i!

1m: Ci-IARLOTTETOWN’ GUARDIAN

. An eaidenfal interview which s neighbour's was lan- sly to blame Lottie minute out by millions. “Good morning, every- body! Well do I remem.

ill I young girl how women used to say,when asked how things were,

, sew-sew.’ ' Some- times they would even say ‘Oh, darn-darn,’ and hen eexpression ‘Darn rt’—in the sense

of, er, ‘Darn it?” Strange though it may seem, it looks as though we men- zolkfmlght extrafi a useful p rom . ’ - marks. It is this: will; trlie lady of the house begins to use the word “dam” more frequently than usual it probably means it is time or someone or other to get new sox. And the wlso move, then, is to buy Atlnntics -— lmih for your own comfort and sails. faclion and for domestic peace. Atlantics wear so much longer!

35o. l0 $1 Atlantic 501s:

Mar/Tine Moe's ‘I Mar/lime Men

ATIANTIC UNDERWEAR LTD. —- Mancvcmnl. ——

GENTNAI- GUARDIAN

-._.-.~. This column

(for radio ) with pa, whose daily l5- roadcast is tuned

the old world.

is reserved for Queer‘

County news oi‘ local interest bu! aa-

vertislng inserted at l Ilylbie in advance.

-¢—\-_-

of e newly nninre may in cents e word Iirloth

GET YOUR HOLIDAY CAKES

and goodies at the Home Bakln

Booth at the City Hospital Festival, Tuesday afternoon and evening, August lst, Baby Day on Hospital 2063-7-28-41.

Grounds.

are cordially invited.

HERE FROM QUEBEC-Mr. and Mrs. H. L. Rolleston, and their son, Mr. P. R. Rolleston, Quebec, are at present visiting Charlottetown. They came by car, and experienced send roads all the way, and enjoyed the

journey immensely. The only un-

interesting part was that covered by t

the new Matapedia road, which runs for the most part through bush. 'I'hey' are guests of Mr. and Mrs- O. M. Shannon, Brighton, and ex- pect to remain here for the remain- der of the week.

.___._________.

Mrs. James Harris of Charlotte- town, who had been visiting 11¢!‘ non, H. J. Harris, for some weeks. has returned homo. Her daughter, Miss Maude, graduate of Aberdeen Hospital, who recently received her RN, accompanied her home to re- main for a time.-New Glasgow News.

-._.__.

Mr. Russel Phillips, manager of the Stellarton branch of The Can- adian Stores is on vacation and with Mrs. Phillips, her sister, Miss Margaret Calder, Mrs. A. L. Home and Miss Verda MacDonald, left to- ll! on a motor trip to Cape BMW» Returning later in tho week Mr. and Mrs. Phillips will go over to Prlncsllidward Island-New Glas- Iflw News. V

______._.______ STUDENTS WILL HAVE T0

WILL ADDRESS MEETING — Rev. W. M. Kannawin, D.D., Secre- tary of the Board of s. Schools, and

_Young Peoples‘ Societies, will ad- dress a meeting in the Presbyterian Church, Tryon, on Saturday even- lug, July 29th at 7.45 o'clock. All

8

Elmpiro in he]

hese factors-e

pire founded prim animal parasites. its first and ma!

the most serious

affecting the w both wild and domesticated.

in

SPEED UP OR PAY

OAIBARY, July 2'! — (O. P.) - Bchool board trustees of this city Ire considering s plan whereby hish lchool students taking longer than the five years allotted for completion of their courses would bcforoed to pa. ‘repeaters’ fees."

"Students who fall repeatedly and 58h more than five years to finish lhsir high school courses are often lively taking up classroom space,” llld D. O. Beyne, secretary treas- Ircr of the board, “Payment of fees lor repeating subjects would im- apve their school progress."

______________.

' HG PROPERTY B0061‘

Rooms. July 2'l—-(C.P.)—Mor8 lhan 90 acres of property have b9!!! developed hero for the World's Grain ambition and Conference md the annual Regina Ehrhibltlvn-

____;___i_- , ullllll’! is! for hmcnella x

Internal Parasites

The fanner is,

3P6 feet us in Canada situated on Mvacdon pus in its own its own staff. It ute of its kind m‘ it is the only Institute in the Elm- "U! to work on Accordingly, while n duty is and al- wan must be, towards Canada, it is 11011911 that it will help the whole ping to solve one of groups oi‘ problems elfars of

by

is

d m.“ intestine m m species- a knowledge of them all is This Wire “Wm is comm“ i“ h m

a ding cetraln . . many c ' ’ L; f C da u 1 as c swmmh and 5mm mtewfl however, essential for a proper un- stressing?“ butl s any ‘me “w; but wherever M“ delstandlng of the best method of p ° o: a arge 3m"?

