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TF -EES T0- CUT DOWN. `

,Um to Improve Woods In Outdng Fuel Supply.

in cutting firewood for the win-

¢i-r's ein :rgency fuel supply the oper- ftion should be undertaken with the double purpose of furnishing heat and improving the farm wood lot at the same tline.

The ti°ees,should be marked for

cutting while the leaves are on them, oven lf other _farnir work prevents. the actual felling until later. because it is easier to tell the different kinds by the foliage than by the bark. But the cutting' should be done as soon

An Old Wood Lot Ungrazed-Noll Young Trees Which Will Make Fil-

' ture Timber Crop.

as possible if the firewood is to be used this winter, so there will be sonic time for the wood to season. ,

'i‘lic following kinds should be left

standing to furnish luiiiber, except in the case of individual trees that are .ci-ooked, knotty, diseased or de-

lft-ctive: White pine, red spruce, bal- siiiii, chestnut. white oak, red oak, hard maple, yellow birch, tulip pop- lar, white ash, hickory and basswood.

The trees of less value for lumber,

,or slow growing, and which should -be cut are hemlock, arbor vitae, lbiack oak, scarlet oak, red maple, ibeech, gum, elm, gray birch and iirunwood.

I~‘ariners in the Eiorthern cgunlri iiiiay well cull out or iirewoo , an §thus improve the value of their tim- ibor stands, the following trees: Jack §piiic, hemlock, scarlet oak, black oak, éeiin and beech.

i ""'“”_Coliditlo1is Iii Oiitnrlo.

The following is a suiuiiiary of ireports of farm conditions made by iltgrlcultural Representatives to ilie §0ntario Department of Agriculture: ‘g The mild winter has helped own- ters of live stock to bring their ani- ?nials along with less drain than

‘usual upon fodder stores. There is plenty of both grain and roughage on hand, although there are some complaints that corn ensilage is poorer in feeding quality than in most years. With the drop in the price of oats, farmers are feeding inore'nf that grain to their live stock.

Cattle are reported to be in fair

condition, and are being marketed about as usual for the time of year. A live stock shipping club iu Peter- boro' sent out three carloads of cat- tle and three of hogs in two weeks.

The milk flow is keeping up well.

and good grade Holstein cows are bringing from $100 to $175.

Horses are selling in~'Peterboro'

at from $150 to $175. but there is no great demand.

Hogs are not going to niarket in

large numbers, and there is a ten- dency to turn them off somewhat llglit or unfinished. Prices have slightly improved.

The marketing of field crops is

slow, notwithstanding the large quantity of grain reported to be on hand. Hay is scarce, and is selling at from $18 to $25 a ton. Alfalfa is bringing $22 a ton in Norfolk. There is an abundance of shelled corn in the southwestern counties, and Kent reports that some kept for seed is now being fed to the hogs.

About thirty cars of seed oats have

been sent from Brant to the West, and eight from Norfolk, through the Seed Commission.

Notwithstanding that most of the

fall wheat holds have had little dr no protection for the last two months, reports regarding the crop are still hopeful. `

Several Representatives look for

an increased acreage of sprinS wheat. Prince Edward’s o‘pinl0n. however, is that there is n tendenci to sow less of that and the other cereals' and to go more into the growing of peas and other canning factory products.

Owing to the remarkable open

weather prevailing this winter, more outside work than usual has been done.

The Huron' Representative states

that s large number ot farms are changing hands at prices varyinl from $6,000 to 812;000 a hundred acres, according ~to location and equipment. ‘”

_

_ Live Stock Values 1917-8.

For the Dominion ns a whole. ac-

cording ts the Bureau of Statistics, horses under one year aversK9 ill price $50 ns against $57 in 1917. for horses one year to under ll\l'°° yearm_the.avenge is $112 against $118, and for horses three years and Dvei- the value is $16) against |167-

Milch cowl 81'! $87 alltnlt $84.'

cattle under one ‘year S25 asain" $24. cattle from one year to under “lf” years old are $57 a Inst $33.

and 0 _ _olrmd over Ire #il agnlllilgtt $77.' Sheep nvérale 310 lltinlt $15, nnd swine Der 100

s.t .1111

.TR/ie'ron vs. uonsu.

interesting Flglii-es That the Idxpci-ti HUVO t‘om|illcd.‘ Figures coiiiplled by the Export

iuleiital l~`ui'iiis Dcpurtiiiciit iilioi nulilthe cost of maintaining a 1_c0t _- 0lB€ f0l°11 year, including feed ldb0\°. inteicst on vuiiie of liornc, dc- preciatloii, interest ,and insurance oi l’llll(lll\ES. harness and other eqiilp "l°”_l» Bll0€l\\E. veterinary attention drugs. etc.. is $249.09, and we nav. it on the word ofa fruit grower, wht operates on n large scaielthat om 12'20 ‘-'U-l»0l'l|lllHl' li/D0 tractol' has ro placed eight liorues and thi-ce men in the work of cultivating in hi orchards. while the tractor also pei foriiied work such as :silo iliiiim ai, ¥l'l\ll1 Hrlndiliil. during the wiiitt season. that the iiurtics were lit Ullllllllle 01. 'l‘iilu grower dots iii claim to be able to get along ciitirtl without the help of liorses, but i' his particular liiic of hii:;iiii,»;,_-i an thc scale on which he opci~.itv'r; l. finds that llic tractor pi'oduct:i ai' di cidcd ecoiioiiiy. (Jrcliai~tln on li. iilace. which, nmil.iit- iiitt-iiiitfi.-i~.i ii. tractor, were always ii lililc foo itiiic for four two-horse trains to cuilivut are now kcpt in iiiucli better 0|-dt HS \'¢}H=ii‘<ls cicaii ciiliivat.toii, and or niaii docs the work of four in opci

llllllg the cultivntliig_iiiaciiinci'y.

