PAC F. FOU R

THE GUAREAN

-Authorimi-'if'Tsecunu"ETAss Mali Post omeg- Department. Ottawa. The island Guardian Publishing Co.

President and Associate Editor, in A. Burnett. Associate Editor, Frank Walker.

CiRCllLA'lllON "Covers Prince Edward island like the dew"

"The strongest memory is weaker than the weakest ink".

T:iiAniLJr'Te"1T6Ti5S-"iioxoar. Arnn. o. 1953

The other site or Railway costs i

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Railway charges, both for passengers and freight have been going up. The im- pact, particularly of freight rates hits the Maritime Provinces and it is. perhaps, only fair to take a look at the other side of the picture. The Canadian National Railways have issued a little booklet on costs which will stagger many who read it.

A two-unit 1600 h.p. diesel locomotive, for instance costs S-l23,000 or the equiv- alent of about Elli automobiles worth 332.-

300 each. The (K N. R. has 170 road die- sels in service, eqiiivalcnt to 85 double .mits-with 76 more on order. A dining

bar costs R20ti.(l(l0: a day coach. 551130.000: . gicopmg (-H,-, sgouoiio, or the cost of 16 houses; double track costs 3160.000 per mile to build or twice the cost of a two- lane highway. A modern treated railway tie costs 3S3.(ifl and there are 89,655,378 ties on the C. N. R.. six for ('YCFy man. woman and child in Canada. The Con- tinental Limited represents 51,750,000 worth of passenger train equipment and it takes 16 such trains to maintain that one service between Montreal and Vancouver. representing an investment of Si28,000,000. The really impressive item. however, is the C.N.R.'s wage bill of over ."S400,0t)0.(i0(i last year.

Such figures, of course, do not justify uneconomically high charges and in par- ticular not discriminatory rates in particular alltttls. At the same time, how- ever, they are a vivid reminder that trans- portation costs are high as a result of in- creased costs of equipment and labour.

ciE:iiiiiC On Agricuidre

Speaking recently to the annual dinner of the National Farmers' Union of Eng- land and Wales. at which more than 1,000 persons were in attendance, the British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, said of the importance of British agriculture:

"There is no question of choosing he- tween food production and exports. We must have both. at the highest level. driven forward with fierce energy. But we are resolved to proclaim that. the home-grown food of Britain must, with great urgency, he raised by 1.0.36 to 60 per cent above what it was before the war.

"That is ri conviction which all political parties share. and all Britons are deter- mined in siistain. We have already raised it, hy more than 40 per cent. The job must he finished. and finished soon. That is by no means the end."

A recent l”A() report. on the agricul- ture of sonic lviiiropcaii countries placed the United kingdom fourth on the list in size of farm output, and despite a relatively low production per acre, highest in net output. pcr mrin.

Fraiice. accoiiiils for about twice the farm output of Britain, and about a quarter of the production of Europe, as 8 whole. Next come Italy and Western Germany, followed by the United Kingdom. These four countries, together, produce about three-quarters of the total agricul- tural production in liuropc. Britain. with about l,l0T,00() people active in agricul- ture. has a not nulpill. per head valued at about l.',3.')0, which compares with the Eu- ropean avcragc of about. T200.

communist ltupllcity

It will he romillcri that when rice short- ages developed in India and Ceylon, imports were arranged from Communist China.

Ceylon obtained 2.3(i,t')()0 tons and India

50.000. The Chinese people themselves needed the rice as much as anyone, but they were not permitted to keep it. The Communist Government decided otherwise.

”An effective propaganda campaign portrayed the shipments as great human- itarian gestures by 'New China' toward her Asian brothers in their hour of need. and also as testimonials to Chinese pros- perity and plenty," says an article in For- Sign Affairs. It was sought to convey the impression that Communism had brought such abundance to China that there was now lots of rice to go round and even some to spare.

i But the details of the transactions re- veal the duplicity. The reason the Com- mlmhts jumped to supply rice to Ceylon was simply that they wanted rubber from that country. There was no charity. It AND!-A Ceylon got rice and

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THE GUARDIAN. g(JHARi.OTTETOWN.

Communist China rubber. That is what the Communists wanted all the time, But they did not hesitate to make it look as though they were making a magnificent gift to Ceylon.

"The arrangement between India and

China was not based on a trade agreement.

but an outright purchase by India which the Communists nonetheless tried to dis- guise as charity." Crop failure had brought a shortage in South India, and after long negotiation India agreed to buy 50,000 tons from China at above market prices. But when the delivery date arrived the Chi- nese demanded that, notwithstanding the fact India had bought and paid for the

irice. a Communist relief organization dis-

tribute it in India. The Indian Government refused flatly and exposed what the Chi- nese were about. The Chinese dropped the ridiculous demand. But their hand had been exposed.

