'ri\'oe' more" Tlli GIIIHITIETUII lilllllllllt

Inning Dally (hands! In lift) indium blunt-Del. W. Cluster I. Mal-en Vllo-hdslssm

I. l Burns". IJ-l. loerstarys Haul. Onl- D. A. lllellnnoll. 0-3-0- llllos and laughs; Illnesses J. l. Bus-nest. IJ-l. lieslllmidltors: nlliu ml l-lell- l" 4

l-‘nni W Iunsetk llLNN-IL 101s Active Service)

‘The Strongest Memory is Weaker Th! the Weakest Ink.’

TUESDAY, APRIL ll, l9“

Penal Reform

The declaration by Hon. Herbert Morrison. Home Secretary, in favor of s further advance ln penal reform in Great Britain. l! l Yemllldfl’ that this is one of the important problems to be takcn up in Canada when peace comes.

’l‘he report of the commission headed by Mr. Justice Archambault in 1933 showed that Bri- taiii was far ahead of Canada in_ penal adniin- isiration, in its efforts for the reinstatement of offenders and the pre\'enti0it_.0f crime. If Bri- tain is going to make more improvements, as is “fggd by .\Ir. Morrison, then it is high time that Canada was stepping along.

juvenile delinquency is one phoie of ll“ larger problem of crime and of llellal adlllllllsllu" lion with intelligent, constructive purposes. llie keen interest 110w taken in Canada 1n Juvenile

deliiiquen y, a situation important enough in ltsclf, squid stimulate public interest in the whole fic d of pellill 1'60""-

siotfooo. 60o. £17m.

Governor Graham Towers. of the Bank 0f Canada has been telling how, in the Collllllg Ye?"- playiiig our war part, Canada Wlll spend roughly $100,000,000 per week. Accepting this (‘Sil- mate, and putting it another way, we shall be spending $15,000,000 a day. or lbout $1,000,000 each hour between dawn and dusk.

Looking back over our past, says the Ottawa

ournal, Mr. Towers’ figures seem fantastic. lfet all they mean is that all of us are working more and producing more, and getting rid of what we produce. Money is merely the measure- ment of it, the dollar value of our work. If it were possible for more of us to work harder and produce more we should be able to spend more. _

Thst is why Canada's financial and economic position in the post-war must depend entirely upon whether all of us or most of us can go on working. If there be work for all, with the war level of production maintained, and with it the national income, our debt and interest charges and costs of government will matter little. 'I‘l-iey will be relative to our ability to pay. The catch in the thing, the core of the problem, is how, in peace, \ve can all manage to go on work- ing. It will take s. lot of home consumption, plus s lot of foreign markets, to equal the maw of war.

International Trade Problems

No more important problem faces thfi Pflstlvi" world, says an exchange, than the restoration on an abundant scale of the flow of international

trusted with the management of the national debt. It still acts ss banker to the British gov- ernment and in other ways undertakes various state duties. It also acts as banker for other banks. '

The “proprietors" or stockholders now ntiin ber about 17,000.

after nearly a quarter of a. century of service.

vate institution.

EDITOR ma; NOTES i-

11L In s church burglary in Montreal last week, the burglar obtained and drank a bottle of rub- bing oil, which was kept for medicinal purposes. No report of anyone being poisoned reached

the police. a a u u

The reward offered the Allies for the fall of

manuel in favour of his son, Humbert, Prince

of Piedmont. The (lay the Allies enter Rome,

says his august Majesty, he will withdraw

from public affairs in favour of his son. u is e a

Is this where they are? An Axis transmit- ting station purporting to operate from Britain, said iii a broadcast that “President Roosevelt left Washing-ton for the Caribbean Sea, wliere he is to make last-minute plans with Prime l\Iin- istcr Churchill about operations in Europe dur- ing coming weeks." Reuters news agency re- corded the broadcast. It was announced at the \Vhite House that the President was taking a fortnighfs rest in the South. Location of his holiday place was not revealed. O i W U A contract calling for shipment 0f a minimum of 7,500 long tons of dried egg powder annual- ly during r944 and i945 has been entered into between the Special Products Board and the British Ministry of Food. The contract also provides that at the option of the Ministry up to 18,000,000 dozen eggs of the r945 shipments may be taken as shell eggs. The minimum coii- tract quantity of dried egg powder is equivalent to 48,000,000 dozen shell eggs. Pre-ivzir egg exports to Britain were about 1,000,000 rlozcn annually. Shipments of dried egg in 1943 were the equivalent of 34,000,000 dozen shell eggs. I I