ln further comparison ot' the i-ii;

of iiiaintaining the tractor as coin pared wiiii the iiorses iii this i-:tsl it is tiiiiiiittcd that thc iioi'.~;<‘.~i dit placed were not 1,600 lbs., but doubt lliflll llllfll' _ feed bill 1-qiiallccl th: $..l5.iJU t:iitirgt~d :iguiiist the 1,600-ll ll0l`fl\P. iii the above-iiit-iiliuiicd :ital- iiiciit of costs, bet-atisc in tiic iriii C0llll`U`y. horse feed costs iiiorc tha: in the average mixed fariiilixg dit trict. 'l`hei'etore, the eight lioific displaced by thc tractor doumlog; ¢0_Sl.ui'0uiiii $2,352.72 to kccp for iii year as their other <.-xpensun ww. Well llli to the ilgurcs given iii abovt

iuoiiiiiiiied c:itiiiialo_ ‘

Coii:<iitlci'iiig cost of feed only...

._151lUUllllL’ V. llily, oats, etc., the ti';icto in question uses iiinc gallons oi' ca. at 35c pci* gallon pei' day, or :;'_;`,'1,' ll illly. Cilillll I0 $81.90 pt i' iiionili ti 36 llilysf 0l` $~lUl_~lU for liic i'.i iiioiiflis, which is about ilic liiiiit ii tiiiio Possible for oi'ciiai'd ctiitivu tioii. Witii the lio|'so:<i feed is cox. sninicd on cvcry day ot' the _v,.u,»_. .'.'oi'k or rent, so the :six iiioiitiiu fo: the eight iiorsi-i; would riiii up i iced bill oi' $215.99, di-vided by tw( .ind multiplied b_v eight, cqtialllii: £1,263.92--ii showing of $77252 p favor of thc tractor on the six month ‘lf 0iii'i'afioii. _ For thc other si: tiioiitlis oi' the yetii' it may be clgtiiiici -'lint the iioi-se would be of little iiitlri use to liic fruit. i`ai'iiicr tliaiii tho trac ‘or could be, wiiiic if botli \vct'c idit he horse would have to pc- fed whip here was no need of iecdiiizz gzisoliiu ii tiii: tractor, and care of iiic lntloi .voiiid cost much lccs lliati cure of flir- `uriiici'.

in favor iii’ the lioracs it iiiiist iii ilowcd tiizit they ctiii he more gen- rali_v'iisct`ul than the tractor. For iistaiit-e they lciid theiiisclvcs iiiort- ‘:i\sl|_\' to cliaiigo froiii culiivuiiiig -ii i.:i\iiiii_i;' on thc i‘o.ifi_ while iii tiic -:isc of f'oiir fczitiis vs, one fi`=ictoi', iiiirc f-oiild bc l-.cc`oiiipiislii-d in pick- iiig tip t'i'uit_ iii the orcliiird, but at best llicii' use iii this t`lii'ectiou would entail fiic ciiiployiiieni oi' ti iititiibci' _of feaiiisteis where thc driver of the tractor might well rlitingc from his machine to it inofor truck and so effect a rapid collection :ind delivery of the fruit as couit. the four toaiiis of liorsf-s.

The tillagi- iiiipleincnts used ir

'oniiectioii with the tractor iii qiics- tioti are: a three furrow. 10-iii. bot- tom plough, a 11-platc double disli and any number of widths of drag harrow tlint may be found coiivcii- ient. With this equipment, eight :icrcs of ploughiiig is aii easy day‘r work, iii' 30 acres oi' disclng or Bt acres with the drag iiiii'i°ow. Thi machine requires but little more at- tention than does 'one team oi horses, but to ensure its receiving good care, thc driver is given an hour a day to devote to fixing `ii1' ind oillng the machine. Undci- this .irrangeiiient it has been found that more work is accoiiiplisli-.-d daily by use of the tractor and its equipment than was formerly accomplished with the horses.

It is the firm conviction of thi

uwncr of this tractor, that such i inacliiiic '.'.'..uid pay bcltcr thai horse flesh for~cultivaiiiig work oi any fruit farm of as iiiiicli as 10( acres, and lie is so well satisfied wifi. results attained in his caso that lit intends purchasing another niacliini of thc saiiic typc for his farm, which includes several hundred acres of peaches besides other fruiis._ Some horses will be kept, but not for cul- tivating to any great extent, and nl- though tiie tractors will allow of sonic reduction iii the total number ol' mon employed on the place, thcrc will be work for the ex-tcainsters in the way of liiind work around the trees, priming, picking and packing fruit, etc.

i§nSki\f.cl|cwn|i (70-op. Oreilmcrlcs.