China of course has no rice to spare. What is exported is obtained by imposing hardships on the Chinese people. The Com- munists do not hesitate to do this. The Peking Government's estimate of produc- tion in 1952 was the same as for 1936. But in 1936 China had net imports of 246,000 tons. "No one has ever suggested that there was enough rice for everyone in China in 1936, even with the 246,000 tons imported. The Peking figures indicate that there is less rice available in China today than in 1936. and there has been a tremendous population increase since that year. But China is now exporting rice! The conclusion is that the rice is being squeezed out of the already underfed Chi- nese people for purposes of International 5 politics."

EDITORIAL NOTES

This is Freedom Day for the first of the disabled Prisoners of War being ex- changed in Korea. It is to be hoped that the other steps in prisoner repatriation and general cease fire arrangements will pro-

ceed rapidly.

i The eighth annual competition of the P. E. I. Rural Beautification Society is wider than earlier ones, classes having been added for veterans,. rural cemeteries and new settlers. The prizes for home and community improvement are generous but the real gain is the pride which Islanders pcan take in the improvements they have made in their surroundings.

O O

' The visit of the German Chancellor, Konrad Adenauer. to Canada symbolizes our very complete burying of the hatchet with the German people. The West Ger- man republic is joint-heir with other na- tions of the devastation resulting from the .World Wars. If the Nazis were our en- iemies, they were even more the enemies of their own people.

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The explanation given by Defence Min- iister Claxton for the closing of the R. C. ;A. F. No. 1 Navigational School at Sum- i merside is that the needs of both it and No. E2 Navigational School at Winnipeg can be met at Winnipeg. The question naturally arises as to why No. 2 was opened if it. merely meant that No. 1 would be closed idown as far as being a navigational school is concerned.

D O O

I Because the Netherlands have too much

sold as luncheon meats to the British mar- ket due to import restrictions, Dutch manti- facturers of margarine are now required to include four per cent of lard or pork fat in margarine. Meat processors in the Netherlands may sell 143 pounds of fat. to margarine manufacturers, for every 220 pounds of hams processed. O O 0 Flood damage in the Netherlands is estimated at 3250 million. Over 100 breaks in the dykes led to the loss of 50,000 cows, pigs, horses and sheep. and the flooding of 330,0()0 acres of arable and pasture land. Wheat production will probably be down 12 per cent and potatoes 10 per cent. Crop losses for the 1953 season are estimated at 15 per cent of the barley land, 20 per cent of flax land, and 20 per cent of land used for sugar beets. O In April 1403, according to ancient Korean records as vouched for by UNESCO, the first moveable metal printing type was cast, on the order of King l-lung Ting Wang. Up to that time, type had been made from terracotta "but these char- acters”, complained the old document, "were too easily broken . . . then types were made of bronze in order to preserve them forever. . . Fortunately through the in- ventive wisdom of the sages of our dynasty, who have discovered the srt of casting type to print books, all classics, histories, books of philosophy and literary collec- tions are in every home." Metallic type was first used in Eumpe forty years later.

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pork fat, and the surplus can no longer bei

?'Qmaz

THE COMMON

STREET The common street climbed up against the sky.

Gray meeting gray: and wearlly to and fro

I saw the patient common people

80. Each. with his sordid burden.

trudging by.

And the rain dropped: there was not any sigh

Or stir of a live wind: dull. dull and slow

All motion: as a tale told long ago The faded world: anti creeping night drew high.

Then burst. the sunset flooding far and fleet,

Leavenfng the whole of life with magic leaven.

Suddenly down the long wet glin- tening hill

Pure splendor poured the common street.

and lo!

A golden highway into golden heaven,

with the dark shapes of men as- cending still. a

-Helen Gray Cone.

,.-..B

Old Charlottetown

(LndP.I.L)

A PIONEER. ACADIAN

From the obituary coil-umns of the Royal Gazette, Dec. l0, 1833: "Died on the 21st. uilrt. at St. Joseph's, Egmont Bay, at the ad- vanced age of 90, Joseph Arseneaux, one of the oldest native Aoadlans of this Colony. At the capture of the Island from the French, in 1758, he acquired, and has ever since retained. the sobrlquet. of League snd !-lalf,' his knowledge of the English language being eon- lmed to those three words, which formed the only answer he could give to all the questions which were put to him by the Bri'tl.s'h Officers. whom he was frequently in the habit of meeting in the neighbor- hood of St. Peter's Bay, where he then resided. He was much esteem- ed by all who knew him, and his character was that of an honest. hospitsible and dharlbable Christ- lan."

