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THE GIIARLOTTEHWIII GUARDIAN

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Yesterday The Guardian called attention to the considerable in- convenience which will result from the action of the Canadian Na- tional Railways in discontinuing the late train and car ferry service to and from the Province. We sug- gested that while rigid economy was desirable and even necessary, it was an unsound policy to disre- gard the rights of the Province to through communication with the mainland with both the Maritime Express and the Ocean Limited from Montreal to Halifax. The matter is one over which the rail- flay management, and net the Ped- eral Government, has control, and the attitude of the management was clearly expressed in the com- munication of Vice-President Hun- geriord to the federal Minister of Railways, published in Monday's Guardian. Mr. l-iungerford states that there is no discrimination against this Province, as reductions are being made in other sections. We suggest, however, that his atti- tude does constitute discrimination and that it is inconsistent with the stated policy of the railway man- agement as announced recently by Sir Henry Thornton. In an article prepared for the Financial Post and published in that journal on Sept. 19th, Sir Henry is quoted as saying:

b

1 “To offset the decrease in ex- ] press revenues on account of "I truck competition we are trying l out a new experiment. The situ- lation is this. We run a certain number of passenger trains, and are obliged to do so today in or- der to preserve the continuity of service to the difierent commun- ities. These passenger trains have got to be run, and today they are running light. Now, we have up- der consideration the filling of l those trains with package freight _ at freight rates, L.C.L. rates. The trains have got to be run, the ex- ‘ pense is there, let us fill the trains up and see if we cannot make some money." '

If it be imperative that the trains should run in other Pro- vinces, there seems no logical rea- son why they should not run to Prince Edward Island. We have as much right to expect “continuity of service" here as in other parts of Canada. even if it involves partici- pation ln the package freight ser- V109. Sllzsested by the president and 89118181 manager of the Canadian National Railway.

OYSTER FISHERIES

The optimistic statement of Hon. E. N. Rhodes, Minister of Fisher-

ies. with respect to the potential- ities of oyster production in the waters of this Province, is very re- assuring. In connection with the plans under way for the develop- ment of this industry, however, it is necessary to remember that oys- ter culture is a slow process, and cannot be spceded up without dan- ger. Scientific investigation of the oysters in the Malpeque Bay area was commenced as early as 1903 when the movable laboratory then maintained by the Biological Board 01’ Canada was stationed at Mal- llfique. When the necessity of cul- tivation became more obvious as the abundance of the oysters de- cllned, further surveys of the con- ditions in the bay were made u“. der the auspices of the Biological Board In i910 the Fisheries Act was amended to enable the leas- 1118 0f oyster grounds, and work-

ing agreements were entered into by which the provinces had control 01 19581113. In 1913 ‘the Nlathleson 5,000 acres in Malpeque Bay to about a 110KB Wmillnies. This was the be- ginning of a movement to encour-

Government leased about

age private culture, but unfortun

ately the activity was cut short in 1016 and 1010 by a disease which killed almost all the oysters of the

area and for many years therear

ter no oysters from the bay were marketed and the lessees with one exception refused to carryout their

ment, handln: back

the work of intensive fishing with- out cultivation and reduced stock to a level so low that for‘ years the number of marketable oysters present was nesllglblv ‘Wm an economic point of view. oysters immune to the disease are increasing in numbers at the heads o1 the extent everywhere along the shores In other sections not affected by the disease there has also been a noticeable increase through meth- ods of culture adopted under the‘; supervision

the oyster -

y leasing and culture. The disease of iais-ia completed

the

Now

inlets and ho a lesser

of the Biological Board. These increases, according to Mr. S. T.Gallant.superlntendentof Fisheries, are promising auguries for the future development of the in- dustry on a scale undraimed of at the present day. Emphasis Ls still placed, however, on the continued necessity oi’ careful cultivation. without which there would be rap- id depletion instead of develop- ment. Recent investigations have had as their goal the accumulation of knowledge of the local condi- tions and of the life history of the oysters sufficient to adapt known methods of culture to the needs of the areas. and if possible, t0 41-500"?! improvements. These investigations have been carried on $115118 ‘the Dlkent year, and have reached the point where predictions as to the future of the industry can be made with some degree of confidence.