Following is the lecture parasites delivered by Dr. Cameron, M.A., M11... C.V.B., Ph.D. Director of the Institute of Parasi- tology, MacDonald College, Tuesday evening at Prince oi Wales College.

Live stock, on account of its nat- ural inclcase, would be one of the most remuneratvie fonns, of capital investment were it not for the en- ormous wastage due to disease, ill- health and poor condition, which annually converts much of this po- tential wealth into actual loss. The spectacular form which these losses may take is familiar to the public, although Canada is fortunately free. ‘from the great animal plagues of

Diseases of stock may be roughly classified under three I thoae due to microbes, those associated with food stuffs and those resulting from parasites. The more important microbial dis- eases are, perhaps those best known to the farmer. The control of them is largely in the hands of the gov- Eminent. 10ml authority or veter- inary expert. Many of these infec- tions spread rapidly, from animal to anim to invasion by single organisms which characteristically multiply, enormously and rapidly. in the bodies of the stricken animals. 0f the vital importance of chem- ical substances in food, our know- ledge is of very recent origin. The diseases which follow upon a lack of certain chemicals are insidious in onset and cumulative in effect: but they obviously cannot be spread by one animal to another. The far- mer may be said to have some ac- quaintance with the general prin- ciples which underlie the causation of these so-called deficiency diseases for he has learnt how advantagwus it is to supplement the natural food of his crops chemicals to the The diseases which arise from infestation with parasites dine;- lllndliiiflfllltally from those already mentioned. In their production nu- merous complex factors are con- cerned and the principles lying their spread and prevention are perhaps the leas National Research Co Empire Marketing Bo ently established, with the McGill stitute of Parasi

soil.

to indicate some of the general clusions to which our studies leading. especially m so far as they bear on the control of the internal Parasites of farm animals.

al and are due species of micro

t known. The uncil and the ard have rec- ln conjunction University, an ‘In- tOIOgy to investigate cially as they af-l The Institute is ald College Cam-

T. W. M.

main categ-

by contagion,

splines. asites.

this total, additions are made as the result

ed "dangerous!"

inhabitants are housed

under-

of the parasites

the stock and for has paid.

other Damon

C011 - BIC

msl and render it to microbic disease.

o; “m.” ‘m eously, and they must,

aware that internal

Weeks.

' another prfected animal.

prevention.

very prolific and

_ “licking: Burning Teéziliéilfigrfleuléd.

"I sudered with scum scams for seven weeks: I:

my foes with s rah and than citchi and burnlngwsre terrific, Th :5 more. it cerfflnl on my face. and also pr "Seeing your advertisement for for a free umpic of each

Ind cpre

_ of Cutlcurs healed."

(find)

16-.

.,-.

ms from slee Ouficura

I'D

first surfed sprcs-dnpractlcaiiy all over m! body-

iLectare Subjec Animal - Parasites

At P. College

Treatment of Livestock Diseases

Dr. T. 1V. M Cameron, of

McDonald College.

onsnimal are actually so small as tobe in- visible, they are easily overlooked. even in a careful examination, on account of their extreme slender- ness and tmnslucency. The round- worm of the pig and of the horse as well as some of the Tapeworms are among the few exceptions.

Now these parasitic worms are not related in any way to the com- mon earthworm. They have relat- ives in the microscopic eel-worms which live. upon decaying vegetable matter and upon bacteria in the soil and mud. Other relatives and cause disease in potatoes, to- matoes and the bulbs of flowering plants, such as the daffodil. Others again have adapted themselves to modem civilization and may be found in the paste-box of the book- binder and paperhanger and in the Vinegar on tho breakfast table. There is no doubt that the para- sitic forms which now live in ani- mals are descended from free-living ancestors but this colonization must have taken place centuries ago, for] _ the present day rreelivlnz eelwonnFgirth?"gmihsnezféplfaagglzspgzx: Africa. has recently benefitted from,

cannot survive or remain parasitic, mgenmu, appucaflon to the|

even for a short time, in the bodies of living animals. The internal par- asites of stock are always the oi!- now of other internal par-

The numfber of parasites present within any one of the farm animals may be small or it may amount to thousands. There are also very many different kinds. It has been computed that the different species number nearly a. thousand, and to still being of further rc- search. Erach kind of farm animal may be likened to a Zoo of which only some of the denizens are mark-

