-..

Agriculiu

P. I9. I. Dgpnrtanent of Agriculture

iVi;i'RlF.D rnaasuna IN

lt'llt.'ai. farmers ions silo dis- rcred that when wheat straw cad stubble were plowed back. the acid of the' following crop went ;i.....i, So. they burned the straw ....i stubble or else they plowed H (town. harvested lowered yields . and thought nothing could be done 't. abrlo-::laly we know why plowed-down glilllllle depressed yields. With this kmwledge we can turn this crop leiusc into unburied treasure! ' The explanation is found in the mo processes of the bacteria that me in the soil. -These bacteria pl'()(1llL'C humus which is organic iii.-ittor containing nitrogen in the "...,t ilcsirable form for crop WW1). Nitrogen. of course. is one or the elements vital for crop pl'ti(1ill'f10I'i. Here is the sequence: soil. BACTERIA AND ORGANIC 'ii.lTTF.R PRODUCE HUMUS. iriiicii RELEASES NITROGEN you G00!) CROP GROWTH. 'riu- bacteria produce this by de- ,,.,..,.osing plant material such as ulu-at straw and stubble contain- ln: it high amount of the element. carlinn To do "I15, "I! bIC1.El'1I llliiniselves must be supplied with food in the form of nitrogen and limo They require a definite Pro- pnrlltln of nitrogen to the amount or carbonaceous material they are lit iiccompose. This proportion is aliiilli one Dart of nltrolell '0 tut-lie parts of carbon. When in in: organic matter and soil con- tatumg this proportion of the two elcrttrvtls. the bacteria flourish. A i-rim growing in this kind of an uirironment is provided with a i-oiitimilng source of nitrogen. wittr HAPPENS WHEN STBAW Ml) STUBIILE ARE PLOWED iittiw. xotr let's see what happens when wlicat straw and stubble are plowed doun Straw has a very high carbon collie-ni and a low nitrogen content. Tlit' ratio is often as high as one pdl'1 of nitrogen to 40 or K) parts rlil'1)0fl. When such material is pinned down, the nitrogen-carbon ratio of the soil is bound to be llflsei Because lie bacteria are siuldciily confronted with a hugb

amount of carbon-aceoua matter .

to decompose. they immediately create a tremendous demand for nitrogen to feed themselves while they do their job. Wbatiaver nit- rout-it is in the soil at the time of plow down will be taken up by the harlcrla. depriving any crop cmumr in the soil of nitrogen. Natiiriilly, poor crop growth and lots yrilds result. That's not all lltal happens - Such tinfavorable conditions rails? decomposition to proceed tcrv slowly. Eventually. I 1 to 12 nitrogen-carbon ratio will be- come established but until this happens. crops suffer from lack of nitrogen. Also. because the bacteria are starved for nitrogen. they can- not do their lob quickly and com- . plainly In much of the turned under rnrhonnreoiis material is lost by a process called "oxidation". Oxi- ditilttn is A chemical reaction in which the carbon in the wheat straw combines with oxygen to ftirm it Ens. rnrbon dioxide. This as: escapes from the soil and the molt is that much potential humus is lost WHAT HAPPEN! WHEN ITIAW AND ITIYIIBLE All IURNID. Burning certainly ” , of ex- rcss carbonaceous f ' ' with- niit loss of mineral elements. But. it also removes the raw material- rrntt: refusefrom which humus is pi'Iif1lll'Od. Humtse la the backbone of all productive soils and no soil ii lit for agricultural use unless it iuiitains a good supply. Burning rt-up refuse is an extremely waste- ful practice and in the light of modern knowledge of plant fart- ilivation. is entirely unnecessary. llcre now is a more complete tiiiitzram of the "straw-stubble pliiililfimllt nitrogen. lime feed the iOl1 bacteria. which decompose strnu-stubble and produce humus rnnlainiag available nitrogen for the itood crop growth. LOSSES IN rice Worms in Pig: linnaizement which controls worms also prevents many otiier rim-asu. Routine treatment for worms is not advisable for the follnwinil reasons: When a pig is

Wily infested with worms much C.

