one o

P 0 E T R Y. THE BONNIE, BONNIE BAIRN.

FROI 'rnir “oxalar.oszxz's WALLET."

The bonnie, bonnie hairn, wha sits pokin in the use, Gloweriu in the fire wi’ his Wee round face; Laughin' at the fuflin lowe, what sees be there? Hal the young dreainer's biggin castles in the air.

His wee chubby face, an’ his tuizie curlIy pow,

Are luugbin' ati' nuddiu' tn the danciu uwe.

lIe’II brown his may checks, iin' sings his sunny hair, Glowerin’ at the imps wi' their castles in the air.

He sees inuckle castles towering to the moon,

He sees little sodgrrs pu‘in‘ them a'doun;

“'arlds \vhonihling up and doun, blas-zin‘ “’I a flare ; See how he loops, as they glimmer in the air!

For a’sae sage he looks, what can the laddie ken ?

Ilc's thinking upon uni-thing, like many mighty men:

A wee thing make us think,asm 1' thing muksIus stare—— There are their folk than him building castlts In the air.

Sic a nightin winter may wch mak him cauldI:

His chin upon his buffy hand will soon niak hint mild ; "is brow is brenl see raid, 0 pray that paddy (Intro ‘Vnd let the Wean alane, wi' his castles in the air.

He’ll glower at the fire, an‘ he'll keek at the light;

But many sparkling stars are swallowed up by night; A'ulder cen than his are glamoured liy a glare, I I Hearts are broken—heads are turned--wi’ castles in the air.

=2

EMIGRATION. (From the Scotsman.) We lately gave an account of the Emigration to Canada,

- but a recent return puts us in possession of the amount of

and T

emigrated to all foreign countries in 1811 :—

tion to all quarters of the globe.

To flmcrica : England. SCnIlIIntI. Irrlmul. Tum’. United States 39306 2058 3893 43(ll7 Texas ‘ 46 —— ~— zit; Central America 105 —-» — 00'

North flincrimn Colonies :

Canada 0090 3730 105-12 9030‘) New Brunswick 338 2-70 663$ 72‘” N. Scotia dc Cape Breton 618 16513 33 2144 Newfoundland 7d 48 2|t’l 336 Prince Edward Island 325 885 (321 1831 West Indies .- Jtimaica ] I I I 162 —- 1273 British Guiana 84 i3 —- 147 Trinidad 29 58 —- S7 Other \Vcst India Islands 5” 83 26 6‘23 Falkland Islands . ‘26 — -- 26 Cape of Good Hope 368 —— —- 2t 8 Mauritius, ' 49 —- — 4i) Moulmeiti _ 4 _. 4

.dustralian Colonies .-

Sydnev 1998.3 2900 2214 17402 Pint Philip 572i 1907 2200 9894 Van Diciuen’tl Land 757 40 —- 800 South Australia 103 7 —— 175 lVestern Australia 357 -- — 357 New anlaud 377 13 —— 390

I Total 79104 14000 32428 I 1852!)

There is something curious in the preference which the

emigrants from England, Scotland, and Ireland display for

diflbrcnt localities.

The proportion emigrating to the countries below are as

follows: IMIGRANTS. [Inglis/t. Scottish. Iris/i. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. To United States 54 1M 12 i To Sydney 17 ‘dli 7 To Canada 8; 25 58 To Port Philip 8 l4 7

The 118,592 emigrants, probably, carried with them, or

expended oti their passage, £20 each ; and thus the money

which left the country must have amounted to upwards of

£2,000,000.

This gigantic emigration is one of the things which con- vey an idea of the immense resources of Britain. The Uni- ted Kingdom contains only the ninth part of the population of Europe; and we believe it maybe safely said, that all the other eight parts do not send out half the number of eini- grants annually which are sent by the British Isle alone.

TIIE THAMES TUNNEL. ( From Blackicoozt’s J'llagazt'ne.)