Atv the annual meeting of Sas-

katchewan Co-operative Crcaincries the financial report showed the vol- ume of the business for thc last fis- cal yenr was $1,887.31/8, represent- ing nn increase of almost 100 per

cont. ou the previous year‘s business. After provld ng for u. dividend of 8 per cent. on paid-up stock, and mak- ing a flniil Payment of one cent pci- ponnd on butter fat, and one cent pei' dozen on eggs, the surplus of the company, which includes the reserves of the individual locals at the time of aninlgaiiiation, now amounts to ii considerable sum. During the year just ended the company has extend- ed its ileid of operations in thc reid storage branch by acquiring and operating plants at Saskatoon, Voti- da, llegina and coniinenciiig the building of it plant nt North Battle-

ford.

_ ,_____.___.__._

2,600 (luineus for Bull Calf.

A I2-days-old bull calf, l-laydon's-

Dutch King, from the famous Brit!- lish Fricslnnd herd of Mrs. Putnam, has been sold for the record price of 2,500 guinsae to Mrs. Brown, of Bt.

Llbolll _ ______ .____- . .__..

BETTER THAN CLOVER.

Alfalfa Is Superior Crop In Good Land.

During the last few years so much

has been written in the agricultural press eulogizing, sweet. clover that, in many quarters, it has gained a reputation for superiority which, to say the least, is inisleadingly exag- gerated. A Jew' unbiased remarks on its realvalue, especially in coin- parison with alfalfa, may therefore not be out of place.

The reputation for superiority

which sweet clover has gained is to H very large degree due to the fact that it is able to do surprisingly well in naturally poor soil oixworn-out land deficient in plant food, and in soil lacking in moisture to such an extent that ncithcr red clover nor alfalfa can be grown to satisfaction.

No one who has seen sweet clover

l'l0lll`lBll |11 Places where, to use a coiiimou expression, “nothing else Wlll L'l‘0W." can deny that sweet clover might be einpioyed as a re- inuncrativc crop on the type of land just referred to. However, it should be clearly understood that, though rcallziiig the value ofsweet clover as a revenue producer on poor soil, it by no means follows that sweet clover is superior to, or even equal to, other crops of its type, especially alfalfa, on good land. This should be clearly emphasized because many uncritical sweet* clover cntiiiisiasts have made thc error of concluding, from the behavior of sweet clover on very poor land, that it is also of outstanding superiority on good land suitable for growing such crops as alfalfa. The sooner such at concep- tion is corrected, the better.

If alfalfa can be grown with

reasonable success, it surely will prove superior to sweet clover' in practically all respects. Alfalfa, when once established, will last for a great number of years and will continue, without reseeding, to yield crops of high quality year after year, whereas' sweet clover, being a biennial plant, will have to be reseeded every second year unless it is given a chance to mature seeds and thus autoniatically reseed itself.

Alfalfa may be grown for pasture,

lisy, silage, and soiling, 'whereas sweet clover has a.s0ino_wiiat limited sphere of usefulness. "l‘iius, sweet clover is not likely t_o make as good hay as alfalfa; neither can it he cured into good liny as easily as the latter. As a- forage crop, its chief asset lies in its ability to furnish nutritious pasture, but oven as a pasture plant it is hardly equal to alfalfa where the latter can be grown successfully. As, furtherniore, sweet clover has some distinctly objection- able characteristics which are not. found in alfalfa, for instance, its peculiar flavor and its tendency to become a weed if not properly looked after, there is no valid reason why it should be grown in preference to alfalfa, if the latter can be grown with reasonable success. However, on land`too poor to grow alfalfa, sweet clover may he used either as a forage crop or as ya green manure crop for the purpose of improving the fertility of the soil.

(Trop Rotation. -

During the war, owing to labor

scarcity and the high prices ruling for grain, there has been a. tendency to get away from the short rotation in crop production. ~The necessity is, therefore, all the greater i’or getting back to it now.

A three-year rotation recommend-

ed by the Dominion Experimental Farin is:

First year.-Hood crop. For corn

apply manure in winter or spring, at rate of 15 tons pei' acre and shallow plough shortly before planting time turning under both clover and nia- nure. For roots plough land previous autumn. ’

Second year.-Grain. Seed down

with 10 pounds of red clover, two pounds alsike, six pounds alfalfa and six pounds timothy per acre. _ Third year.--Clover hay or pas- ture. Second crop of hay may be used for seed.

This rotation is well suited for

intensive dairy farming where soiling crops s.-re used. lt would be a most excellent rotation to put into prac- tice where sufficient rough land was aivailabie. to servo as pasturage. It is the rotation that would supply the greatest amount of forage of the best description for dairying or beef production.

For a four-year's rotation this is

recommended:

First year.-Hoed crop. Apply

manure at rate of 20 tons per acre previous autumn, winter or spring.

Second ycar.-Grain. Seed down

with 10 pounds of red clover and eight or 10 pounds timothy per acre.

Third year.--Timothy hay or pas-

ture. Plough field shallow in August, top work at intervals and ridge up in autumn in preparation for heed crop.

This rotation is most satisfactory

from all standpolnts, except that it supplies a rather smaller proportion of grain than is often desired. Where live stock is the mainstay of the farm this is, however, a very minor fault.