It has been decided by the organization coin- mittee of the Sherbrooke, Que, Honor Roll that the names of draftecs will not appear on the tablet, WlllCll is to be erected at thc inter- section of King and Wellington streets. Fol- lowing a lengthy discussion, members of the committee also voted that those who enlisted in the services under General Order 139 will not be listed on the Honor Roll. llowcvcr, the names of those who volunteered for active ser- vice in the various services of the country, both men and women, will be inscribed 0n the Ilonor Roll in order, showing rank, service and unit,

trade, now dammed back and enormously dim- inished by I. variety of barriers. It is peculiarly important for a country like Canada, whose climate conditions restrict her range of products Ind force her to be s trading nation. So it is all to the good that Governments of the United Nations and industrial and business organiza- tiom which are deeply involved in _a successful solution of the problem are exploring its com- plicated facets and trying to work out praCflCfll policies. _

Of the pronouncements made upon this sub- loot, one of the most eatplicit and elaborate comes from the Federation of British Industries, which is the British equivalent of the Canadian Manufacturers’ Association. It marks a distinct advance upon an earlier manifesto which was severely criticized by Britsli papers, like the Lon- don Economist, ss being shortsighted and vague. These deficiencies, however, have been largely removed in the lstest report of the International Trade Policy Committee of the federation.

As s start, it pronounces for maximum free play for individual incentive as a requisite for the future success of private enterprise, justifi- ution of which lies ln its efficiency and -oonti'1- bution to the community's welfare. Postulating that world prosperity is made up of the indi- vidual prosperity of the nations of the world, it explains that the inability of Britain, the greatest of ell purchasing markets, to maintain her pre- war scale of imports would react seriously upon other nations, and argues that, having been transformed from a creditor into a debtor nation with income from foreign investments and serv- ices greatly curtailed, she will be uneble to pre- serve this scale unless she can incree her visible exports by 4o per cent or 5o per cent of the prewar level.

The Bank of Engldnd

Recently it was announced, without any flu- farc of trumpets, that a "general court of pro- prietors" of the Bank of England was meeting

one; H.R.H. the Duke of Gloucester, is married to a direct descendant of Monmouth, who mar-

busler and busier in the

published an article which gives a fairly good idea to what extent public opinion is divided on

and those killed in action will he ilcsigiintctl by a black cross.

$ Q F Ontario Agriculture Minister T. L. Kennedy announces that under an agreement made be- tween the Ontario and Federal governments Ottawa in future will pay the hog bonus ivliilc the provinfdreniits its 1iortion of the $2,000,000 total annually to Ottawa. The change is t0 simplify procedure for hog producers who up to‘ now have had to make applications to both governments for the bonus. In future applica- tions will go to Ottawa only. Ontario pays premiums of $1 on grade “A” and 50 cents on grade B1 hogs while Ottawa pays $3 on grade "A" and $2 on grade Bi. A special staff of

Royal forces met the English insurrectionists at Sedgemoor, defeating them; judge jeffreys was sent to Winchester to try the rebel leaders (including Monmouth) with the result he con- demned 32o to death; this is known ss the "Bloody Assize"; after the flight of James II,

London where he died at the early age of forty-

ried the heiress of the Buccleuchs, and became Duke of Buccleuch in 1605.

u o it- Tlie supporters of prohibition are becoming province of Quebec. Le

Progres du Saguenay Chicoutimi), has just

heir names are riot gen- erally known and the Bank's reputation for pro- ceeding about its business in a quiet and entire- ly unspectacular mariner is enhanced by the “mystery man" legend built up around its gov- eriior, the enigmatic, bearded Mr. Montagu Nor- man, whose resignation was annonuced last week

The point, however, is that, after 25o years,

some lean, some fat, the Bank is still doing great business, is still safe-and is still a pri-

Rome is the resignation of King Victor Em-

Turning temfilstlon of so dismal s of the results of the Bppl

effort to solve the prevention of crlme. let us l what other method; hsv, applied Ngwt eon uc ed 1n various prisons ln the United States and elsewhere, of which the Prison 1n New conspicuous exam 1e. system kno fare In an applies self-government among the vlcts themselves.

"to consider a dividend." h ferring to the stockholders’ gathering, notes an exchange, was the same as that used on March

The language re-

25, i695, when the Bank's first half-yearly divi- dend was declared.

As it happens, this time the dividend was also the same-six per cent. The institution. known for generations as the Old Lady of

this question: "In Roberval, one of the most impressive scenes was witnessed when mothers of families took the Town Hall by assault to let it be known that they wished to continue living

cards punishment and pigpln thQ objective of reforma-

varlety of experiments

of England."

Tlireadncctlle Street, is one of long history and Iiigli tradition. Not ivitliout ample cause is there a phraisi- in ilie language, "as safe as the llzink

Iliiriiig the 25o years of its’ existence, the illllb Im- successfully weatltcrvrl mnny fin- ancial storms, including those raised by the l1llll'li'¥llll‘~ of ivai‘. lt has long been rcgnrrled as ihc Fllllllflfnl and safest bank iii the ivnrltl. It his had its troubles of course. Once, in its ("zrly years, it hltl to suspend ‘pavment and the fioutli Sen Rubble episode gave it some sleep- less fiiullltl.

l

l

His Ilonor the Mayor gave his casting and de- cisive vole against the ‘booze.’ criiitiiiti going to do? and Saint-joseph d'/\lma? As for Dollieau it is undcrstooil that the sys-

rrcent referendum."

always taken care t0 preach temperance and not prohibition.

associations supported the demands of those citizens who wislictl to continua the prohibition Fqfllllf‘. The time srrivctl for the final decision, the alrlermen paired off; three for three against.