This extraordinary work is now on the point of comple- tion; and the boldness of the enterprise and the indefatiga- ble labour with which it has been prosecuted, anti the lie- markable skill which has been exerciser] in bringing it to this point of unquestionable success, place it among the most remarkable scientific performances of the age. \Vc know that niiytbing may he laughed at, and that the world is fond of laughing the most at the gravest things; but we have no inclination to join in ridicule of a work which ex- hibits so singular a combination of the daring and practical —of the lofty speculation and the profound science, both so characteristic of England, and so honourable to the national character. It is true that the chief'engineer ofthis'stupcnd- one work is a Frenchman ;but we see much less ground for national jealousy in his origin, than for national honour iii Ilue employment. England beasts, and justly, ot‘hcr attract- ing the commerce of the world. ller still proudcr boast should be, her attracting the talents oftlie world. A nation can give no higher evidence ofits superiority than its disre-

- gard oflittlcncss oftill kinds. The Roman nciicr gave a clear- er evidence ofhis being marked for the master of'thc world than when he borrmved the arms. of the conquered nations —-when he adopted the lance of the Samnite, the shield of the Volscian, and the falcliion of the Tarantine. \Ve only wish that otir adoptions were larger and more frequent; that we had the power of calling to our country the talents of every great sculptor, architect, and painter of Europe ; and that we had thus nobly inonopolised Thorwalsen, Cauova and the builder oftlie Pantheon of Paris and the still love: lier Madeline. ’

The tiinuel has now completely reached across the river —-a distanceIof 1,200 feet—and the propmtor and engineer had the gratification, a short time since, of being tlig first who walked frotn bank to bank, to the shalt on the London stde.I Those shafts on both sides of the river, which are iii-

tendcd for feet passengers, are really grand things. They

area successmn of'stnircnses, going round a vast cii'cular ex- cavntion, between 70 and Wheat deep, and when they shall be all“ htod with gas, Will be among the most extraordina-

following table gives the number of persons who

millions than oue,and where llfl bridge could be thrown across without blocking up the most iiiiporlaut part of the Thames, that‘ portion which may be called the great WM dock of London. Yet the expense of the whole has not amounted to more than £400,000; and even this is to be re- mcmbered as an expense greatly increased by the utter nov- elty ofthe experiment, by diflicultics unforeseen in the com- mencemeiit, by several eruptions of the river, by the deer- ness of workmcii’s wages, arising from the peculiar peril and singular nature of'thc labour connected With an undertaking carried on at all hours, and wholly by artificial light. All this, too. iii constant. hazard ol'au influx oftlic river, andItlic various ditliculties belonging to workmg iiiIa mine. I‘lle weight ot‘a vast body ofwatct' above, actmgInlike during sum— mer and winter, which at any moment might break in, null against whose incursions it was as necessary to fortify tlIieIout- side ol‘ihe tunnel as the interior, added greatly to the ditlicul- ty ofthc undertaking.

passengers, and general traffic from the rich counties on the Kent side to that great mercantile region of the metropolis ——tlic London antll‘last and \Vest Indian docks. How far this will be now effected, is a qiiestioti which remains to be decided by experience. There can be no doubt, that if the traffic be not impeded by the fear of passing under the river, it must be immense. The convenience ofcsenping the long

structions in the streets, and the general difficulty ol'pzissiiig through the most crowded portion of the city, which now occupy many hours, would obviously direct the whole clif- rcnt ot'tlic traffic into the tunnel. Ilitlierto, no expedient has been adopted to shorten the passage of the traffic; and the contrivance by which 1,200 clear thet are substituted for at least three miles of the most encumbered thoroughliircs imaginable, must be adopted as a matter of palpubIc advan- tage. Still, there may be difficulties in the way which prac- tice only can exhibit, But any fear of'the structure itself we should regard as altogether visionary The building of the tunnel seems to us solid as a rock. During the whole period from its commencement, we have not heard a siiIiglc instance of its giving way, vast as the pressure was trom above. and trying as were lllt‘ tlatiips, the ground springs,

moment, unless an earthquake should burst it, fabric seems much more likely to last than were it expo- sed to the diversities of temperature, the beats and frosts, above groii d. The specml advantage of the sys— tem of the tunnel is, that it can be adopted in any part ofthe course ofthc rivcr,'and even in its widest part (for few European rivers ext-ced the breadth oftlic Thames at Rotherbithe, unless where they spread into marshes or lakes), and yet ofi’er’ no impediment to navigation.

the whole

, l;

