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WEDNESDAY, JUNE 16, 1965.
PAGE 4
New Crisis Stage
The big question for the Unit- ed States now is whether it is head- ing toward a Korea-type war in Viet Nam. This is the considered opin- ion of the New York Times. which is not given to alarmist statements on such subjects. ‘There are. it says, clear signs that the American ground forces in South Viet Nam not only will grow larger in coming months but will be thrown into open combat with the Communist Viet Cong for- ces. atts The news on both the. military and political situations in South Viet Nam is bad. The Viet Cong has dealt more defeats to government forces— and_more casualties to Americans— in increasingly savage fighting. In“ Saigon the premier and president have resigned. vielding power once again to military leaders in the coun- try's*eighth change of government in* the last 20 months.
The developments have stirred wide concern in Washington. Presi- dent Johnson held a series of meet- ing with his closest advisers, and in Congress there were demands for a full debate on the administration's Viet Nam policy. From Saigon a Times. correspondent reported: “‘Only immediate negotiations, of which there is no sign. could prevent the necessary use of American troops throughout the country during the summer.” : .
The use of U.S. forces for open combat would be the latest of sever- al steps taken bv President Johnson to expand the U.S. commitment in Viet Nam. His 18 months in office have coincided with steady Viet Cong advances that have given them con- trol of at least half of South Viet Nam. and with continued instability in Saigon that has undermined the anti-Communist effort.
The Times quotes Ambassador Maxwell Tavlor as saying that “the time for battlefield resolution is now upon us.” But this. it says, is not enough. The President ought to tell Congress and the American people what conclusions were reached on the extent to which the fast flowing United States military force in Viet Nam will take over the ground fight- ing there. and what reasons there are for believing that escalation in the jungle war will prove more effective than bonibing—and at what costs.
It is said. that of the unpleasant alternatives facing him. President Johnson favors increasing the U.S. commitment on a limited basis short of an all-out military effort. This method could be a play for time in hopes that the South Vietnamese themselves would gain strength to block the Communists and open the way to peace. negotiations. But the prospects would seem to far from reassuring.
On Firm Foundations:
Even before the Commonwealth ministers have had a chance to get seated .at their conference table in London this week. disputes are re- portedly “crackling” and there are pessimistic predictions as to the out- come. But this is customary proced- ure. The need for disposing of con- troversial issues is a basic reason for the calling of ‘Such conferences. And the Commonwealth is strengthened thereby. not weakened.
On our desk is a British Infor- mation Services release, just receiv- ed. in which this point is dealt with. The Commonwealth is described therein as an undefined racial part- nership, largely the product of his- torical accident. It is not difficult for critics to find faults in its setup. What they tend to disregard or light- lv dismiss is the one unwritten law, confirmed by tradition, which tran- slates idealism into realism effective- ly but quietly behind the scenes. This
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—
is the unique understanding among its 21 members to consult each other on matters of common concern.
Thus, every year about 35.000 telegrams go out from the Common- wealih Relations Office in London to the Commonwealth on every con- ceivable subject, supplemented by personal contact by the high com- missioners and the governments to which thev are accredited. And be- hind the governmental contacts are a multiplicity of people-to-people links at nearly every level and in al- most every sphere of activity.
The latest C_R.O. list, for instance, names 101 organizations, actively working to keep this “process of con- sultation”’ alive—and these do not in- clude the numerous trade bodies. They foster friendship among stud- ents, encourage areonautica! research, finance pioneer projects, award prizes for outstanding Commonwea achievements, help the deaf and tend the graves of two world wars.
As the Commonwealth evolved with the emergence of newly inde- pendent countries, new organizations sprang up with sought to meet the challenge by bringing together spec- ialists from the older countries to guide and advise the specialists from the newer ones. The Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau alone, situated in London, has 340 scientists and technicians operating 13 specialized agencies as well as 74 biological pro- jects scattered throughout the Com- monwealth. It is to meet next month to plan its next five vear campaign.
Excluding-- the - conference” now
, about to open, there are at least nine specialist conferences arranged from now until the end of this vear. Probably one of the most significant springs from an initiative taken by the 1964 prime ministers’ conference when it decided to emulate previous successful moves in education by
| calling a conference on medicine. Big things are expected of this gath- ering, which opens ‘in Edinburgh on
Oct. 14 and will be attended by
health ministers or their ‘deputies from 21 countries.
Thus this vast grouping of some 750 million people is, by consultation at every level, bringing about a cross-fertilization of knowledge and ideas which enriches the less-develop- ed.and older members alike. That is one very good reason for viewing its future with hope and confidence, despite the gravity of the issues which tend to divide it.
Surely Not Again!
