' 58w of yours

By lme; W. Barton. M.D.

CORRECTING DEFORMITIES FOLLOIVING INFANTILE PARALYSIS

The epidemic of infantile paraly- sis that swept over the country a few months ago naturally had par- ents very lnuch worried. It is a distressing ailment because there are not only many deaths, but the de- formities that follow leave many children very badly crippled.

Fortunately the use of the serum in the early stages prevents serious illness and deformities, and it is gratifying to see that Dr. Karl Land- steiner, who did some of the ﬁrst work in ﬁnding out the cause of this ailment, received the Nobel Prize in medicine for 1930.

And now something is being done about the deformities that so often follow the ailment after the acute illness has passed. Throughout the country orthopedic surgeons are helping to correct these deformities, not only in the cities, but in clinics in country districts. Where the parents are unable ta pay for the service it is being done free of charge. Children that ilave been using crutches and wheel chairs are being so helped that they can get. along ivitllout these aids.

One of the deformities has been a shortening of the affected leg; it has not grown in the same proportion as the sound leg. Dr. R, J. Harris, Tor. onto, has been able to show that a cutting of a portion of the nerve supplying the affected leg has al- lowed the blood vessels to remain more widely opcn-dllated-and has thus increased the amount of blood to the part. By this increased blood supply the, leg and foot become warm alld more natural looking, thus “transforming the cold, blue, damp foot resulting from infantile paraly- sis to one that is warm and dry," This increased bloodsupply due m this operation, hastens the rate of growth on the child's leg. These changes last for a long time, and are likely to be permanent.

It almost gives one a thrill to think of all that is now being done in this dread ailment First, the serum-to prevent it, then orthopedic surgery to correct deformities, and now the cutting of the nerve mlcreby the ‘blood vessels are able to carry an in: creased blood supply to the part, and enable it to grow larger and 109k and feel more like the normal leg.

y: ﬁedé’ owwt.

- YOUIH AND nuvn-

To the heart of youth, the world is? a llighwayside,

Passing for ever, he fares; and on either hand,

Deep in the garden:- golden pavilions

hide,

Nestle in orchard bloom, and far Oll the level land

Call hlnl with lighted lamp in the eventide \

Thick as the stars at; night when the moon is down, '

Pleasures BS3111 him. He to his nobler fate ~

Fares; and but waves a hand as he passes on,

Cries but a wayside tvord to her at the garden gate,

Sings but n boyish stave and his face is gone. '

- R. L, Stevenson.

from coal.

One-hundred and twenty years ago on March ll the Luddites Rebellion began. This was a. rebellion on the part of Workmen against the use of New mill machinery which was de- clared to take the place of man power. It was during this rebellion, that Lord Byron made his maiden

speech in the Brlttéh House of Lords,

appearing there as champion of the Framework Knitters’ Association.

C. M. Lampson 6C0

"I’m somewhat. of a. framcbreakerl myself," the Newstead poet remarlu‘ ed. Whilst rejoicing in the arts of I improvement that may benefit man- kind, Byron expressed the convlction_ that mankind ought not to be saori-‘ ficed to improvements in mechanism. He all: his bit to ‘ameliorate the lot. of the "stocklngers," with whose plight he sincerely sympcthlzed, and the Luddltes’ cherished fond re- membraneqof his efforts on their

11011811.‘ . “ l

LIMITED. ' 04 Queen Street London, E. C. 4, England

Public Auction Sales

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[LAW f-‘URS I Shipping bags will be furnish- ed without charge by appiyln| to It. T. Holman. Ltd" Sum- merside. P. E, I.

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Economic Relation Of h Roads And'A'gricultur

DR. J- L. TENNANT Associate Economist, Rhoda ‘Island Experimental ‘Station.

(Dr. Tennant was formerly employed with lilo Dervul-tmellt of Agriculture in tlliu Province nnri during tbo yearn 1013-10 resided in Charlottetown.)

Since 1900 there has been a mark- ed increase ln highway travel. On many roads travel at the present time is from i000 to 1500 vechicles per day. Saturday, Sunday and holiday travel is much higher. In summer the use of roads, "especially for pleasure trips, ls greater than in the winter. Thirty years ago very few roads had travel in excess of 100 vehicles per day, and on most roads it was much less.

