HVIARCI-I 25. 1953

Agricultural News

P. E. I. Department of Agriculture

Pat Stock Show & Sale

The second annual P. E. I Fat stock Show and sale is now his- tory. However, before we look to- wards next year a hearty vote of thanks and congratulations should be extended to all those who in any way contributed to the success of the Show and Sale.

immediately following the sale the annual meeting was held with the following results: Mr. Athol Roberts. President, Mr. George Kitsch, M.L.A.. Vice President. and Mr. Neil Matheson, Secretary.

Egg Graders

Last Saturday three girls and seten boys from different parts of the Province succemfully completed their examinations which was the termination of a three week course. It is interesting to note that '.lll5 entire class have jobs wait- iiig IOF lh9m-

On Wednesday afternoon thirty- ftve graders which represents over 5052 of the active graders in the Province took a practical test in cat: grading.

Agricultural Short Course

This well attended course has cttzered its final stages. The course of instruction will finish on Sat- urday.

The entire theme oi the course has been the practical approach to i3l'l0U.5 farm problems. Also. prac- tical demonstrations in farm mech- ;.m::s. judging live stock, restraint. the care and management oi .1.llll(llS with particular reference wt animal health.

Anemia In Pigs

The story of anemia in pigs is rm. fl. new one. Nevertheless. it is .1 swry which has to be repeated 4-ontinually because there are some Swine ralsers who do not pay attention to this condition.

This is one of the most frequent lltil5CS of trouble in nursing pigs mild is brought about by a delic- zcncy of iron. one of the few es- svntial elements not found in milk. This deficiency, which leads to the rendition known as anemia. can be avoided by pics access to a. pure supply of iC(lTi.

The most efficient method is employing the use of pig-iron paste. This is started when they

wad a pace! man",

Yea, son, in his community your grandfather was a great man. And today, in a beauti- fully landscaped resting place, among those whose lives he shared. stands an appropriate monument;-a lasting tribute in his greatness.

Someday. you'll appreciate more fully the significance of a fine memorial. You'll un- dc-rstand why nature's most beautiful atone-Vermont marble-is so widely chosen as a tribute to the departed and to inspire the living.

I t It

lo you who are about to solar! a lnmily memorial, we invite you to ion "The Memory Sionsf

Vere Beck 8: Son Ltd. Montague and Charlottetown

mAUTHORlZED DEALER

ltrmont Marble ii Memorial: of Endwln I I I U W" Y

Kilt SMELLS

we: 1

x . . . , , . mokop air sw I'n'lruh In kttcliens. rcllm, dos- crs. living rooms, bath- rooms, nurseries. kills smelly ad u from lisli, cabbage. oa- ' Ions, garlic. tobacco.

giving the young I I

are two or three days old and continued until they are about a month old. Another form of treat- ment is the administration of reduced iron. The usual dose is described as the amount that will fit on a small five cent piece. -Pigs affected with anemia. usu- ally show paleness of the skin. look of vigor. slug-gishness. failure to gain weight normally and are very easily fatigued even with minor exersion.

How ilinvlroment Affects Interior Egg Quality

one of the newest Ilogzans to hit one poultry industry is the "I. Q." of the egg. This does not stand for "Intelligence Quotient" as you would expect. but "Interior Quality." The reason for all this attention on the quality of the egg has been brought about be- cause too many poor quality eggs are reaching the consumer. Thus the drive is on to improve the quality of the egg that is laid and to keep this quality until it is consumed. It has been known for some time that hens vary in the kind of eggs they lay. me lay high quality eggs cons stently while others never lay a top qual- ity egg. Now breeders are taking steps to get rid of the low quality producing hens and use only hens that lay top quality eggs for their breeding work.

From Nest To Consumer

However. the job does not stop with the breeder. In fact, it is just the beginning of the long. hard Journey the egg takes from the nest to the consumer. It is long and hard because quite a few mgs do reach the consumer in what might be called an inferior state. That brings us to the title of this article; namely, how does environment or the eggs sur- roundings affect the interior quality of the egg? Let us divide the egg's environment into four stages as follows:

Stage I. Nest and hen house. stage 2. storage or holding room on the farm.