*
| j |
Si
last days again for the second time
in 1,886 years. If so, it would be
sad for some 800,000 foreign tour- ists.who come each year to see the
Roman city a volcano buried on
August 24 in A.D. 79. A sad commen-
tary, too. on our boasted civilization.
The Italian press -has expressed alarm recently at reports that enough is not being spent to keep the fam- ous ruins from utter ruin. They pre- | dict that if Pompeii goes back to ruin
a second time, that will be the last
time. Nothing worthwhile will re-
main. The parching sun, heavy win- ter rains, and wind erosion are wear- ing away the pastel stone and brick buildings uncovered from the lava ash of Mount Vesuvius in two centur- ies of excavation.
The work of digging the buried
city back to. light started in 1755, after the location of ancient Pompeii was discovered in 1748. Most of the excavation has been done in the past 75 years. A whole new quarter was discovered in 1960. Preliminary ex- cavation disclosed princely villas with the petrified bodies of patricians. caught in their sleep by the eruption, and parents mummified as they rac-
| ed through falling ash in a futile at- tempt to lead their children to safety.
Work stopped later for lack of funds. Barbed wire still encloses this incomplete excavation. And oth- er new diggings are almost at a stand- still, while tourists tread the paving block streets, rutted deep with Ro- man chariot wheels. Yet there is much more to be. uncovered in the way of stadiums, shops and luxury villas.
‘ This unconcern for the past on the part of the Italian authorities is hard to account for. As a tourist at- traction alone the old city has been paying its way. And, of course, there are much more important reasons for preserving it for -posterity.
EDITORIAL NOTE
According to an Ottawa dispatch. the long-awaited report of Chief Jus- tice Dorion is now being put through a painstaking, checking, translation and printing process that will take about three weeks. Advance word in- dicates the report will be about the length of a James Bond thriller, and | it is likely to prove as: interesting.
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tien eceasenneemsnenammasase
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Ancient Pompeii may be in its.
|
/______ NOW THEY BOTH HAVE ONE OTTAWA REPORT By Patrick Nicholson _ P.M.'s Speeches All Carefully Documented
The Great Hal! of Sudbury's
| mew Laurentian University was
| deliver his last
| Conference
packed to capacity to hear Prime Ministers in London. major speech before departing to attend the of Commonwealth Prime Ministers in London. The distinguished audience enjoyed his confidently-deliver- ed oration, and appreciated his highly-minded aspirations for the nation. But few comprehen- ded the immense logistical pro-
| _blem behind the whole— smooth
operation of preparing, deliver- ing and recording that speech.
Indeed, the organization of backroom boys and the well- spring of experience and slog- ging work provided by the Prime Minister himself leads to such seemingly effortless pre-
- sentation that the pangs of pre-
paration are not given a thought by his audiences. Yet it merits
_ am appreciative scrutiny under
| he will
the microscope, because it is of a nature never before seen on Parliament Hill, just as Mike Pearson is the most completely documented Prime Minister Canada has ever had DREAM TO DELIVERY Starting from the point where the idea is conceived of inviting the Prime Minister to address an important local gathering, let us study the machinery right to the point where the delivered speech is filed away in the ar- chives on tape and also on pa-
r
First, the letter of invitation to the Prifne Minister is opened by his office staff and directed to his Appointments Secretary former Calgary lawver Jim Coutts. That former president of the Young Liberals of Canada has a regular 8.45 am. daily meeting with his boss, at which bring up such invita- tions, give his views as .to. the desirability and convenience of accepting, and suggest the most appropriate of the generally two or more dates offered.
The Prime Minister is unlike-
| ly to disagree with the exper-
ience- recommendation: so Jim. Coutts drafts» an- approp- riate reply; from there on the PM's staff has to make sure that he arrives at place at the right time. wear- ing the right clothes and with a prepared speech in his hand— and that he is fresh and rested from his journey.
Hal Dornan, a former Van- couver newspaper writer, is the co-ordinator of speeches for Mr. Pearson. Depending unvon_ the audience and the topic, he alerts
the right ™
Our Yesterdays
(From The Guardian Files)
TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (June 16, 1940) France, her life as a nation in deadly peril, chose 84-year old Mashal Henri Phillippe Petain as Premier today. The Paw Reynaud Government is gone, fallen in the face of the awe- some decision. which must be made, whether France can long- er resist on her own soil the le- gions of Nazi Germany.
France's mighty Magmot Line, long the symbol of secur-
| ity against an invader from the
slloren
east, was believed virtually abandoned, most of its 500,000 defenders withdrawn secretly in a new attempt to halt the arm- ies of Adolf Hitler.
TEN YEARS AGO (June 16, 1955)
Sub Lieut. and Sub Lieut. Eric Sheen of the Summerside Sea cadets will leave tomorrow morning. for Co-
mox, B.C., to take up an officers .
instructional course.