In a recent report of the Mal- Peqllc Bay oyster fisheries, Prof. A. W. H. Needler, of the Biological Board of Canada, thus summarizes the recommendations which have been made to the Federal Govern- ment with a view to developing the industry:

(l1) That cultivation of the local stock be uncourngeil lu every pus- slblo wiry. us the only menus 01 rc- euiubllslilng the oyster industry‘ of the nren. The only feasible menu» u! milking‘ those who rciip the prof- it ilo the work of cultivation seems to be the lensing of areas to prlvniv. individuals for use for oyster cul- ture. This has been the must suc- cessful method elsewhere of bulld- lug up the industry.

ill) Th“ lliuuiilll; of oysters from other arena iu the bliilpeque liuy urcn be strictly prohibited nu it is not only unprofitable hut xluuger- our-other iliseuses 11ml parasites iuuy be brought in.

(ill That the area be kept closed to Iiubllc fishing.

(ii) That oyster culture in the upper reaches of the inlets he en- courugcil null thiit ground lie lcnscil there for the purpose.

(o) Thnt the reputation of the urea for high quality oysters be pru-_ tected lly strict grniliug because tho [IPINIIICUUYI will be, for the present, largely ut the bends n! the inlets. To iniiku control possible the slilp- iuouts wlll iiuvc to be clearly inurkml with the name of the producer and the [llur-c of production.

(f) That a strip along tlie shore out t0 u ilcptli of three feet nt an Uftllllflfy low tide be considered nop- nrutcly from the rest in lr-nslug, mui that n0 one be permitted to obiniu ii louse of more shore thiin is suf- ficient for the collection of uput to be ilsoil on his arch.

Tn prevent the production of oyaters on grnuud subject to pollu- tlou (extremely unlikely iu (his uri-ul lo prevent the possible mun- upoly uf splitting grounds. linll to prevent the use of grounds wlu- ihp ipiiility of the oysters produced might he tnn low, it is rei-nmiucnil- e41 [lint no lenses ho grnuicil until n i-urelui exuuiiuntlun of the proposed llfl-‘II ill imule by a qunliflcil em- ployee of [lie liepnrtinent llliil n

r0 I

sores av rm: WAY; l

An uchange says: Moat of n: are old enough to remember when it was hard times all the time. Hard times are normal. Our fath- ers before us never lived in e881‘ times. Life is a. battle and not a;

picnic. We get a fleeting taste of‘

"nmm and the Saunders Gmemwprosperity once in a while, but

permanent prosperity areas to the federal authorities on bauyhoo, ma, you 8e; on the ygdiO the understanding that the latter during political campaigns.

would continue development work

is simply‘

We must face things as they are and go to work. There are people who reach for the paper in the morning to see if good times are coming back. They want to see what the Government is going to do for them. They think the latter is Santa Claus.

During the Napoleonic Wars the future looked none too bright for London. The fanancing involved in that war was especially difficult and for a long time England met with no success whatever on the continent. Apparently London was] relegated to a position of second- ary importance to Paris in that period. but the working out of, events brought London to the fore‘ again. '

The sir-called mutiny of the Brlty lsh fleet was not nearly so serious] as was reported a few days ago. It. . will be recalled that in 1,000 years, the Royal Navy has had but one real mutiny and that was in 1101i after Sir John Jervis had defeated the Spanish at Cape St. Vincent.

I Old-timers and those not so old,

day or any day of more than uh-

in the summer and sleds. in the winter-tme, meant revenue to the private establishments which catered to the owners. Possibly

tem for the motor-car. Large cities to--day have such private systems in operation.

In looking at the Manchurian situation there are several facts to bear in mind. Very recent ar- rangements may make Mnnchuria legally a part of China. but his- torically it has always been a reg» ion apart. Both before and since the establishment of the republic, Manchurlans, as a separate people, dominated to some degree the affairs of China proper, and the reverse is now by no means estab- lished. Japan in 1904 fought to drive Russia out of Southern Man- churia, and Russia would dearly love to creep back behind the backs of Chinese leaders harassed by in- ternal disorganization. The very rapid increase of Japanese lation forces g policy 0f territorial expansion on Japan. Within the past few months a Japanese offlcer proceeding to Mongolia and hav- ing official. Chinese was taken from a train and murd- ered under the pretext of execut-

discover the culprits.

tien on September _14 when it

‘this run from 192a until last‘

lAprll when the c. P. n. took it from the English company. Now itI has reduced. the scheduled time be- tween London and Swlndon once

fuvnruble report is received.

iinua rouuilu in be uolvcd which iiro of importance tn oyster culture n this urea, it in rvciuniiiemliail liiilcforil river above the point incul-

uaiile ilueilnn of oysters, it lining uuiior- ainml rniloetiou of apnt which do not iii- terfere with the experiments be nllnivcil, thnt the iiren

tlnn of oysters null that stock frvnn this experimental Inrm will he nvnll-

liiilpcquo Bny arcn.

of the industry on the basis sug gested.