' “Giant Jacks" of Poultry Policy. Provisional officers of the National

Poultry Council as organized by the delegates to the poultry conference as Ottawa are as follows: President, Dr. Barnes, Ottawa; N. W. Kerr, Brandon, Man., vice-president for Western Canada; Dr. P. C. Gauthier, St. Louis, P.E.I.. vlce»presldent for Eastern Canada; and E. Rhoades, Ottawa, secretary-treasurer.

One result of the conference was

the formulation of a national poul- try policy. The 10 “Giant Jacks" of this policy as adopted by the dele- gates were summarized as follows:

1. Increased production. - 2. Economic production--through

stock improvement.

8. Quality payment.

4. Co-operative marketing. 5. Markets intelligence. V _ G. Standardized product--Goverm

ment inspected and guaranteed. 7. Service in transportation.

8. Perfection in storage. 9. Increased consumption at homo. I0. Advertising and saiesmanship

in the disposal ot products nt. homo !¥5Ll!l;9°.<lc.

"”"‘T”""""""~`-`f" `-‘-`-'ff-' “-“-`-`-`-'-`-‘-‘-‘-‘-‘-'-'-‘-“’:=f-'-1J-wt;-‘---A-A--'Y'-rav --- ff:-:::.-.~_» _-_--: .-:_-_- - .-.- -_-_ _-_- _-_ ,-,-_-_-_-_~_- -_-_-_-_~.~.-_-_- ....,

i’llN T0 PLANT TREES

snnnorlou oi-‘ onus? smog is

_ root: Economy.

Plants Should Be Wat»ered__0u|;¢|ng|

May Bo Successfully Used 10|- Wlllows and Cottnnwoods-Bury Ill 000|, Moist. Well-drained Sand Until Snrliiz to Get satisfactory Results. '

A tree plantation established with

poor -stock always ts handicapped. The purchase of cheap stock, simply because it is cheap, is poor eeonouiy, for often it results in failure.

Fortunately, most of the hard.

woods may be grown easily from seed, and the possibility of buying stock which is not trite to name or of having it injured in transit avoid- ed. If the farm iiiaiiitalns ii. garden plot, the hardwood seedlings may bc grown there and planted out in the field when one your old. The seed of the desired species may be pur- chased oi' collected locally, sown in rows, and iiuntilcd iniicli the same as vegetable seed. The plants should `be.watered and cultivated, so that they will pecouie as large as pos- sible during the season. .After Sep- tember 1 water should be applied only to keep the ground from drying out completely. This is necessary in order to harden the tender wood to withstand frost.

Cuttings may be used successfully

for growing thc planting stock for such trees as willows and cotton- woods. These cuttings, which are best niatle in the fail or early winter after the leaves have fallen, should be about ten inchcs in length and taken from one-year-old oi' two-yeai'- old twigs of vigorous, healthy trees. Cuttings should he made always with slanting strokes of a very sharp knife, so as to avoid bruising the bark. If trees tree from seed, or "bloom," as it is sciiietinies called,

"'7?=.~..>-_

wcii-Pinmctidins cms ici- wins.

,MW si-uk.

are desired, cuttings should be tak- en froni trees which observation has shown do not produce seed. As soon as the cuttings are made they should be tied in bundlcs of about fifty and buried in cool, moist, well-drained sand until spring. As soon as pos- sible in the spring, and always be- fore tlie soil dries out., thc cuttings should be set out, with the buds pointing upward, leaving two or three inches above ground. 'I`he soil should bc pressed tiriiily about the stems, and ii' it is not soft it is better to make holes for the cuttings with a round bar or dihble.

Trees grown froin large nuts, such

as walnut and oak, are best propa- gated by planting the nut where the mature tree is desired. Unless this is done, the long, heavy taproot, even at the end of the first year, makes transplanting difficult and the loss heavy. Black walnut is best planted in the fall.

Conlfers are much. more difficult

to raise than hardwoods, and unless a large project is undertaken it is inadvi-.\able'to»alteinpt to raise tliem_ Thrifty stock may be purchased froiu reliable nurscrymen and in some cases at cost from nurseries main- tained by the state. Stock grown as near as possible to the region of planting is always preferable.

If hardwoods are used, one-year

seedlings give best results under nor- uial conditions. Large stock should be avoided. It is more expensive and requires more time and attention to plant. If conifers are used, nothing smaller than three-year-old trans- plants should be tried.%Transplnuts are preferable to seedlings because of the larger mass of fibrous roots.

Planting inethqds are dependent

largely upon the size of the stock and the condition of the site. When stock is received, for planting, the first precaution is to see that it has not dried out. The roots never should be exposed to the sun or drying air. The root_s of stock that is packed in crates should be inoistencd thor- oughly before the trees arc removed. If the trees are extra-large conlfers and the roots of each tree are pro- tected with earth bound with a cloth covering, the whole should be planted without removing the wrapper. In any case, all small stock, if it can- not be planted at once, should be heeied in in a cool, inoist situation. The tops should not be covered.

All grassy, weedy. 01' l\0aVl/ land

should, if it is practicable, be plough- ed and harrowed at least 12 .months before the trees are planted. Fall pioughing is preferable.\ If manure is to be used, it should be applied at the time Jf plougliing to enable it to decay. If it in placed fresh next to the roots at the time of planting, there is danger of "burning" them. Although ploughlng is not absolutely necessary, it is productive of good results, and ilic benefits are several times as gi-cat as those secured by caring for the ground after the stock is set ont. lt is still better to use ground which has been under culti- vation for two or three years. Young plants need just as much care as it garden, and their growth will be proportionate to the amount of ca

they receive.