Stage 3. Transportation from farm to wholesaler or retailer. Stage 4. Wholesaler or retailer to consumer. '

Before we take up these stages. perhaps we should understand what kind of an egg we are looking for. Briefly. it is this: a clean. sound. well-formed shell whose contents have a lot of thick white built up around the yolk. This white should hold the yolk up and together so to speak. A poor quality egg has no or very little thick white and the yolk is flat and spread out. i

STAGE 1. Nest And Hen House Since this is the arrival place of

the egg. it is only natural that we take up this phase first. The con-

hardly any thick white and the yolk is flat and spread out. This breakdown can be traced directly to temperature. Liquefaction of the thick white proceeds much faster at high temperatures than it does at low ones. .

It has been shown t..:t when eggs are held at high temperatures there is an actual , e of wa- ter from the white into the yolk. This causes the vitelline membrane. which surrounds the yolk, to stretch and give the yolk that flat. spteadout appearance. It high temperatures cause this and low temperatures will almost stop this breakdown, it seems like a great deal of needless loss if the eggs are not kept at the proper temperature. A holding room temperature. of 50 to 80 degrees F. is recommended. '

Egg Room Humidity

Humidity. or the moisture con- tentiof the egg room, is tied in with temperature. The reason they should be spoken of together is that the moisture content of the air is measured it terms of per- centage relative humlditv. Re- lative humidity is the relationship between the amount of moisture in the air and the saturation point at that temperature, Warm air is. capable of holding more water than cold air. Thus. a change in temp- perature without an adjustment in the ,moisture content can be serious. A high temperature and a low moisture content in your egg room means that the air is going to draw moisture from wherever it can get it. It is usually the eggs that supply this. This in turn means increased evaporation and enlarged air cells. The air cell is another measure of interior quality. Another good habit for the poultry- man is to keep two days supply 0! eitgs cases in the egg room at all times. This givns the fillers and flats time to absorb moisture which they would take from the eggs otherwise. Too. this length of time in the egg room is not lnnrz enough to pick tip any mold which you certainlv do not want. A re- lative humidity of 75 oer cent or higher is recommended.

Circulation

Circulation of air in the egg room is an excellent way of bring- ing the temperature of vour eggs d0W!1 riibidly and it aLsn helps to keep down mold rrrowth. A small fan in the room will answer the purpose.

Packing the eggs is lust as important as any other phase of this journey. They should bu pack. ed as soon after they have cool- ed as possible in em: cases which contain clean. firm fillers and flats. Some people think thev are savinc monev by using old flats and fil- lers. What they save. if anythintz. on the cost of new fillers and flats they lose on duality and breakage and then some. The eggs should be packed small end down. Ezgs packed large and down are re- duced in quality because the air

cell is injured and the chalazae (thin, whitish cords attached to yolk) are weakened. This. of course.

ditlons we are concerned with in the nest and hen house are as follows: -15 the laying flock con- fined? You are going to have a higher percentage of dirty eggs if the flock is allowed to leave the pen. The hens will track the mud from the yard itito the nests. This in turn adheres to the egg and you will have an egg which is graded "dirty" regardless of the interior quality. unless it is clean- ed.

Collect your eggs at least three times a day in a wire basket. Your chances of keeping the in- terior quality of the egg and re- ducing the number of dirty and cracked eggs are much better if the above recommendations are followed. At least three collections is day are I ommended because the temperature and the humidity of the nest are anything but satis- factory for preserving egg quality. The egg should be cooled down as soon as possible after it is laid to get rid of body heat and to prevent shrinkage and liquefaction. This will not be accomplished if you leave your eggs in the nest for long. especially on one of our hot summer days. The wire bas- ket is recommended because it al- iows maximum air circulation. Fewer than three gatherings a day will aesult in more cracked, broken and dirty eggs. There are few things harder to clean than an egg covered with the yolk of an- other egg.

Problom Of Fertile Ens

The presence of males in your flock presents a problem when you are not producing hatching eggs. " be this: the presence of males in your flock cannot help the egg quality. but it can harm it. A fertile egg held at or above 80 degrees F. wil-start the embryo developing and. if held long e- nough. will result in blood. Bring this some egg down below 80 degrees F. and arrested development will result in a. blood ring and degen- eration. The interior quality of this egg has been ruined and the egg should not be sold.

STAGE 2. Storage Or Holding ltoom

. Temperature. humidity. and the mutant of air circulation are the important things to consider in your egg holding room. Most authorit- ies agree that all three of the :- bove factors are important in pre- serving egg quality but that tem- perature is the most important. Previously it wu' motioned that an egg of high quality has s lot of thick white or albumen in it with the yolk being held up and

together. while the poor on has

allows the yolk to move cltxsc-r to the shell.