damage has been done alraady.. and efficient treatment requires I drench composed of chenopodlum and caster oila: drenching piga Is "M .985: and when ttempted by an inexperienced person. part of the dose may reach the lungs- mullintz in pneumonia. in properly managed piggeries there should be I? reason for such treatments. since lwonns can be prevented with but little extra work. worms seldom anect pigs that were born vigorous and of normal size. that received adequate nu- tritlon from the new and that were Pi free of goitre. anaemia. and is. However. it.ia important "00 ” .. proved methods of sani- -Niion with other preventive mea- WPH if losses are to be avoided. A Practical routine. suitable for conditions in Canada. may be Wgimnrlsed as follows: "Dare fan-owl "Will! all manurenfx-t:iimt'hab ads: i'.""'- ilrmrlna rails. Piltforuu

ral News

WHEAT STRAW AND STUBBLE

and troughs. Thoroughly scald the parts free from manure with liberal amounts of very hot water. The addition of one or two table- spoontuls of lye to each pail of water makes it more efficient. Allow the pen to dry and then bed it with clean straw. Two or three days before a sow is due to farrow. brush her off thoroughly and wash her tests and udder with warm water and soap - remember- ing to dry her afterwards. Move her into the clean pen. A few days after farrowing. move the sow and litter out to clean pasture. away from the barnyard. Keep the young pigs on clean pasture. pro- viding a temporary shelter. feed and water. until they are at least 14 weeks old

Weaning

A sudden change at weaning time to a "growing ration" may cause serious digestive disturbances. the symptoms of which are a per- sistent yellowish diarrhoea and loss of appetite followed by general un- thriftiness. Prevent this trouble by making only gradual changes of diet and do not wean until the pigs are fully accustomed to solid food. Affected pigs. if treated promptly. will usually recover. An exclusive diet of clotted sour milk, some ground alfalfa and water. for a short period is usually effect- IVE.

Summary of Loss Prevention

1. Provide iron to prevent an. aemia in suckling pigs.

1. Pigs are not vegetarians. See that the diet contains a sufficient amount of animal protein.

3. Provide minerals and sunlight (or feeding oil) to prevent rickets in weanlings. 4. Give iodine to the sow to pre- vent goltre and bairlessness in the young: 5. sterilize the iarrowing pen with scalding water to prevent worms.

6. Change diels gradually to pre- vent digestive disturbances.

7. Avoid respiratory diseases by housing pigs in buildings reason- ably warm. dry and free from draughts.

THE 4-H MOVEMENT

At the present time there are eleven 4-ii clubs in Prince County.

club lpredominantly Holstein) and one is a 4-H potato club located in 0'Leary. This is the only potato club on Prince Edward island. Members are taught the various varieties of potatoes. disease con- trol and cultivation practices. In Queens County. there are five 4-H calf clubs I predominantly Holsteins and Ayrshires) with two Shorthorn beef clubs. In Kings County. there are six 4-H calf clubs (predominant- ly Ayrshiru.i.

WHY CALF CLUBS:

Four-H calf clubs benefit rural youth in various ways. youth. as the 4-H club motto states. "Learn to do by Doing." Four-H members hold regular mon- thly meetings where they learn parliamentary procedure and the correct way In conduct meetings. They learn to work together for the benefit of their club as a whole. They learn the proper hus- bandry methods in the feeding and management of dairy calvae. l- hy. the cultivation and the tiling of the land for garden and grain crops. Each year each club pari- ' ' in public ' ' and de- bating contat. This training equips our rural youth how to express them selves before meetings and gives them eonfldence and self ax- preealon.

NUMBERS or CLUBS:

since ital the 4-1! club move- ment in Canada has increased by leaps and bounds until at the present time there are widely scattered all over the world. in Canada the HI club movement has its head quarters in Ottawa. Ontario and is sponsored by many different large business organiz- ations in Departments of Agri- gtiltura throughout Canada.

I

Each year deserving members form the various clubs are re- warded for their efforts by a two- day tour to various centres and pointa of interest in the Maritimes. Five teams (two members per team) are selected on the basic of their ability to Judge dairy catle and on practical oral questions con-

' feeding and manage- ment of livestock to go to the Amherst Winter Fair and one team from the dairy clubs. one from the clothing clubs. one from the poultry clubs and one from the garden clubs to represent the Island

sroillactl u PSETT NIUSTHMIMIO

' PI-llLI.IPS' MILK OF MIOIIESIA .,.lufrMiemAen'&

lfhw Dtsg lists

IITES I 'l00tI.Iaaha.ura..-unai.. 00';-'3-.r"'i.i.i.'1:'m.:a".i.';.....-3

tLnii:s tmiiti

zm

lCiiyand Cenira

Ten of these clubs are 4-H calf

l-iural F

ROY'8 TAXI - Dial IE-IIC.