This increase has been accompani- ed by changes in the character of the travel. Formerly all roads were chiefly of local concern and impor- tance. An analysis of road travel in 1890 would have shown probably that most of it was travel either to or from the farms and that the dis- tance travelled per trip was short. A larger proportion of the population was then living on farms. Dfcept for the bicycle few city people had any means of travel over country roads. Most of the local freight, express and passenger movement was by railroad. -

Today non-local travel ls a large part of the total travel. The writer while on the staff of Cornell Uni- versity made a study during 1920 and 1927 oi the economic relation- ship of roads to agriculture in New York. It was found that the use of roads by farmers was a small part of the total travel even on the town- ship and dirt roads. Only five per cent. of the travel on state highways was motor vehicle travel from farms within the county where the road was located, and on the township and dirt roads only 1'! per cent. of the travel originated on farms within the county. Twenty-seven per cent of the travel on state high- ways and 28 per cent. on township roads was urban travel from within the county. Travel from _ other counties of the state was 46 per cent; of the total on state highways and 23 pel- cent. of the total of tawn- ship roads. Motor vehicles from out- side the state were 12 per cent. of the travel on state highways and two per cent on township roads. Horse drawn vehicles were a very minor part of the travel on all roads

The number or farmers living on any road does not change materially from year to year. When the road is improved they may use it somewhat more on account 0f the increased convenience with which they can go to market" and other places, but it is not the farmer who uses the road the most. Most of the ~lncrease in travel .comes from other communi- ties and consists of persons engaged in occupations other than farming. Also there has been a steady and continuous increase in the numbe of people who work in town and live in the country.

The travel counts upon which this analysis is based were taken in the rural sections of the state. The county nearest to New York City where travel counts were taken was Rsnsselalenand the county nearest to Buffalo was Livingston. The sit- uation in New York with regard to the use of roads suggests what in generad will be found under similar conditions elsewhere“ ,

Information obtained from 446 re- plies to questionnaires sent to farm- res in 39 counties, supplemented by personal interviews with other farm- ers, indicates some of the benefits farmers derive from the improve- ment of a road. Some of these men were living on hard-surfaced roads and some on dirt roads. An all-the year road shortens the distance to market. with motor truck transpor- tation the distance to market is n-leasurcd in hours not miles. A farmer on a paved road 2-) miles from market may require less time to reach it than the farmer on a dirt load only five miles distant. Also he can haul larger loads and can haul full loads any day during the year except for a few days following a heavy snow storm. On the average farmers located on hard surfaced roads could not use their motor trucks for 40 days per yeltr due to snow. The average time farmers on dirt roads could not use trucks was 90 days.

A larger proportion of the farmers on hard surfaced roads had motor trucks and automobiles, and they ob- talned about one-third more use of them as measured by the miles driven per year. Rural mull de- livery is more regular on improved roads. A good road provides better facilities for attendance at social gatherings and at church Medical attention can be obtained more readily. Children can drive a con- slderable distance to high school and be homo at night with little‘ in- terference with regular attendance. Membe of the family‘ may live at hem anlfwbrkelscwhere. l 4

1 dairy sections farmers on hard surfaced roads were producing more milk per farm. They obtained l. higher percent of who your’:

milk truck route and sin-slime was saved in nnuilnj ‘$11k. mu "trucks on hard surfaced missed fewer days during the War thanthose on dirt mods. ‘

surfaced road on the" value of farm lulu varied. These variations were due indifference in the- type of fanning,- ln the kind of soil, inf the 00008111111)’. and in the value of the land. One hundred and ebhtcsn farmers; living on hard surfaced roads said that their farms would be reduced in vnlurlf they were located one mile distant from such a road. The average estimated reduction was 18 per cent. The average“ value of these farms was 8100 per acre. These inen were engaged in the following enterprises-market milk, fruit, poul- try, potatoes, cabbage, fresh vege- tables and canning crops. In ssc- tlons where hogs, beef cattle or sheep are the important lines of’ production it is possible the effect of road improvement on the value of farm land would be somewhat less. 'I'ilese enterprises do not. require as frequent trips to market as is the case with bulky, washable and semi- perlshable products. g Farmers living on dirt roads lost money on account of snow and mud on the roads by their farms. Crops could not be held for a rise in price but had to be sold when the roads were passable. One farmer said he lost $1160 because he could not move his potatoes to market during the period of highest prices, Farmers on dirt roads are‘ often prevented from following the most profitable type of farming. In p, section where cab- bage was an important cash crop one farmer only three miles from his shipping point did not grow. ll: be- cause of the uncertaintly of road conditions for hauling. A farmer who sold 200 qurats of milk a day in summer had to discontinue pro- duction in the winter. From these typical cases it is found that farmers on dirt roads cannot operate their business on a. sound economic basis. Paved roads provide better market- ing facilities, the opportunity to re- organize the farm business to changing economic conditions; in- creased farm profits; and improved social and living conditions. The benefits of improved roads are not confined to the farm family, but are shared by the whole community. An important Problem is the financing of road construction and maintenance. Except for the toil roads and turnplkes built by private companies during the second and third quarters oi’ the 19th century, most roads in Canada and the United States previous to 1900 were con- sidered local and the support for their construction and repair came largely from local sources. Gradually

developed to the point where first the county and later the provincial and state governments began to ap- propriate funds for highway im- provements, In 1916 the federal gov- ernment of the United States be- gan to give grants to the states for the purpose of stimulating the con- struction of inter-state and national highways.