The following recommendations have been made for the ewe room' A temperature of from 50 to so dtfrees F.: relative humidltv or 75 per cent: and eggs gathered in wire baskets and allowed in cool in the em room for about 12 hours. The eggs should he naclr. ed in 200d clean on cases. small and down. and shipped at least twice a week to insure top quality

Stages 8 and 4. Transnoration

It is quite evident at this time that we are dealing with a delicate piece of merchandise. Since it is such a delicate food item, inc fact, that you cannot let up at any nnr place along the line from the hen house to the consumer cannot be 0V91"9mDha.slzed, The number of tmes the egtzs are handled during this period between the farm and the consumer is important. Jar- rlng and rough handling can and does increase the number of cracks and loose air cells in your eggs.

The chief causes for decline in egg duality after the eggs leave the farm are the temperature of the egg case and the length of time in transit. In general. the amount of quality decline is smal- lest when the case temperature between the farm and receiver declined; and largest when the case temperature increases. Also. the longer eggs are in transit the poorer the quality.

It would seem that ilhere is much to be done in transporting this egg to the consumer just as carefully and swiftly as possible to be sure that a top duality product reaches the housewife.

THE GUARDIAN. CHARLOTTETOWN

Strange But True

By F. H. MacArthur

While putting flowers on his wife's grave. Emil Elder. 80. of Indianapolis, died as the result of a heart attack.

Did you know that countries have several flags?

In some the national flag repre- sents the government. while the Ensign is a special National Flag used by the navy, and the mer- chant flag is the emblem of nationality for merchant ships. Armies usually march to the colors of the national flag, or occasion- ally the Ensign. '

Iran has a. special flag government buildings.

By Admiralty warrant in 1892. Canada was authorized to use the Canadian Red Ensign as s Mer- chant flag. In 1945 this flag. which is the British Red Ensign with the shield from the Canadian ar-rns as a badge. was approved for use whenever a distinctive Canadian flag is required. Thus this flag serves as a national flag, although Canada does not have a flag specially designated as such.

0 O 0

some

for

The badge illustrates the Irish, English, Scotch and Hench origins of the people in the three lions. single lion. and harp and the fleur- de-lis. traditional emblem of France. Everybody knows or ought to know, that the maple leaf re- presents all Canadians. Vessels in the government service use Blue Ensigns with the badge.

Red in the Haitian flag stands for mulattoes and blue for Negroes.

According to historians Etybt was the first country to use flags. and legend has it that the Danish flag fell from heaven on June 15. 1219. when King Waldemar II de- feated the Fstonians in the bloody battle of Tallin.

An apprehended counterfeiter told police he had to work hardl to turn out 100 phony half-dollars a month. No matter how one goes about it there's very little profit in making money these days.

There are some 150 species of lice which live .on mammals by sucking their blood.

The city of Pittsburg boasts the biggest air-conditioning system on earth. The 4,500 horsepower system cools 64 floors in the three build- ings which comprise the building project known as ”gateway center".

.. . .

It takes i000 cocoanuts to produce 25 gallons of oil.

The largest herb is the banana plant.

In the past 12 years Uncle Sam has handed out more than 380,000.- 000.000 to foreign nations.

Just as Island boys and girls walk to school munching apples. kids from Mediterranean countries buy cucumbers from Street venders

CENTRAL GIMRDIAN

This column is reserved for news of local interest, but -advertising of a uuny nature may be Inserted at five cents a word. strictly on!- able in advance. -

COOK'S for Perfect Pictures.

"IVE TREAT THE SICK WELL" Giggey's Pharmacy.

MILK - the perfect food, ordu another quart.

LEHIGII HARD COAL is always the best. ,Arnfs.st Coal Co.

SEEDS! send for Free Catalogue. Arthur Vesey. York-

"YOUR DOLLAIIBUYS MORE- II the HUGHES DRUG STORE."

CIIASWELI. for

Better Photo- grsbha ...L..

ICE CREAM - the perfect des- sert - no preparation - econom- ical. '

CHARLOTTETOWN I! 0 T E L SUNDAY Special, five course

Chicken Dinner, 51.50. served from 12.30 to 2.30 P. M.

C0-OP EGG STATION for bet- ter egg returns. 60 Fitzroy St... (formerly Swift's).

TO USE AN OLDIE-Don't say

milk, say. ttsunshlne Milk and Blend, please." MOTHERS CLASSES FOR

MOTHERS TO BE are beinil held by the Public Health Nurses. Phone 1315 for information.