111 $11556 Ill/ins Zoos. some of the

in the liver, others in the lung, a few in the

uated-(and each kind appears to have its own special locatiom-thcy require food. It is, in fact, partly on account of the enormous de- mands for food which the para- sites constantly make upon their unfortunate host that the infested animal ls unable to maintain its own body in a healthy condition. Some of these parasites absorb the fluid |bowl contents which the animal has digcsetd for its own use; abstract the Juices from the body: ~while others again suck the blood [giving rise to anaemia. No matter buudmg and with what the exact nature the only Instit-

of the foods may be, it is ulti- the Dominion and mabely derived from food sown by which the farmer

But, internal parasites do not merely deprive animals of nourish- ment. They cause damage by block- age, by mechanical irritation and animalsJbY piewms and eroding ths delicate me internal tissues of the body. They object of my talk today is chiefly 11150 produce secretions and excre- ment 0f a poisonous nature. These, 0n absorption, may lower the gen- eral condition of the infested sni- rnore susceptible

I have indicated that the intem- a1 parasites do not arise spontan- therefore, parun“ ocwncnter from outside and come from his animals, since, from time to time, one of the larger species may! when m"'t"*° Pe-m-slm- be found passed in the drorpplngspm"? "mi "151579- the)’ He may suspect too that the poor condition of his stock is, in some way associated with their presence; but, (although fewer deaths may sc- tually result from the direct activ- ities of these organisms than from microbial disease.) I doubt if he adequtsely realizes that the steady drain upon the production of mut-ibe“ °1' '93‘- ton, beef, pork and horse-power "Wevaf- "l" must, in Canada alone, rcpresenfmultlply with many millions of dollars annually. The bulk of the internal parasites e1" 15 "W" arc parasitic worms. Although none.

Although they are can only ,entcr as microscopic forms and sev- eral weeks are required to reach adult size and sexual maturity. As WBBllflll866l&f,€f,l~h-l!l88n im. portant fact in advising schemes for Once they are full grown the internal parasites are produce van num- Unlikc the microbes, a" quite “ab” w-sohemc 0f disease control. A. further in the body so that m. number 0f adult parasites pres- wvtlbllliv or young wi-nmls w para- gleaicr than the num- ‘ml’ mlesmtmm be: cf young microscopic forms quire infection

Q

OIIIQd great disfigurement, especilll!

:8 and Ointmsnti sent . i purchased more a sftercsingtwocllre! Sospsad twobonsofCaBcurs Olntrnsntlvrsscom ‘ibirfllflufiisy, 821 St. Ma

eiy

uriosStqMoatremQue-

invade

others

conununlum of “mt Th, “W1, ing into use for preventive opmcnt of the eggs is suspended until they are conveyed out of the body 1n the excrement of the infest- ed animal. '

This discovery that the c!!! of infernal parasites must leave the body and are posed in the drop- pings of farm animals is one of fundamental importance; and it has been utilized by the parasitologist as s means of diagnosing the nature and extent of infection d living animals. The technique is llmplo. Mom s. careful examination of a small portion of the droppings of a suspected animal with tbeaid of the microscope, an accurate disg- nosls can be made-mar the various , 4 of parasites give rise to eggs which possess constant and distinc- tive peculiarities f0 sine, shape and denim.

tiwhich have entered tho body as

nical difficulties are, in many c

more work must be carried on fore it can be generally used. Lot us consider now how we

By

and prevent its losses. Pigs, for ample, are notoriously infested

common ‘observation that t cause little harm to the

mportsnt Delve” Another ilnportent discovery is that freshly passed droppings are not a source of infection to another animal although they may contain millions of the eggs of parasites. These eggs have to undergo further development before the infective stage is reached. This development occupies a time varying with differ- ent species from a few days to several weeks, dependent to some extent upon temperature, moisture and other external conditions. A knowledge of the length of this period of delay is of very _ 311M importance in prevention. After the egg has undergone its essential change into a. young parasite it may remain for several months in a quiescent form on the pasturesJ There is thus a gradual accumula- tion of infective material which has

chitls or pneumonia among

shown that these symptoms are

scopic young of the roundworln. young pigs swallow the roundw @885 passed weeks before by

roscoplc forms, which, leaving

stream, are carried to the lung, thence into the air passages and

in the States highly successful controlling this disease.