A PERPETUAL Minions—The beautiful extract which follows is a description of that wonderful people the Jews, as trite as it is striking. Infiilcls ask for miracles—they have one, not appearing to the eye in a flash, anti then becoming a more matter ofliistoric record, but one standing out be— fore all eyes, and enduring for 2,000 years. If they believe not a miracle, so stupendous and indisputable, neither would they be persuaded, though one were to rise from the dead :— “The present physical, moral and social condition of the Jews must be a miracle. \Ve can come to no other conclu- sion. Had they continued from the commencement of the Christian em down to the present hour in some such tia-

from the rest of'the human family, and by their selfishness on a national scale, and their repulsion ofalieu cements, t'e- sistiiig every assault from without in the shape of hostile iii- vasion, and fi‘om an overpowering national pride, forbidding the introduction of'new and foreign customs, we should not see much of miracle interwoven with their existence. But this is not their case—far from it. They are neither a united and independent nation nor a parasitic province. They are peeled and scattered into fragments, but like broken glo- bitlcs of quicksilver, instinct with cohesive power, ever claiming affinity, and ever ready to amalgamate. Geo- graphy, arms, genius, and foreign lielp,'do not explain Their existence; time, and climate, and customs, equally fail to un—

petuity. They have been spread over every part ofthe liabiti able globe; have lived under the reign of every dynasty; they have shared the protection ofjust laws and the oppres- sion ofcruel ones,and have vitnessed the rise and prog‘nss of'both ; they have used every tongue, and have livml iii ev- ery latitude;tlic snows ofLapland have chilled, and the buns ofAfrica have scorched them. They have drank of the Ti— ber, the Thames, the Jordan, the Mississippi. In every coun- try, and in even-y’degrec ot‘latitudc, we find a Jew. It is not' so with any other race. Empires, the moat illustrious, have fallen, and buried the men that constructed them, but the Jew has lived among the ruins, a living monumcnt’ofindes- tructability.—Persecution has unsbcathed the sword, and lighted the faggot ; superstition and barbarism have smote them with iiiisparing ferocity; penal rescripts and deep pre- Judice have visited on them most unriglitcous cliastisemcnt; an notwithstanding all, they survive. Like their own bush on Mount llorcb, Israel has continued in the flames uncon- suImed. They are the aristocracy ofScripture, reft corouets— princes in degradation. A Babylonian, a Thcbaii, a Spartan, nu Athenian, a Roman, are names known in history onlv; their shadows alone haunt the world, and flicker on its tab- lets. A Jew walks every street, dwells in every exchange, and relieves the monotony of all nations of thc'earth. The race has inherited the heir-loom ofimmortality, incapable of amalgamation. Like streamlets from a common head, and composed of waters ofn peculiar nature, they have flowed along every stream, without blending with it, or receivinn‘ its color or its flavor, and traversing the surface oftlie globe: amid thoI lapse of many centuries, peculiar, distinct, alone. [‘lic .leWisli race, at this day, is perhaps the most striking seal ofthe truth ofthe sacred Oraclcs. There is no possibility ofaccounting for their perpetual isolations, their oppressed but distinct being, on any grounds save those revealed in the records of truth.”

Surcms uros A Guava—An extraordinary case ofsuicide was perpetrated in this city on Sunday. ittle is known of the man who committed scllldestruction, but enounli is tin- (lerstood to attach deep intejcst and a spirit ofroriiance to the rash act. The deceased was a native of France and a young man of about twenty-five years ofngc. Ills trade was that ofa cutler, and he had been known to possess that Vivacity ofteinpernmeut and buoyancy of spirits so charac- teristic ofhis countrymen. He had been married to invite who was young, amiable and interesting. They were not overburthcned— with the world’s wealth, but a fountain of love, pure and disinterested, existed in the bosom of either ofthem, from which they mutually drank and were happy.

ry oft I whole structure. Even now, they strongly realise the poeticI conception of the descent into the ciivenis of” the Egyptian mysteries ; and the view of the interior, nearly ti quarter ofa mile in extent, lighted with a lone succession of melancholy flames, would probablv have sitt'rreZted to a Creek the image ot'un entrance into Tai‘tariis. 133?, in our d sublime is well exchanged for the practical, and formidable looking cavern will be stripped of its poetic assocmtions by the passage of caIi‘ters and wagons, bales of goods and herds ofbullocks. Still it would be almost tin- possible to devest ourselves of the recollections I't ally at- taching to this werk. We have before us altogether a new attempt to conquer nature—a great experiment to make riv- ers passable without boat or bridge—a new and capable con- trivanee fbr expediting the intercourse of mankind. The stone bridge is at all times the most expensive edifice in the world, and the bridge of boats is always liable to accidents, and almost certain to be broken up in everyinsiance ofa flood. Besides this, the fixed bridge blocks up the naviga- tion oftho river'for all vessels beyond the size ofa barge or a small steam boat. The expense of the stone bridge also is enormous. Waterloo Bridge cost upwards of a million—— London Bridge about as much more—Westminster and IBlackfriars’ IBridges, which were built at a cheaper rate and to cheaper times, so constantly demand repairs, that they probably have cost more than either of the modern ones; but the tunnel has the advantage of giving a passage from side to side of the Thames, where, from the breadth of the river, astone bridge would have probably cost nearer two

ay, the l

and this vast

proved this in my own family and on others so even on those scalded with boiling —R. flnwtt, m Gardener’s Chronicle.

what is desired: than to amuse people with false words, which often put them upon false measures.