CI-lAlfLOT'I'E'I'0WN H 0 '1' F: L Easter Monday Dance. Buffet Sup- per. dancing 9 to l A. M. Tickets 52.00.

WEDNESDAY MORNING SPEC- IALS.-Nylon I-lose. sizes 9 to 10'.-. Special 99c. Pretty Cotton House- dressea. Sizes 14 to 44. Regular 52.98. on sale Wednesday only. for sl.98. Also Corded Silk Handbags. navy. -and black. SD8Cl81 M95. Th? Gloria Ladies Wear.

OBSERVE WEDDING ANNIVER- SARY - Friends and relatives gathered at the home of Mr. and Mrs. W. A. Nicholson, Pleasant Valley on Saturday evening. March 2lst., to celebrate their twenty- fifth wedding anniversary. and presented them with a trilight

PAGE THREE

We Andi Our Neighbours

bi Ruliamah Scheinfeid Frank

JOURNEY TO RUSSIA

Stalin's death has let loose new floods of words about Russia, and a. few more about my journey to Russia in the slimmer of 1935, will hardly make any difference, Natur- ally, one week in Leningrad, and one in Moscow, scarcely give me the authority to write about, '”rhe Russia I Knew". but these purely personal impressions may prove of interest.

Particula rly since rewected writers in recent years have indicated conditions are about the same or worse.

I had long wanted to find out for my self what grains of truth there were in the absolutely con- tradictm-y reports about Russia. was she a land where all the

workers shared alike and went about free and glorying in a wonderful new Brotherhood? or

was Russia a nightmarish land of Siberian exiles. purges and secret police? Thevre seemed to be no middle ground.

That summer an international convention of doctors was held in Leningrad. chiefly to study the experiments tin Conditioned Re- action) of Ivan Pavlov. the famous Russian physiologist. Nurses. busi- ness men. social workers and teachers were going to, and I decided to tag along.

I 8 U

The city of Leningrad. filled with the palaces of the Czarist regime. was an eerie combination of decaying splendor and extreme and drab poverty. Old Palaces. that showed in design and workman- ship. the hand of master-crafts- men and artists, had been cut up into workers apartments. Often. the from of a palace had been preserved as a public museum. while the rear was used as living quarters. Little had been done, in repairs or cleaning. and conditions were shocking when one got a glimpse behind the scenes. as. I fortunately did. (And shall describe later).

It Lenten Meditation

From The Columns 0

f The Times, London

THE END OF A YEAR

1 since the time of Julius Caesar the civil year has begun with the first day of January. The eccles- iastical year has been thought to begin at various times-March 25

was a popular choice in western countries; and the ”ritual year” had, and still has, yet. another

starting point, Adven-t Sunday. But the arrival of a new civil year is not itself without religious meaning, for these years are them- selves reckoned as successive ”years of the Lord.” and their computa- tion (only approximately correct) from the birth of Jesus Christ goes back at least to the sixth century. This method of reckoning im- plies that the meaning of history. for Christians. is to be found in its relation to what they regard as its central event, the birth of Jesus Christ. the coming of God into human life and human history. The morbid reflections of some Christian hymns are not a good guide for the individual as he fac- es the end of one year and the be- ginning of another. some solemn- lty may not unfittingly be attach- ed to a reminder of opportunities gone never to recur. but the dom- inant mood should he one of con- fidence ln God's power to mould

his work in the opinidn of the authorities.

Mrs. L's huvbaiid. for was a research worker in thcj agricultural department and as such was many notches above the "typical worker" we saw. Yet he was given the rare privilege of a one-room not two room apartmentl all to himself, his wife, and child; Workers lower in the scale. shared; a room with one, too. three or' more couples, Above Mr. L. were rank on ran-k. some of the top people had fine homes and cars. and servants. i As to the pay. equalitv was at joke. Mr. L. received 750 roublesi a month scarcely enough to live on. (Roubles were selling on the streets for 20 or more an American dollar.) Slices were 300

example,

the course of history. often in un- predictable ways.

when Christ was born Rome was unmoved. Jerusalem was not interested, and even at Bethlehem the Nativity was relegated to an outhouse of an inn. Yet Christians believe that what God was doing there was the most significant and far-reaching thing that he has ever accomplished in human his- torv.

The fact that ohristendom has dated its years from that event is a striking testimony to this belief: and though Government circulars now refer to ”iorenames" instead of ”Christian” names, in deference to the feelings of those who by birth or choice are nori-Christian. no one is at present suggesting that the Christian talendar shall be replaced by a purely secular chronology.