Cites South Africa

gfmififinzaggltiiéglgezflnidsafifis control of stomach wire worm, e -

whole >1 this period and infection 1' have °“""°1““d- results {mm swallowing the mien» The sheep are left upon the

young parasites hatch from the egg shell and climb, often for consid- erable distances, on the grass. They can only do so however, while the grass is wet or damp with dew and many of them cannot withstand drying. In other cases again the further life of the young outside of the body. after they have hatched from the microscopic eggs in the dung, is much more complicated and may be passed in the body of some small invertebrate in the soil or in water before the infective stage is reached. The details vary with each

tive stages of the stomach worm.

the immature worm. This routine continued for s. year. At the end

fcctions and they are also free from parasites.

ed again by fresh, unclean stock.

control. Another conclusion of great is that the parasites of the various m b1°°d suckers’ types of farm animals are not in- terchangeable. The parasites of horses can only develop in other horses-those of sheep and cattle in other ruminants, and so on. There are one or two important exceptions; for the liverfluke of sheep can cause disease in horse, pig and rab- bit, and some of the parasites of the dog, in a rather special way, give rise to important diseases in horses, sheep and cattle. But the general statement is true and pas- tures heavily infected by parasites from one kind of animal could be cleared without danger if cropped by aonther kind of farm animal. Thus a. field heavily infested with the red-worm of horses could be cleared if sheep cropped‘ it closely. Whether it is a practical policy to establish s. “rotation of croppers" is a matter which the farmer must decide for himself. The interesting thing however, is that the infective stages of parasites which cannot es- tablish themselves ale digested when they get into the wrong host.

however, damage the host in ways and unfortunately we ha

success ully kills them. However, on the numbers of parasites pre

infection in sheep, this plan alwa does some good to the animal.

consequence of this We have

by the fully grown adults but by youn worms shortly after body. They migrate into the Lightly Infected Animals

I turn now to the consideration of lightly infected animals: those which harbour parasites but show no obvious signs of disease. As these parasites d'o not multiply and as the symptoms of disease arise only from the accumulative affects of large numbers, such lightly infest- ed animals may appear. at first sight to be of no importance. When it is recalled. however, that these, like the more heavily infected forms, are continually passing potentially infective material on to the fields, it will be realized that they are im- pontant rservoirs which must come into consideration in any

soes with them and converts the no

This is a problem which is receiv

Sheep by means of encmllta. Preventing infection bflhging them up on ‘bare lots"

to avoid contamination.

Red Wnrms In Horses

1n mnada is the infection cf horses with-red worms. Every horse prac- tically is infected and n‘ letiznes ths worms occur in innumerable numbers. Now these parasites were 1718mm in horses when they roam- ed the dry prairies and consequent- 1y tllcy acquired great powers of rc- sistanco to drying. Now that

important fact is the marked sfls-

‘These not only ac- easily but they are less . co and succumb more readily. Their natural growth may be so seriously affected that they become. "runis" and "bad doors" and be a permanent source of expense I116 moist grass lands. they to m.» funnel". This a particularly "f4 wrv my and they have multi- noi/lceable in young pigs, plied enonncusly. Many of them Eflicicnt remedies are now known Ire blood suckers and they are the for some, although not g1] 9g the most commonsource of debllity and mom important parasitic diseaseslhwk of stamina in these animals. Those remedies, however, are flsen-l ‘Iheir control is a, problem still to tially poisonous and their sdminis-,bv solved but a series of expel-i- tration is attended with risk unlessments at the Institute suggests thav under skilled supervision or on thc an answer to this is within sight-

sdvice of tbs yeterinary surgeon.

Certain remedies, however, an coin-

poses All the animals on s given, are; whether they be diseased or merely carriers, are given simultan- eous treatment. The cost and tech-

prohibitive, st least for the present. That this method is likely to prove one of the most important factors in prevention is certain, but much

apply some of the results of labrs- wry research to the animal indust- ries, and use the facts to explain

large roundwonns. It is s matter of

fully- swwn pigs. Nevertheless among their Young there are often heavy losses, while the survivors are frequently under-sized. These disastrous results "molly follow an outbreak of bron-

sucklings. and it has recently been

tuslly due to the migration, through’ the liver and lung tissue, of micro-

scw. These hatch, giving rise u; mic-

turn b0 the gut, finally becoming adult. A scheme combining medical: treatment of the sow with hygienic lip-bringing of the litter has proved

The sheep industry in south‘

m the thick egg shell d“ thelsome of the general principles which

maple eggs m other species, theflccicd pastures and continucto pick up from the grass the young infec-

it takes the young worm more than a month to grow adult and to reach the stage of egg production the sheep are treated once every four weeks with a drug which destroys

that time the sheep have grazed t m, the lmsturcs entirely free from in- ed by urine and the add] ion o!“ s themselves to dung renders it quite safe E or- No further dinary manurial DUFPWES-i W913’: infection can arise unless introduc- Wmlklng 0“ the problem o a’ p