Plsntingiiiay be done” in either two ways: by the slit method or by the individual-hole method.

Either of these methods may be

worked out in a shallow. furrow. It

_.ts very deslralile on_»qd_¢i{0_\_l_l1d_,_i»°

plough a furrow if complete cum. vatiou of the planting area cannot be carried out. This will remove the grass cover and will make the work much cheaper. All sod or grass cover should be removed from a space at least 15 inches square before a tree is planted, provided it is not set in a furi'ow. '

The slit method is the ciieapest

and in light, sandy soils the best.

A spade is used to open a wedge-l

shaped hole i.n the ground by moving it forward and backward. Into this opening the tree roots are suspended full length, and the earth is pressed tlrnily around them by a thrust of the foot which closes the hole.

A hole is dug ‘wide enough and

deep enough to accommodate the trce roots without crowding. Care should he exercised in putting the soil back on the roots to see that no large rocks ur sods 4 are allowed to fall in, because of the possibility of leaving air spaces, which will cause the plant roots to dry out. llolcs never should be dug a long time in advance of planting, unless it be in the i`all,- on account. of the danger of drying out. lf there is ii. iiardpan or stratiiin of soil imper- vious to water at the bottoin,_ this should be broken up tliorougliiy with tools or a light charge of dynamite. Unless this is done the ti-cc will not thrive. '

\\'EEVILS C/\L'Sli} LOSSES.

Seed May Be Treated by Fumi-

gatioii. .

The serious losses caused bybean

and pca‘ weevils-which amounts to millions _of dollars annually -- is largely preventable, and by putting at stop to it a valuable and much- iieeded source of the nation’s food supply can be saved. No satisfactory artificial remedies can_be applied to kill weevil grubs in beans, peas or cowpeas growing in the field, but they can be easily -and effectivelyi controlled aft_erward if the necessary care is given. The crop should ,he harvested as soon as possible after niaturily, and the seeds thrashed or shelled and treated by fiiiiilgtition, heat or cold storage, in order to kill the weevils in them bcforc they can increase in numbers and carry on their destructive work. '

Weevils not only cause serious

damage to peas, beans and cowpeas in storage but also in the field, and are responsible for n, eurlailiiicnt in the acreagi? planted in these crops. Badly infested seeds are worthless for planting. In one experiment on record only 50 per cent. of infested beans germinated, and of these 30 pei' cent. were so badly injured that they could not develop into normal plants.

In gathering the crop, exercise

care, the bulletin urges to'leave no portion of it in the field, as seeds scattered on the ground or left in shattered pods on the dried vines, may carry the pest over winter, and furnish a supply of weeviis the fol- lowing summer. The crop should be harvested as soon as possib_lg_ after reaching maturity and the seed thrashed or shelled soon afterwards. Storing in the pod docs not confine the weevils. Immediately on placing the. seed in storage, fuiiiigate with carbon disulphid or carbon tetrach- lorid, These chemicals when expos- ed to the air vaporize into a heavy poisonous gas which immediately kills the weevii. Carbon disulpliid is the more generally used, though car- bon tetra.elilodir` has' the advantage of not being ii;iflaininable_ Seed to be fuiiiigated should be placed in an alr- tight container, such as a tin can_ or barrel. The chemicals, used at the rate of from 2 to 4 pounds to each 500 cubic feet of space to be funii- gated, should be poured over the top of the seed, and fuintgation should continue for from 24 to 48 hours.

When there is only a small quan-

tity of seed, the \vecvil may be killed by heating the seed in the oven for several hours. The oven should not be hotter than 120 to 145 degrees Fahieiiheit. Dipping seed in boiling water for one niinutc is also an effec- tive remedy. Wcevlis will not feed or cause damage at low temperatures, and if seed can lie kept in coldstor- agc at a tciiipcraturc oi’ 32 to 43 dc- grecs i»‘ahrt-nlielt, no trouble from this pest will result.

A Popular Move.

In adopting the suggestion in

favor of standardization of potatoes, the Ontario. Vegetable Growers' As- sociation, at their annual convention, made a move that, as well :is being in the direction of an ultimate bone fit to thc industry, should go to make the association popular with the home consumers of potatoes, which means almost tho entire population of Canada. No other product is so widely used, noi' no poorly prcpai‘rtl for market as is the potato crop, and growers may rcsi n.ssurcd that it guarantee to the consumer that his purchases of this staple will be ac- cording to saniplc, will result in a iuuch stronger market for potatoes. Since it iiiust bc adinittcd th:it»thc loss entailcd in_acceptiii|; potatoes of mixed quality has becoinc very generally realized since food pro- ducts of all kinds began to iiicrcase greatly in price with the outbreak of the war, anti as roiisunicrs in gen- eral have learned the lessons of look- ing for the most possible in the wny of actual food .vnluc for the money expended, potatoes will have to stand comparison in this regard, wilii what- ever other food is capable of giving the desired results.

Horses for Boldlcrs.