Walter L. Gordon, 49. Toronto- bern management consultant
and accountant, was appointed |
| as chairman of a royal commis-
sion to Tbok into Canada’s econ-
‘| omic future.
Verno Arsenault |
the appropriate members of the Prime Minister's staff— _per- haps Special Assistant Dick O'- Hagan and Policy Secretary Tom Kent—and any govern- ment department whose affairs might be touched on.
Hal Dornan puts together the sections |
suggestions and draft which flow in. Pearson reads these through, notes com- ments in the margin, makes ' amendments, and always writ- es about one-third of the speech himself;—in—his-neat-small--writ-
ing using pencil on a_ pad of long lined sheets of paper. There are generally two or
three revisions and retypings.
FINAL POLISHES
- On the appointed day the Prime Minister, perhaps ac- companied by Jim Coutts, Dick O'Hagan and other’ staff, and the local MPs and Minister, tak- es off from Ottawa's Uplands airport in the government Jet Star. On the flight he rereads
the final draft; in his hotel suite he gives it another polish. Then the secretary on duty retypes it
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ing. } to p ate with age and “gives
ize in the lower back and occas- ionally is so severe the victim cannot stand or sit. Most of these men and women feel worse as the day passes At Inight they twist and squirm, try- ing to find a comfortable posi- tion. Diagnosis is made via spe- cial ‘X-rays that visualize the vertebrae and the protruding part of the disk
Surgery is suggested when pain persists or t is evi- dence that sili as the spinal cord is leading to per- manent damage. In some. the
condition can be, corrected by ;
temoving the protruding portion of the disk. In others. the entire disk is removed and the verte- brae are fused with a bone graft ;
Experiments are being con- ducted with an injection treat- ment. Hvdrocortisone is used by some. and a digestive enz- yme by others. The material is injected directly into the dis- eased disk Time will tell whe- ther these methods will replace surgery
Not everyone requires an op” eration Some _ victims 46 through periods of pain and re- lief. They improve with bed rest
and copies are duplicated for**attd physiotherapy. Much de-
the press. But the perfectionist MP will repolish a phrase and reword a. sentence here and there even during the preceding | banquet or while on the plat- form.
While he is speaking, one of- | | ficial checks his words against | the typed speech; another tak- es down his words in shorthand; a—third__records_ his spoken words on a tape recorder. These are checked against each other, edited to cut out ad lib- bed redundancies, and a perfect text is compiled.
Through this process. every word uttered by the Prime Min- ister, in speech or press confer- ence, in hall or on airport tar- mac, is on record on tape and on paper: a mine of wealth -for future historians, and from which another volume of speech- es will no doubt be published.
Who Needs Science? |
Ottawa
Dr. Alistair Cochran, a dis- tinguished scientist, has been retained by the Golf Society of Great Britain to conduct re- search into the golf swing.
Dr. Cochran bristles when asked if he doesn't feel golf a trivial subject for a scientist. He thinks golf no more a waste of time than the theatre, music or art and adds:
“We're seeking to enrich knowledge of a came every player tries to understand: and we're contributing to pure science at the same time, Later we hope to publish papers on the work we're doing as well as the results for golfers.’
By the time the study is fin- ished, Dr. Cochran hopes to be able to give professionals some much surer ground to work on. He continues, ‘‘and I'm certain- ly one of the first to need their help.”
The London Observer has an extraordinary story about © Dr.
Cochran which indicates he has -
Journal
! a natural genius for golf. When he was a nine-year-old boy he
played a round alone on the Ladies’ Course at Elie. Fife, Scotland and in reperting on
his game to his family remark-
ed casually he had taken six on
the 3rd, one at the 4th and sev- /en at the, Sti >-His family >stop- ped him. “One at*the 4th?”
In the evening his father and brother took him out on the course~ again and at the 4th there -was considerable lauzht- er. “This is where Alastair gets
| down in one,.”’ they said
“Yes,"’ said Alastair. He hit his ball, it pitched on the green —and ran on straight into the hole: .
“Now do you beligve me?" he said. Dr. Cochran is believed to be the only nine-year-old to have scored two aces at one hole in one day. After that. he can afford scientific study of a swing that’s gone off a little. Some. of us- would have - quit right then, covered with glory.
Populdt With Gorillas
New York Times
The four gorillas at the Bronx Zoo, accustomed to life in the jungle or a reasonable facsimile thereof, have successfully ad- apted to the ‘‘vast wasteland.’
The gorillas have been watch- | ing television, with remarkable results. ‘
It began last winter when the | gorillas were confined to indoor | cages. Bored, cranky. out of sorts, their nerves on edge, they took to bickering among them- selves.