The epidemic oflast year, which was indiscriminate in the selection of its victims, laid its feverish fingers on the be- loved wifc oftbe deceased, Mathilde Decelles, and carried herto the grave. She was interred in that last resting place of'the stranger in New Orleans—the Potter’s Field. From that time a change came over the spirit of her husband. Moodincss supplied the place of mirth-—despair usurped the station of vivacity. His friends sought every opportu- nity to cheer him, but the barbed arrow of sorrow had pierced his heart’s inmost core, and it was beyond the power of human effort to extract it. He continued to live on, over- shadowed with the blight ofmclancholy, until Sunday last when, taking with him a pistol, he proceeded to the Potter’si FIieltl, and stretching bimsclfon the grave ofhis wife, blew his brains out. Seltldcstriiction, at best, is a desperate al- ternative ; but in a case like this, where pure affection prompted the act, charity seems willing to interpose be- tween an offended deity and the suicide—.7ka Orleans Picayune.

IAN can \VchtiwmtAN’s CURE FOR A Scamp—Take thin green turf, sufficient to cover the place scalded - lay the green part on, without removing any ofthe cloths; t’here let

it remain for two liotirs, and the scald will be cured. lliave

veral times, water out of the furnace.

It would be more obligiiig to say plainly, we cannot do

atoms! staccato.

_-./ ,——-—'—‘—'

The original object of the tunnel was to convey cattle,

circuit up to London Bridge, which, fi-om the various ob-,

. . . . . . l and the extreme ddlu-ulty of building under water. At this .

tional state as that. in which we find the Chinese, walled oft"

rach it. None oftlieso are or can be springs of their per-l

_,__-__,_

NEW PATENT llIAl\'URTI‘I3;Iv "III S OVERHD P-Y MR. “ANN-ILL, 0F 'l'\‘\’EI-l . . I.I mil. CGcorgc Webb Hall, one atom ytcgJ’IrtsruélIfIgtI: 35:61: Bristol Agricultural Society, and Iwho, it vtplll) iglr Danie", of lfirst brought the new manurcIdiscoverct yIntémst in the duvet-ton, and which has excited so much 1R0 IaI AgricuL agricultural world, under the Inotice of the bII 3/ address In total Society of England, delivered a pp icx IaIned the “WW .0 . )romotimr vege a c I' II iii‘iiil‘iiscfsflof ngriciilturc, and disclosed the Cllcgitgsrpllf:j which had led to tbe IdiscIovery or: tILeIIncw compo- ,

0 wide 1 it is com os . I th(lili‘lelrfliil‘ifoiiihicucctl his observations by advertuIiIg :intcrcst that necessarily attached to the subject o In or- ‘ dress, which was one of the greatest lmIilOrtalIlce-Ilfll: i‘tIpIphIn tancc which was enhanced by tbcflconstderation t a , h Inns the last twenty years, no less than 1,000,000Iol Itlllglttnd Cln :- liad been addbd tothe population ofthe United mg or .

l Agriculture was a subject of the most com II miner, and was not. or should not, be confined by up cs :- matc which fell far short ofitspist demands. It was ( iicIct- lv conducive to the Well-being of Iman and to the Selim: y; of society, as well as to its prosperity and progress: IIwIiIte to be regretted that, vast as was the field ofinquiiy, stI) II d investigation into the principles of vegetable growl iI aI taken place. Until lately, the source ofnuti'imeiit forp qp i. 'had been unknown, and although Priestly and othersI ail discovered, fifty years since, that the atmosphere coptrainc t certain gasses which were the sources of vegetable i e,I\e ithc soil had been treated as the chiefageiit of production. llt has longiiccn a subject ofiiiquiry, plants, how are ,lllt‘ll' growth?

m BATH.