A large number of horses are rc-

quired for soldiers who take up land under the land scttleineiit scheme, and H. G. Williams of the Live Stock Department, Soldier Settlement Board, is in Sasktitclicwan making arrangements for stiibling ns well nr. for purchasing the horses that will be required. According to Mr. Wil-

ri large number of good gen-

eral purpose horses suitable for agricultural work will bc required, Saskatoon and Regina to be distri- buting points for the provin e, and about five hundred horses wllql prob-_

i

iilli THE BREEDING PEN

s'I~2I.I~It"i`Ii).\I 'f)I~‘ BIRDS hIUS'l‘ BH .\I.\I)I'I tiAltI<Jl"l`IiLY.

l'lgiiri»iis, \\'<~li (iiro\vii Young I<‘ii\\'le~'

of I~iitlici' Sex .'\i'c Nccili~¢l_.S‘uii\e .\<-i-uliiif uf thc Ext(-.i-iiiil Mark.-i, :iiicl llmv tu ltlciitify the Ileiiei 'l‘hiit I.ii_v \\'licii Trap Nests Arc .'\`<;l l'st'tl.

it is time flint prcptiimioiis were

ititlvr \\'.ty for lliif iii't-ediiig si'-tisoii. l'iit» iii;iit= liii-it or birds that :irc to ii- i|:a~d tor iiriei-iliiiig shoiild have ti-vii _.1 lt~l\il bii`iii't- liii.-1, and be iii iriiiic i-oiiiiiiioii. ilii-at viii-v ought ii |.~~ nxt-i'i-i:.iii| iii liiie :sii<=i‘ti<iii uf' iii- iii-iii-. ilu- is iiiiii'i~ Ihtiii half Iii.- 'ift-li, iii- atom- iiiaii iiimiii stir(-i=s.<,

-i luiliiiv, it i:i also iiiipiirfaiiit iii |_':,- iiiily tlii- li<:.t fiiiitilvii. l)ii iiiit iriit-ii i'iii:;i the ivliiiit- iii»i‘li_ 'l`tik»~

ii»i.:.- ;y\l_\' i`i'oi‘_i \'.iiii'li guoil fypir i. li? .iitiiis viii--its iiiay he i-_\;pei-li-il. \’ll1iH"t'i.'i. ‘-\'i-il ;.,'i'i;.\ii t-iiriti-i-t~i."»,

li ». »-:iz iii liigii piuiiliii-liifx, if-|m,|i-;:_ lit/:|lt| he ii:;i-tt, its liii-_y nic iiiiii'<» i-l.:il_i-- ai.; liit-init-i's tliuii ut;-‘il viirilt.. `lii:: iliiiv. ::<»t iiivuii ilitii 1-in-li liii‘r.l:s iiiiiilil iiiit ln- ii.-;i~il. 'lliity :.iii»iilii, iiil oiiiy lliu::.- rot-li birds; that liaive iziiirii liit-ii' vigoi- :iiiii afiilily to ii-tiiliicv :;t:'oii;;, iii:.'ii-pi'o<iiit-infc' lurk.

'i'|ii-:'.i- i:i:il<i1 :aliouid bi: iiiaiti-ii not

ii llii- \\i»ii|<- fiiivii, liiit iii :ii-it-i'ii»ii ii-1 :ag :iiid to ::ti‘oii_:~_, wi-ll-i;i'o\\'ii pul- it:', lli;it li;i\\- .~'.Iio\~.'ii hy tlii-ii' \\iti- .'|";i pt-i'|'i>i‘iii1iiii'<~. ilial ills-y iizivv llii» _i_-gli-i;i_\'iii;;' cli;ii':ii'i\-i'.

‘.\Ii<-ii ilir- puiit-is are put into

lil ir \\'itili.-i' iititiriurs iii thc full lima ish :zliiiiiiii he ki-pt on tht-iii, iiiii iinti- iii:tiii- or those that start iii _ny curly :ind are Itcisisiciit iii pro- iltictiiiii. if tiup~iict:ts art- tim-ti, sti- ii»i~t tiirirrt- liirilzs that iiiukil tilt- liigli- i-_.| ri'<'oi'il;i, pmyiiii-tl they are suit- .iiilc iii otiii r i'<i:;1it-i-tr., llizil is, if they cuiii`iii'i|i to the i‘i_-qiiirfliiiciits oi` the t,l't‘t\ri.

lf lrzip-iitsfs :irc iiof iifscd, ticpciid-

vitro will liatve to lie placed on Ux- tiiriirii iiidit-.aliiiiis ot' proilticliiiii for rusli-riitiii, `

Wlie-ii ai piillct of ti yellow-sitiiiiit-<3

\‘:ti'i<»fy, :xiii-ii aiu the l,c;;.‘io|'ii, l'l_\'~ :iiiiiilii liiirlt, \\’,\':\itiliiffi: ur ltliodi~ l_»l;iii<l it1'<l°:;tuil:; to lily, livi' If-its uiiti liiutlt will lit- i'i\'li-/‘iiiiiiwfil :us wi-ll all ltvi' sifiii, A1; laying |it'iigi'vs:;ts slit* lists up tlic surpliis fat iii flic body, anti iliie \':ti'iiitis paris li\~;1iii io fziiiu. 'i`iiu1;t' 1.-ii.;iti_11i‘s itikt- plziru in the foi- lo\'_'ini.: ordei-_ 'i`hi~ rent rapidly ftitief.. :ui iliti! ii pull* vent itiilirzifts iliaii iiii» bird is laying. 'l`li<~ eye-i'iii;.','tliiit is ilit- iiiiii-i' vilitiei ui’ the vyvlitls, iilt~;it'ii out ai friiit- tiiore sio\\'1y tiiaii tiii- rl-nt. 'i`iii\ t-:'.r-liiiivs iil` l.t~;_;litii'ii:s ttiitl sviiiiilzii' Whitt--liilii-il liii'ti:; illvucii out ti little iiiorc :slowly than thc <-_\'\-- riiig, so tiizit at bii'tii'iii'll i-:ii‘-lolw iiivaiis it iitflc loiiitcr or gi'i»:ite~r pru- diicliuti than a blcaclied vciit or cyc- iid.