Most Are Visualizer: (Vancouver sun.) There's sound scientific fact be- hind the assertion of Ovets Culp I-lobby, United States federal se- curity administrator, that news- papers are n more ”stable" source of communication than radio. Newspapers cnnvey s. more last- ing message because the major- ity of people remember chiefly by seeing. . Psychology teaclies that per- ception is accomplished in three ways - by seeing. by hearing and by muscular action. People who emib by seeing are visualiz- ers. People who remember by hearing are audiles; people who remember by muscular action, such as moving the lips or in- audibly forming words in the

mouth and throat, are mobiles.

Everybody is more or less a combination of all three. But some psychologists estimate that those who perceive and remem- ber largely by the eye message make up about '10 per cent of hu- man beings. .

That. means that roughly '70 pe cent. must. see a thing to tinder- stand and remember it. That's what. makes newspapers the most

"stable" source of communica- tion. But. there's another factor too.

In the case of radio or television perception must. be instantaneous. Therels no going back for it sec- ond check.

Radio and television flash their message and they're gone.

For The Humanities

(Montreal Star)

in his study of the Humanities ltor the Royal Commission on Arts. Letters and Sciences, Dr. Malcolm Wallace. professor emeritus of University College, wrote: "No ambition is more laifdable today than the ambition to make even a small contribution to clearer thinking, for this is s necessary preliminary to wiser action." It was pan. of Dr. Albert Ti-ueman'r theme before the Canadian Club yesterday that ll. knowledge of Ian- izuage is essential to clearer think- ing. indeed, that clear thinking is impossible without. it.

How few of us develop our mo- ther tongue beyond the limited vocabulary required for everyday needs! Most. of us use that limit,- ed vocabulary badly. We talk with a verbal lirnip. Listen to almost any street car conversation to learn with what difficulty most. people express tfhemselve-. It is the t.b s of the president of the Unlvers ty of Nw Brunswick that there is 3 firm link between knowledge of the language and clear thinking and that the schools should re- turn to the emphasis formerly placed on grammar and to Latin to direct the ot.udent'u sttenuon to the snetorny of language.

The Neighbors

0'5 Ext nwmv rIL.loIlnNQI&-1

"I've asked you not to talk back to your mou..a. Think what a. regular baby sitter would cost: us.”

ly George Clark

The Abbey Bell Ringers

(BBC Bulletin)

Early on the morning of Coron- ation Day Harold Pitstow and his colleagues will climb the winding staircase to the ringing chamber in Westminster Abbey's North-West. Tower, and there they will stay un- til the evening.

Bells will ring all over the Brit- ish Commonwealth on the day the Queen is crowned, but Mr. Pitstow will be responsible for the most important peril of all which will be rung at the actual moment of the Coronation. Mr. Fitstow will con- duct the ringers in the I.btbey'.s Cor- onation peel as he did at the Gor- onstlon of King George VI, and so far as he knows the arrange- ments will be the same as those made last; time,

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An officer stationed near the Ooronatlon Chair told the ringers by telephone when the King had been crowned and the bells were then rung for two minutes They were not. rum; in changes but were "fired" or rung so that they sound- ed as one hell, the ri:igers' Royal salute. After this they were silent until the King and Queen left the Abbey to drive back to the Palace when the bells started in rounds

Saving The Library . (Oi-tawia. Citizen)

Only in the Parliamentary L1- brary does the Canadian visiting the heart of government. have the feeling of great age and profound knowledge. The impact. of the cir- cular room, laden with books, some read by Sir John A. MacDonald and sir Wilfred Laurier, is re- flected in the attitude of the tour- Isis who come there under the guidance of members of the secur- itxy staff. Their voices are hushed as they examine the statue of Queen Victoria. touch the carvedi

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varnished wood and attempt to estimate the number of books in; in long rows to the base of the tower.

Psrliampent, with its long de- pendence on the Library. display- ed in recent days not. only its ap- preciation of the information thus made available to help the na- tion's business but. also its respect for years and dignity. Mr. Fourn- ier's statement that the tower would be restored in its old form was welcomed and there was commendation of the plan that the exterior appearance, as well as ex- terior. should be retained un- changed as for as possible.

After the disastrous fire in the tower last. August there some who thought the old round building should be replaced by 8. modern structure which would be a utili- tarian third wing of the Parlia- ment. Buildings. They had mod- ernity on their side and nothing else. Their last argument was dis- missed with the statement of Mr. Fournicr that the restored build-

Thls protection for the old wood will give particular satisfaction to the Ottawa Valley. when a group of Commonwealth foreaters visit- ed ottawa last year Mayor Whit- ton, with her interest in the his- tory of this area. said she was sor- ry she could not. take them to the Library to show them the carved wood taken from whlto pine cut. in the Valley at Confederation. The Ottawa Valley white pine, which gave the mute to British men-0'-war in famous bottles more than a century ago. no longer is found In munlftcent. .st.snda;. the intricate carved wood in the Lt- hrery msy be I substitute for

rls- , .