EDITORIAL NOTES

When Britain's National Gov

semi-act m 1m an caramel" W" signed between the nah-u Gov-IPaIt, by a curious touch of th

(h) As n grunt number of ques-

ly known ilit Dawson's cape be an! l for experiments in the pro-

tlmt operations such as the will

will he utilised intensively for the cultiva-

rilile for use In other parts nf the

These recommendations the Fed- eral Government has now under

consideration and detailed plans are being made for the development

eminent suspended the gold stan- dard and the exchange value of the pound sterling dropped to $3.03, the practical effect was to impose an import tax of 21 per cent on foreign goods entering the United Kingdom. Thus, notes the Sydney-had in any period of peace since e the repeal of the Corn Laws.

again and so regains the “title." iHowever, Canada can still laY

p1,; lclaim to the world's fastest long

distance train, for the Canadian iNationai does the 334 miles be- tween Toronto and Montreai in six hours flat or an average of 55.1 miles an hour.

The British people have been told plainly that an emergency exists and that drastic measures are required to meet it. They have been prepared for it, and now they know what is expected of them. They have met and surmounted tremenfloua obstacles before. The Napoleonic wars left them in a fslmllar position to which they new find themselves. They pulled through that period. Their backs are against the wall again; and they are not likely to fail in any- thing they undertake.

irony of fate, a Cobdenite Chancel- lor of the Exchequer has unwit- tingly given British industry the heaviest all round protection it has

can recall the time when market-bill him when

usual gathering of wheeled vehiciesl

mnll- '

permission,

Ispeeds up the seventy-seven mile cease attacking merchant zgzggetlfie“ 192:2’; tgerffinizlzlneutral or English, inside 0r out-‘pmducer, o! south Amman and

- m 65 W; l“. 3 -d {side the war zone. m. Page, the‘ Australia unable to bomw m,‘ um G- w- R- held l» ‘I will“ "w" °".American ambassador in England, ab“ w bum and endeavor,“ to

THE QEQLUPTETOWN GUARDIAN

What l 3011p i of fiours

8513a W. BAHMJLD

THE BRAIN AI-‘l-‘Edih DIGESTION I sometimes speak of brain

Great Britain "cannot and will not (work the interna"

ard if the other creditor nations dol

not play [The New Staturnan and Nation, inl ‘a ringing wsuxssion o! the gold, istandcrd p. "

The Gold Standard

In a prophetic declaration that l gold stand-_ _

"the rules of the camel‘!

, demands an in-Q

‘issues can be pnihiy discussed and} lfaced, and a decision arrived at as And thith

to whether it is in the interests of

Mimi-i lfii-vw-cnnniii-uii

nnvorm ms noruzou ._.__.. ‘When men 8° 5°“ w s” L“ 8m!" ltemntionai conference of the gold when down istandard countries at which the Some isle or

a

he sea they 8°- goal

aud. gale.

appetite as availed to 1m. mean-' the world economy either that when down the m they 8°

l . 111B that the brain, the senses. matters should continue as at pres- when souls so down to m, w, by

slam and smell, enter largely intojehi or that Great Britain should be.

whether or not food gets a good start in the progress of digestion!

Drs. Maius and Porges, Berlinf studied the manned in which the sight and smell affected digestion of food in the stomach.

First, they poured about half a pint oi’ a caffeine solution down a tube into the stomach and half an

u l hour later this was removed from:

the stomach and the amount of not necgssgry to go into academic

digestion was noted.

The following test was made in. the same persons later- Whila the‘ caffeine solution was being intro-

duced an especially favored food‘

‘which the person was very fond of.

was placed before him so that he could see and smell it. Moreover, the person was told that this food would be given to him with 'the' next meal.

In the third test. instead of food that excited his appetite, food of such a kind or in such a condition

‘that it gave him B. feeling of our

gust or nausea was placed in front 11g was given the‘ caffeine solution.