The larger governmental units are providing an increasing share of highway costs, But the proportion coining from these soluces has always lagged behind the increase in the use of roads by travel or oglnatlng outside the local community and which, in many cases, has a des- tination beyond the bounds of the local taxation unit. This lag is par- ticularly noticeable today in the case of the township or dirt roads.

For example only one-third of the travel on township roads in New York originated within the township. This included all the horse travel and it is probable that part of this was from outside the township, But over two-thrds of the cost of these roads was provided by township taxes. Partly as a result of the infor- mation obtained in this survey of the use of roads in the state, the New York legislature in 1929 provided that five per cs-nt. of the funds col- lected from the tax on gasoline rural road mileage of that county, in th state in the proportion that the rural road mileage of that country, exclusive of the state highways. bears to the mileage of such roads in tile SEEM. Till! legislation is too recent to permit the making of an accurate estimate of the amount each county will receive. Sufficient evidence is available, however, to ln- dicate that the distribution of these funds on the mileage basis will assist very materially in equalizing the burden of building and maintaining local roads. particularly in counties where the assessed valuation is be. low the nverage of the state and the local road mileage is above the aver~ age.

Estimates of tile effects of B llliitl

public interest in road improvement

Bronchitis ‘Ia Obctlnagg

While lbdocs ‘not always unﬁt one f

Oi‘ wgfk. trouble. - » ~ ~ - - Itris one of the most obstin t - "."°'m““' ‘ and one that does not always rgsgofdﬁiwﬁ: [Xllllliﬂoll ' ‘treatment.

Fill’ [-008 0f , ' it is distressing and often leads to other

$12,212;fcisiiiiizzizirrl:v- Anemia if um regularly. a“ ""' Malnutrition IMPORTANT :—-lf you want the beneﬁt; gummy] that only Fellows’ can give, ask for it by name Troubles bio-imitation approaches it. Insist on Fellows’:

FELLQWS’ svngun - ,-

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Send your answers to l-liggl .5: 00., 'Ltd., Charloggeto“. 0'

As many answers as "Bra hmln" momma}... 55m

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Spruce Lathsy. & Cedar _Shirlgles

on hand 500,000 Spruce Laths Prices 52.50-33.50 and $4.00 per 1,000 —Also- One Million Cedar Shingles in Air-Dried British Columbia and Campbellton, N- B. Cedar Shingles In all Grades —Prices‘ low-

E M E & c . Paolfs Wharves

system will be improved. g With changes in the character of! the travel using a road adjustments

EYES also.»

AND should be made in the methods of 3553355 p111”: financing road. improvements. Other- v l. W. TAYLOR wise an unfair burden may be plac- i l- 5- ﬁtgh-o. ed upon some communities. In the l“ o!“ a ‘m.’

less wealthy communities this bur- r ““,,l den will become excessive and will! ‘~—-—- t"

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m. Frultatlves ........... .. 39¢ 25o Frultntlves . . . . . - .- 251: A. B. S. & C. Tablets $1.25 Ironlzed Yeast .. 51.50 Llstcrlnc . 75o Lhtcrino . 35o Llsterlno .

Manufacturer S a y s] Maritimes Should Grow More Beans. Mr. R. C. M oi r Favors 100% H o m e P r o d u c t

"We can't get enough of the par- ticular variety of white pea beans used in our canned product to meet the growing demand" says Mr. R. C. Molr of Ben's Limited.

"For that reason we have to go out- side oi’ the Maritlmes ~for supplies

31.25 Bayer’; Aspirin Tablﬂ! 50o Aspirin Tablets 250 Alplfln Tablet: .

‘As the amount of travel using a road increases, it is necessary to make improvements to care for this increased travel. The probable re- quirements of future traffic should be atudled- before deciding upon plane. Over-development of a road should be avoided as well u under development. Funds used to build p $59.00) per mile pavementswhere a $10,000 per mile improvement would be satisfactory fol- all traffic needs 100ml! the number of road miles

212 Fifth Avenue New York, N. Y.

production during t winter months.

More of them, werg directly on l. g,“.......,- ~— k '

which could be surfaced and defers the

which could very well be raised at home.

"Five years ago beans were not canned in the Maritime Provinces either. But we have corrected that. condition and now besides our pres- ent standing in the Multlmes, we have s great and growing marker outside of these Provinces.

"We would like the farmers of Nova. Bootla, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island to fullyshnre in the growing popularity of Ben's Beans and will be glad to furnish la-

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