'i`liu next ciittngc is iii fliu beak.

lit-giiiiilni: at the hiifsc 'the color ;1i'iidiiaiii_\' tlisappi»ai‘.~i uiitil ii iinziily -lea-\'t-s -(lit: front pnrl of thi: uppci' bilzik. A iilcticlit-ii licak iiietiiis lit-:ivy |ii‘udii<~|liiii for at it-:ia-at thc past ftiiii lo six wi-i-ks. The siianks :iriz the slowest to iilcut-li out so tlizii lilc-;it~li- cd iiiitiiiks iiiay l.~- lakt-ii as an indi- rnlioii flitil flit: bird has liecti laying for at <~iiii:;itlvi-uiili- time.

Iii the :tliseiicv of li':ip-iivsts, |lii~r<»-

i`oi'i=, suit-rl those tciiialcs til' stiituhli- typo that sliiiw by their fzitirti siiaiikn that they have been iii-tniiiciiig livuv- ily during thc \\'iti|<-i' se-zisoii. li flii-se birds are iii laying coiidilioii. the vent will be large and iiioist, thi- abdoiiioii dilated sri that llic pi\I\'li» ziivlies will bc wcll sprvzid and ilu koi-l forced down away i'roiii tin pelvic arch so as to give t-apacity. 'l`lic abtioiiieii will lm soft and pii~ able.

Tito. liens flint will harp litwii rr-

servcd for lireedcrs will bc tfitlici iliose that have good trap-iii»sl i'<~- curiis oi' that wi-ru si~ii~i-lcd iii thi. fall by iippc;ii'tint~t». ’l`licsi\ will iiavi been vigorotis. alert, at-.tivo birds tliui have been late in iiioultiiig, iliui li;i\'i hlcziciii-d out siiaiiks :ind tiizit sliou the viirloiisi cli;ii'actei'istics pi‘t-viuiis: ly iiii-ntioiicil.

Thi- iiuiiibvi' of fciiialrei to :film-.' tt.

at iiiale will tit-pviid iiii the i-iiiiiiitiuiz: uniirr wliicli they are 'ki-pt. i-`o. bi-t-oils of the unfit-i':il-piii'piis~- |_\p~ sul-li as llucks or \\’y:iiiiiott<-:,, li coiilineiiii-iii, <»i_-_'lit in 1: ii-iiiaili-s will bo i~iitiii_cli, and l.<-_i:|ioi'ii:= 12 to 1:7 l't-iiiuivzs' i'iii' vtirii iiitiic. Uti l`i'i-tr i‘;ii\;4t- iliv iiiiiiibt-i' iii:\y lit- itit-i'<-ttsiiii lf) ti. 2:1 lot' liio iii-;i\il~i' hint-tis iiiid 20 to 30 ioi' the l.t~giioriis_ -

};,i sun- to supply :iii tiluiiiilaiiic-

of gi'oi~ii food and iiiakv tiit- |»ii'd> 1-xvi-r-iso f`i'r\ci_v for their ::.-raii-li grziiiis. lm iiol it-eil o‘.'t-1'-stiiiiiiititina l`evd.~:. Sci- that with tht- guild ti-vii llii‘i'e uri* frviiii air, luis of' stiiisliiiit and sntiitary coiitlitioiis.

'l`|'i>i~§ ii.~ l~`t‘l\i't‘ Posts.

l‘laiiit frees airing tli~~ liiii- of per-

nitiiiciii wire ikiiiccs fo .~.t\i'\'t- :is po.-if: wlivn the posts 'mu' iii the groiitiii rut mit. 'l`|'ccs raiiiiot ht- ;1rii\\'ii iii ii day. liut il` a f`:iriiit~r can look ai itil bigvciiiii tht- prcsciit and i'i‘solv\~ to itiahi an iiiipi~o\'i-iiiciit that will lit-iictlt not only liiiiiscli, but his du- sctfiiilutits, he can hardly do :i wiser iliinu fliuii plant, liurdy. qiii<-k-[.:i'o\\'- ing trees along his it-iicv iiiii-s. li_\ pizititiiyg Miiiiilolia and hard iiiiipli-s :ilu-i‘iiulcly thc Miinitiiliii '.'uri<»t_\' will come into use curly, and the iiiort valuable but i<|~'»\vci'-;;i'o\viiig tree, can bc iiiaile to si-i-vc inter on.

E (`<tl)\\'t bs.