CRASWELL for graphs.

I-IOME BUILDERS have your house wired on time. One year to pay. Consult Drown Electric.

COLUMBIA Television a I d Norge refrigerators. easy terms. Brown Electric.

WE HAVE a few sets of Chrome Wheel Rings for 40 Dodge and Plymouth. Chev.. Pontiac 48-49. Mercury and Monarch 42-48. Going at 57.00 per. set. Tanton Acc. Ltd.

ENGAGEMENT-Mr. and Mrs. Charles F. Worth. Weymouth St. wish to announce the engagement of their youngest daughter Betty Lou to John Carlyle son of Mr. and Mrs. John R. Turner of Charlottetown. Marriage to take place in the near future.

at the Royal Winter Pair lat Toronto in the National 4-H con- tests held in Ontario each year. BANG8 DISEASE:

This year a special cffort has been made to have all 4-H calves vaccinated against Bangs Disease an a step in the right direction. To date about half of the calves in the clubs have been vaccinated and uuangments have been made to vaccinate the remainder of the club calves as they reach the age between six, seven and eight months.

CALVES:

There has been a definite trend in the 4-H clubs in go out and purchase high quality pure bred calves each year and at present some 4-! calf clubs consist mostly of pure bred animals. Each year the club member purchases a pure bred calf and gradually accumu- lates a number of pure bred stock which should allow our rural youth to get away to a good start as future farmers as the 4-H club calves are owned by the club mem- bers themselves.

THE 4-H CLUB FUTURE: Four-H club work not only inl Prince Edward Island but all oveil the world is becoming more POD-l ular as time goes on because ruralt youth realise the tremendous bene- fits that are to be derived from 4-H club work in the raining they receive for the future.

"CLUB NEWS"

The regular meeting of lie Brackley Point Seaside 4-H Call Club was held in Harrington Hall on August 13rd. The meeting open- ed with the 4-H club pledge. follow- ed by the roll call. The minutes were then read and approved. it wns decided to hold an "Achieve- ment Day” on either the 8th or 9th of September in Harrington. A discussion then took place re- garding the public speaking con- test which will be held on Sept- ember l5th. The meeting was ad-

I! The Guardian Page 3 Wednesday. Sept. 7. 1 '

”'"" ""””' Ilushers WII

don't find it easy to feel affection

sign of interest and reception and a readiness to be courted."

journed. followed by the program.

Blush At This

BRISTOL, England tAPl-Peo- pie who blush too eaaily are "rather fickle in their affection g

ate toward others." a Eri psychologist said Tuesday.

Dr. Joseph sandler of London's Tavistock Clinic also told the Brit- ish Association for the Advance- ment of Science that generally blushcrs don't like Ian music be- cause they think "it is an invita- tion to be uninhibited."

Blushers. be said. "not only fear being seen but feel guilty If they see things they are not supposed to . But the normal blush fulfills an important function in the propaga- tion of the human specie "a

Fruit Crop To Be Larger

OTTAWA tCPi - This year's crops of apples. pears. plums and prunes, peaches and cherries will be larger than in 1954. the bureau of statistics reported Tuesday in its second estimate of fruit production.

The estimate revises figures in a preliminary estimate Aug. I. The crops of apples. pears and peaches will be larger than anticipated earlier. while those of plums and prunes. apricots. cherries. straw- berries, raspberries and grapes ere below last month's forecast.

The apple crop is estimated att l7.646.000 bushels. up from the 14.- 500.000 bushels last year. Gains are expected in all -,.ple-producing areas.

Frra I&,ps3wHuIssn winch j j jet!

cow ritual ti.-mite sort!

Qb.Jx.o.zv;k: 65 '0c35-5'

LANOLIN)

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suv ORIENT-No on-tsit win. so

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20700" SALE

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51.00 51.08 51.20 51.40

Every pair unconditionally guaranteed rune irons aaassuieofiuring ddeab.

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NYLON SALI

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' .a.fWii?:x

An impressive array of materials and colours!

Wednesday. Thursday. Friday and Saturday

SEPTEMBER 7th. Bib. 9i'lI and 'l0'HI!

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' laoh suit 5 skmfalb Idler-ed to your exact meaaunssseuta by an of caaasIa's leading elatlshg maanfaeineni

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llATON'8 lndgef Pien Tenn may be arranged I deeiredt

(C

it 8 s .