There‘ was every reason to believe that a 'rcplv could now be given ofa more satisfactory nature than bnd'ever been hitherto known; besules which, by the disco- Ivery of Mr. Danicll, a most important corroboration had Ivccotable growth; those elements were carbonIor charcoal,

livdrorzcn or inflammable gas, oxygen or vital air, and nitro-

"it". ‘All these elements existed in the atmosphere, in com- lbiuation with other elements, in which state they were found to be the sources of vegetable development. It was known

to persons accustomed to rural pursuits that the heaps of

vegetable substances, collected Ifor the purposes of manure, fdecomposxtion became greatly redu- ced in bulk and weight. lftlicy investigated the causes of this reduction, they would find that it was occasionedIbyIthe evaporation oftbe carbonic acid and ammonia, the principal sources of nutriment to plants. One great feature oftbe discovery of Mr. Danicll was, that it contained all the ele- ments ofvcgctable growth. It did not supply new elements, but the same derived from other sources. It was known that by combustion substances were rapidly decomposed, and its operation produced the elements ofvegetable growth. There were on .the earth numerous plants which were ap- parently useless, but it was a principle in nature that po- thing should be lost, and they were capable ofa reduction into their elements, and being made the means of vegetable growth in other forms. The discovery oer. Daniell was suggested by the fact that, while burning vegetables, be ob- served tbat the ashes became blackened by the surrounding smoke, and when used in that state were very fertilizing. This led him to inquire and investigate the cause, and as the result ofhis investigation, he had produced the new manure, the elements ofwliicli were carbon and ammonia. \Vitli it the principal properties would not fly off during decomposition, as that would take place in the earth. Among other advan- tages, it was light in weight, cheap, and capable ofbcing pro- duced in any quantity. Mr. Hall concluded his address by reading the following character of the manure and direction for its application :— ‘

“This manure has been applied by the discoverer to his own crops, on three acres ofpoor land, in an elevated situ- ation, on some of which he has grown wheat four succes— sive years, with improving results each year; its good effects are therefore founded upon cxnnricnce,personal observation,

nd the tcsti'monymf other observers competent to judge. ndividuuls of scientific attainments, to whom it has been communicated, are satisfied that the elements ofwbicli it is composed are all distinctly beneficial as contributing to ve- getation—some rapidly so, others gmduully, and some for a considerable period. From the nature oftlie manure, it is applicable, with some variations in its composition, to every kind ofcrop. It is not a stimulating manure, in the ordinary sense oftbe word—that is, it will not have a ton- dcncy to call into activity the existing resources in the soil —but its direct effect is to convey to the soil the direct nutri- nient of future growth. This effect is produced by the sup— ply of‘ammonia to the soil, in substances calculated to re- tain it fora time——to again absorb it from the atmosphere— as they give it out to plants during their growth. It is, there- fore, evident that there is nothing in the disposition ofthe manure to lead to future sterility—but everything the re- verse. It will probably prevent also the ravages ofinsects. Its mode ofapplication may be various, according to the (lif- fcringcircumstances oftlie crops. The application by drill is conducive to economy of the manure, and a direct appli- cation to the infant plant, as is the case with bone dust. Care, however, must be taken that it is not applied too directly to the plant, or without some portion of mould around it. This is the only precaution needed to avoid danger in its use. There is one requisite to’ prevent waste, as‘ itis ot'a volatile character: that is, to place it. several inches in the earth, as the earth will absorb and retain the volatile and va- liinblepart. For grass lands, for similar reasons, it will be well tobavo it mixed with a considerable portion oforilinarv unvaliied mould. lfthe mauurc,as manufactured, be mixed with an equal bulk of mould, it will be safe for application; or iftlio mould oftlie field be stirred over it when drilled, it will suffice. The quantity to be used will vary according to the crop, like any other manure. About twenty-foo: bushels per acre are recommended for wheat, and half as much more, or thirty-six bushels, might be beneficiallv ap- plied for turnips or manch wurtzel. The most beneficial quantities will easily be ascertained by the intellio‘ent farmer.” a Mr. llall produced a sample of the manure—n coarse black powder, havmg a strong smell somewhat resembling coal—tar.I Samples ofthe wheat grown by Mr. Daniel] were also exhibited, and it was stated, in reply to questions, that the crops produced were greaterin quantity, hem“. in qua. My :1an weight, and produced with one-third the ordinary quantity of'secd. The manure will probably be about one- third,thc present price of bone dust.