Nobody at the Bronx Zoologi- eal Park can recall which staff member first thought of televis- ion as a gorilla tranquilizer. But Joseph A. Davis Jr, the z00's curator of mammals, decided it was worth a try.
A 16-inch television set (black and white) was set up just out- side the bars of the gorilia quar- ters. When their keeper turned on the set, the gorillas stared at the picture tube transfixed. Dav- is reported, and their personali- ties changed.
Petulamt’ brawling cessed. So did other symptoms of en- nui and frustration the pac- ing, the nervous thumb- twiddl- | ing, the yawning and stretch- ing, the constant arguments
Only the biggest of the coril- las, a 15-year-old male named Mambo, occasionally turned his attention from television and | went back to his old habit of bullying the others.
“My theory.” Mr. Davis said, “is that he only behaved this way during commercials. | like to think the gorillas find the commercials as distasteful as I do.” :
The gorillas’ favorite pro- | grams were those that showed
| humanoid forms moving about rapidly.
Davis said no records had been kept of particular pro- grams except that “action shows’ were preferred.
Several orangutans in the ad- | joining cage had a clear view of | the television but were not- in-
terested
Dr. John T. Emlen, a profes- sor of zoology at the University of Wisconsin at Madison, said in a telephone interview that goril- las apparently have a consider- ably longer attention span than other primates
Dr. Emlen said other animals such as dogs and cats, watch
' television, and that some farm- ers have installed television sets in their barns to keep cows ser- ene
For the past few weeks the Bronz 200 gorillas have been spending the davlight hours out- doors, and their television privil- eges have been suspended for the Summer. -
But the set will be set up again when the gorillas go back indoors in mid- October. just in time for the new fall television season
BOMBER CRASHES
OTTAWA (CP)—The RCAF has lost its 25th CF-104 nuclear jet bomber. A defence depart- ment spokesman said Tuesday a CF-104 crashed near Verners- berg, West Germany, Frida The pilot, FO Donald Ca . 23. of Unionville, Ont. ejected safely from the plane and was not injured. Twenty-five CF-104s have been lost in the last three years. Ten: pilots have been | killed.
pends upon the severity of dis- tress and the response to con- servative forms of treatment. TODAY'S HEALTH HINT—
A leisurely bath is a balm to frazzled nerves
‘Note: All correspondence to
\Dr._ Van Dellen should be ad- |
dressed to: Dr. Theodore Van Dellen, C-O Chicago Tribune, Chicago. Tlinois-’
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NOTES BY
E WAY
i i i
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= BF
|
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i i :
Almost five Kwame Nkrumah proclaimed before’ the United Nations the dawn of a new era in which
years
is the focal point of much of the squabbling.
A series of international con- ferences this summer may show just how badly Africa is divided within itself — and how much Strength and unity it still pos- sesses to deal with the remain- ing areas of white rule. CRACKS SHOWING
One meeting already held, the- Lagos conference during the past weekend. produced a strained compromise within the Organization of African Unity
The OAU's council of ministers .
voted to go ahead with an Afri-
can summit meeting in Accra,
Ghana. in September But even
Secretary-General Diallo Telli
admitted that the agreement fas “miraculous.”
And there were reports’ that several of Ghana's French- speaking neighbors, who accuse Nkrumah of fomenting rebellion against them. would stil! refuse to go to Accra.
The second conference is the Commonwealth prime minis-
week, which brings together a number of feuding African lead- eT. *
i -Among them are Kenya's | Jomo Kenyatta. who has been ' on touchy terms with neighbor- ing Commonwealth members
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Kivieo waits The Dawn
By Carman Canadian Press Staff Writer
ago. ;
Cumming
as Chinese delegates. It could bring to a head African differ- ences over the extent of Com- munist penetration on the conti- nent, and particularly Tanza- nia’s close relations with China. Also in the background, at both Algiers and Accra, will be continuing sharp differences be- tween those “radical” countries supporting the Congolese rebels and others backing the regime of Moise Tshombe ‘ Amidst the: differences, Ni- geria has emerged as a power- ful exponent of unity and mod- eration. It was no accident that the weekend unity meeting was held in the Nigerian capital of Lagos BOOST NIGERIA The success of the meeting .is certain to give a boost to the prestige of Nigeria, Africa's mos: populous country and one of its most advanced. It could wipe out some of the ground lost by the Nigerian government last fall when it came under at- tack im Africa for refusing to condemn the Belgian-American operation refugees If Nigeria’s star doe- rise, it would be a weleome develop- ment for white Commonwealth
sponsible and capable UN bers and hope to see it play pivotal role not only in Afric but between Africa and the » Of the world
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