Siva-cp down the rohwclis which

have glifiieiwul iii thc i~ow-slit-d uni; stable during the wiiitcr, and thi-ii give at cotitiiig tit' wliiii~wiisli_ to ivliicli luis in-cn added a little ci-udt t-itrbolli‘ or oflici' ilisiiifecttiiii. Wliitt~\\':isl\ iiitiiu-s iiiv inti‘i'ioi' light. clean and liealiliy.

\'cgt-ttililc (lil In .Iiipiii\.

The vcizcinblc till iiiillu in Koiiv,

Japan, have prodiit-ini.: ciip.icitii‘r \'ar_\'lng froiii 10,000 lu 360,000 gall- ions a iiiimili.

.____._..i______.

The Loudon County (‘.ouiiril has

offered 250 trade scholnrsliipsi for

ably be sold to returned soldiers fren °!£l.‘_i££'Ll*_\_l“°¢. .l2‘?_l.‘.‘3._....___.._.

bon between the ages of 12 and 16.

_-.,_-_-_-,-_-,-_-_-¢_-_-_-.-_-~ -: - 1- 1- -Y: 1:- :_-='-'ff ff:-f~‘~ »~'-'-'-‘-‘-‘-‘-'-‘- ~‘-1’-1 ~ - - ~'-'- -- - - - Y- - f _ "

TRAPS Will Kill RATS

uavs Paovnn vnnv ummm

As ninsruovuus. __,

Inexpensive Snap or Guillotlue Devlnd

Useful for General Use-- They May Be 1’ln|:cd In Great Variety of I<‘avoni.hlo Spots Around Farm

` -Small Breeds of Dogs Valuable.

No opportunity to kill rats should

be neglected on the farm. Trapl, dogs, cats, and poisons may be use- ful. The first need is traps and B. knowledge of how to use them. The most reliable traps for general use are the inexpensive snap, or guillo- tine, traps. Many efficient kinds are on the iiiarkct, but the cheaper ones are rarely to be recommended for durability. Those that have sheet- metal bases are not desirable, as rats fear and avoid them. Snap traps should bo set so that they will spring at a sligiit touch. They may, bc placed in rat runs, at rat burrows, behind boards leaned against the wall, and in a gi-eat_varlety of other favorable places. Dry oatmeal (roll- eil outs) is recoiiiiiiended as a. bait for both rats and mice. Place a few grains on thc trigger pan or under the trigger wire, with a few grains near the trap.

The wirc-cag`e trap, if substantially

made, is useful on the fui'iii_ Coarse bait is rcqiiired, and iiiay be hung from thc top of the trap by a iight wirc. Soir thc trap on a floor oi' on a bozird, lay u.' short board on top, and cover the whole with an old cloth or giinny stick. leaving only thc trap entrance uncovered. The

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gf I __ _ .V..-_-=.1,.32;2>=;-,,gs=';i.‘?._;1__ilk:;V;_`_

Guiilotine Trap With Wooden

and Trigger Plate.

trap may be baitcd and left open for xi. night or two until rats learn to feed inside, after which a good catch iiiay be expected. An excel- lent plan for using the cage trap is to bore ti. hole two or three inches in diameter at proper height in the door of 'granary or feed i'ooiii. The hoiei may bc covered with a metal slide when the trap is not in usp. Set the trap inside the granary with. its entraiice fitted to the hole and cover and bait in the usual manner; any rat entering the granary is caught. The same plan ,is applic- able to rat holes in other situations, and it has been used effectively be- tween connecting rooms of cold stor- age wareiioiiscs.

The small breeds of dogs, espe-

cially terricrs, are valuable as rat killers on the farin. 'l`liey are easily trained and are always available when needed. Wlicrcvei' rats are routed from nests or harbors these dogs are eager for the fray. When shocked or stacked grain is moved or tiirasiicd they kill iiiaiiy rats Some- times at bari‘ici', or fence, of iight boards is placed about ii stack, and dogs inside get nil the iodeiits dis- lodged. in this way 500 or 600 rats have been destroyed froiti at single stack. _

Cuts :irc useful about farm bulld-

lngs iiiaiiiiy liircaiisc they kill mice. Soiiictiiiics they hunt and destroy rats bitt at cat that will kill an adult rat is rare. The chicf objection to cats on a farm is their persistent de- striictlon of song birds. A good cat is valuable when her killing propen- siiies can be confined to rodent pests, but thc iiiajority of felines are worthless or' actually injurious on thc ftiriii.

Great caution should always be ob-

sorvcd in the use of poisons, but tlicrc are sitiintioiis on the farm in which priisoiis tiiuy be used safely anti <~fti>i»ii\-<»i_v_ in thc open fields pois- oned grain iiiuy bc .scattered near rat biii'rows_ iii thc poultry yard poisons may lic exposed for rats inside dark- cncd boxes. A small, rather shallow box containing the baits is set on the groiiiid willi a larger box inverted over it. A liolc in the larger box will tiiliiiit thc rat to thc food, vrhiie chickt-ns will bc sale. Strychnliie is the safest poison to use where poul- try run, bc-cniisc hens are immune to small quantities of this poison.

Slioi-thoriis Took First. '

In thc block test at the last fat

stock show, held at Buenos Aires by _the ltiirzil Society of Argentina. ani- mals of the Sliorthorn breed were first and third in tt class of 13, while second and third places were taken by an Angus cross and n pure-bred Angus respectively. _

llritniii Imports Hams from China. Nvarly 2.000.000 Pounds or hams.