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snd the Coronation peal began.

A peat, in companologists lang- uage, consists of five thousand or more changes, the Abbey pest tak- ing about three-snd-s-quarter hours to ring. There is no special Coron- stion peal as such and the con- ductor chooses I. suitable compos- ition. Harold Pltatow. who comes of 3. bell-ringing family, expects to call st the Coronation e. compos- ition that. is his uncle's variation of a well-known peal composed over 100 years ago. The Abbey bellrin(z- ers rang it at Her Majesty's wed- ding, and again in honor of Prince Charles birth, and on each occas- ion Mr. Pitstow was the conduct-

0?.

Change ringing. on he said, is not a musical study and has no connection with music beyond the fact that bells are tuned to a mus- ical scale. It is more of a math- ematlcsl study based on permuta- tions snd combinations, The me- bhod to be rung at the Coronation is Stcdmsn Triples, s seven-bell method, and from seven bells 5,040 changes can be got. The eighth or tenor bell is the last in cacti change and gives it rhythm and - musical finish .to the changes. It Ls the conductors job to see that the bells are rung tn the proper order and to ring his own bell as well, so that both ringing and conducting a petal calls for it great. deal of concentra- tion, allied to alertness of mind.

The Abbey bells cannot be seen from the ringing chamber for there are two floors between ringers and bells, the ropes going up through holes in the ceiling. In the ringing chamber there is far less noise

lrfmm the bells than there is out-

side. so little that Mr. Pitstow will not need to raise his voice to make

his calls. i

We us-tens;-cc-an-of-c-co-3-p-at

The people that walked in dark- ness have seen A neat light: they that dwell in the land of the shadow of death, upon them bath the light. shined.

FOR SALE

Store premises and resid- ence in a good community. twelve miles from Charlotte- town, for sale and immediate possession. The store consists of general country store to- gether with two warehouses and a seven (7) room resid- once on four (4) acres of

mam -.,.. mxco-st.-onset.-ozomeff

it it The Age-(llil Story

ing can be made fireproof with land-

the carved wood on the shelves

retained and treated with ll new Apply

process to reduce, it not eliminate,

the danger of them burning. M. A. FARMER

Solicitor

mm

COMPLETE VISUAL REFRACTIOZI AND ANNALYSIB G. F. HUTCI-IESON 8: SON Optometrists

We are caught. in in vocations! training almost. to the of the humanities. Skills have be- come more important. than the thinking process developed humnnftlu. Yet. life is richer :- gslmt the cultural background the humanities provide. We out hove this so well so the ttllo if we wish.

Tho pi-oblun '1: one for the schools to solve. It to true met the oornplexluu of modern living have forced than into tho voca- tional field to the dottllnont of the cultural. They would be wise to heed the wrenlnal of Dr. Truc-

mm and others that. this way IIOI tho decline of oouionhlnnon.

Non-ferroiu Monk .- llldeo

Nowuiduud Boilor'.Eubes,ollsi:uupto5"0. .x 22'. Aloo 25 III. Roll In random lengths. not-up loads are weighed free of charge.

ironic: nnocx. is co. ' A - KEN! srnnm

- Bottles - FOR

1. Notes By

"Horatio Alnr swords" no mode annually to those who have risen from use to richer in the Alger manner. It must be growing harder. though, to find anyone who got his start by saving the bankers daughter when the home ran away.-Edmonton Joumai.

Milkmen in Birmingham, Eng. land have been instructed to re- port to the police when the bot- tles of milk are not taken in by people who they know are living alone. A good idea that should be universally adopted.- st. Thom. as Times-Journal.

Remember when we used to drive happily here and there with- out stop lights. organize mass starlins shoots, have time to talk to the cop on the corner or the lnut-Ormltn. get 9. good cigar for a nickel, live within five miles of London. have good materials in

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of the late Eva. Peron, may mm.

APRIL 20, 1953

V.......,T

How much an means to hummspiys”1i1u:'i,,aq””h the terrible exp.-,n,,,,,e 0, thlged by en-year-old mute boy who be '9” helplessly mired in 5. city d,, C”'" Toronto. He was there fm-mp 1” hours. and nearly pex-Lshedg beg” he was discovered by accident H: as almost submerged by th One can only imagine the aw? medicament of this speechlesg bow Unable to shout to attract att Y" tton, he was entirely helpless 06:11. by good fortune Ls he alive 'mdna3f The mental torture he unden,-gig most. have been terrific. If can sionally our children annoy 1,; Q- tbelr noise. let. us be verv thanky ful they are able to shoinhwmd' sor Star. i