In all the tests the contents of the stomach were withdrawn, after.

digestion was noted. E rh that test in which the food he

him, the degree of digestion was much farther advanced than after,

ithe first test where nothing w"s in

ifront of him or after the test‘ wherein he had the feeling of‘ disgust. This was observed during the first half hour. Within the second half of the hour no such difference was found. You can thus see how it happens that every time you attempt to eat fcertaln food, you have a feeling of nausea. This may be due to the

‘lfact that at some past time some-

vthing was present that caused a feeling of nausea or disgust. and the brain now remembers it.

i Thus when you are anxious to have some one eat iecessary food, it would be very much worth while

,to try to give him food that he,

likes, and avoid other food, how-

‘ever nourishing, for which he has 0. dislike.

l New Light On Wilson

forced off the gold standard.

The whole world is heartily sickl of the selfishness and folly, the article continues with which the international gold stand rd is be-. ing worked. Instead o! being a means of facilitating inter-

r i I

national trade, Zhg gold standrrdi when I go down to the sea by 91111.

éwhy mourn and will 11l-

/ ship,

And the dark ship's name is Death, the ‘w’ savings along with the Canada Life's

ishing sail?

And only a shiP 18 Deflh’

has become a curse laid upon the And Death unfurls her sail.

economic life of the world. It is wggp not for me, for there will be A living host on another coast To beckon and cry. ‘N1 hill!’ l-aobert rreeman. ln the Cllflliil“

questions cs to how far the fall in the world level of prices has been

brought about by a world shortagel Cantu,»

of goldIt is only necessary to look at the present distribution of the world's gold supplies. Half the world's gold stocks are now held by America. Between December, 1929. and December, 1930, the.American gold stocks rose from £880,000,000 w

Ir944.oo0,ooo, aha the Hench from

$36,000,000 in 2431000000. At the present time the American gold stock ls about £i,000,000,000 and the French £471,000,000. The rcafiflll for this concentration of gold in America and France la that these countries have not lent their surplus balance on international account as Great Britain used to do

‘wards and the amount or degree 011m the past, France appears to

have employed virtually the whole of her international surplus during

time will develop some such svs- lllleil and was promised was before the last three or four years in the

purchase of gold and short term liquid claims instead of embarking on long term investments abroad. The attitude towards long term foreign investments of investors in the United States has vii-fled. but has been generally unfavorable. except in periods of boom when

IAmerlcan issuing houses have lost

their heads. It was the opinion of the Macmillian Committee that the disposition of these creditor: coun- tries te employ their international balances in the purchase of liquid clilms, including gold, had been primarily responsible for the dis- astrous m1‘ in the level of world prices. Yet it is one of the objects of the gold standard to maintain stability of the intematlonal prim level.

Consider the point; of view of the debtor coun- tries. As the mittee pointed out, the sole pract-

(Toronto Exchange) In his new book, States," Mlr. F. J. Stimson, former-

“lé mm "5 a 5P5’? the Chmesedy American ambassador to Argen- authorities say they have failed to “m,” throws new 118m; on the 1am

President Wilson's course in the war. According to this writer, Mr.

. For a. few short months, says wilsan decided to enter the w“ countries the Edm°nt°n Jwmal- Canada‘ on the side of the Allies when the “the, than improve as a rem“; o; has held the distinction of operat-lsmex was sunk by a Germanium“. having to expo" gem For 1t m8 the fastest tram m the w°r1d-'siibmarine in 1916. Secretary Lan- 15 usually beyond their power to the c. P. R. running its Montreal Smg~5 first '

T°'°“°° “We; a‘ s" miles P" note to Germany provided for im‘.'rapid1y and completely as to permit hour on the stretch between Mbnt-Imediate severance o; dgplomagig‘ a complete cmaflon or borrowing, Teal and 5m1th3 Faus- “m! th°'relations, but somebody intervened/yet‘ in so f“. u they export gold. 124 miles in 108 minutes, start l0 Nothing was done g0;- 13 days‘ and‘ we“, credit u bonowus sullen '39P- The Great western Railway then s, revised note was despatch- Th“. having 10st their gold 5nd °‘ Ellllmd W1“ m“ ‘his “Sim” ed to Berlln merely demandlns {not being able to borrow. they are