What is Chi- d

C

cm of sales permits is continuing following a a

lfAciion Cathnlique has

In practice nevertheless societies uvler the direct iiifltieiicc of flic clergy have

lil'.'ll|l~(‘llll(l of one “lilliaiii Piilcrsou, lllC

laiik received its charter in 1694 and was cii- f

iicvcr stopped demanding prohibition in the rc-

iinder the sign of prohibition. And the muni- fifld",°,fjfig,,uoifif‘°pel,flfllg,l,jg 3%; cipal council tinaiiimously agreed to fall in with Flflmlkllilllflllon; ‘Llttk Conimon- the wishes of the women and of the whole pop- we“ i F?“ “mwverlllllfl 01" ulation. In Bagotville, petitions and c0unter- iiiailillzdnstforflslllaaeoallonlgifliiiiveRnfi; petitions were addressed to the council. All the C°1°nl°ll “M11118 Colonies; Boys’

Towns and others. In heso e taken by judicial officers of Justice fa become more

youthful delinquents and their n. removal fro vfronmenta.

dltlons dellhquente are given sup- d

thllt new habits may and the delinquents fitted ualf iii. adult and Juvenile,

note ls research and lndlvlduallza tlon of treatment.

rue ciinizcorriifrowiji cunnnim

JUVENILE

llELIllllllElllH

An hlstorlesl survey of the problem, and of le l mess- ures to cope wtls it.

By W. E. Bentley, ILC.

for larceny or theft was hanging.

u fugitives who were ttileve. In Elizabeth's time (1658 to

1603) another historian (John s e) . ‘no were tmmd up space, and there was

not one year commonly wherein three or four hundred were not devoured and eaten by the gallows". In one year alone in one county alone (Somerset) 40 persons were executed. 36 robbers were brand- ed ln the hand, 3'7 were w . and 1&3 discharged as "lnco glble vagabonds." Yet ln the opfnlon of this historian this large number of prisoners did not constitute even is flfth of the actual crlsl- lnsls. i

Slr Wllllam Blackstone, in 17W, after stating that 60 offences were then punlmeble with death. de- elared: "So dreadful a 11st. Instead of diminishing, increases the mim- her of offenders.” Reasons are given by Blackstone for his state- ment. “The Injured persons," he states, "thro h compassion, will often forbear prosecute. Juries. through compassion, will forget their oaths, and either acquit the guilty or mitigate the nature of the offence; and judges, through compassion, will respite one half of the convicts, and recommend them to the royal mer ." Dr. Temple, Archblsho of Can- terbury, ln the first lark Hall Lecture (see "The Ethics of Penal Action," 1934i stated the hinin source of efficacy to deter crime was not the severity of punish- ment. but the certainty of punish- merit. Admission today ts general that severity of punishment as a. crime deterrent has proved n failure.

Does Not Exist

As to the suggestion that cer- tainty of punishment is the main source of efficacy 1n deterring crime, the record of experience shows iio such certainty exists. In the year 1938, there was pub- lished 1n ETlgllllld a report of the Departmental Committee on De- tective Work and Procedure. The report contained a summary of the work and procedure of the detective forces in counties, cities 11nd boroughs. It. declares: "In thocuscs of simple larceny, which forms so hfgli a proportion of crimes committed, the pro ortlon of undetected crimes 1s sub ect. to somewhat similar variations from force to force, and on the average Ls about fifty per cent." That is to say. about 50 per cent of thefts went unpunislied because detective forces were unablg to de- tect or discover who were the of- fenders. Referring to the groups of of- fences which lncluded burglary. tiousebreaklng, sliopbreaking, etc, 1.11.», report states: "The average proportion of undected crlme of this class ln the forces as a. whole 1s as hlgh as ‘l0 per cerit and the ayerago for both county forces and city and borough forces ls a. little over 60 per cent." In the light of this report re- garding ci-lme conditions and de- tection of crime ln England, the

crime prevention Ls inadequate ls recetvlng‘ general acceptance. Ma- or S. . Foulkes, M.D. (London- xeter), in a paper published ln tho Canadian B Review, tn Jan-

Experlments Whfeh Discard Punishment

then from the con-

lcture

cation ls Jeffrey: was arrested, and sent to the To\vcr of ggrulgglsnga: oielllflluxififlnfelntflllf‘ if‘: 83:5“?

problem of ulre een

been

ind with what result vloerlments have

famous Slug Sing York f s There e rm ss s Mutual Wel- lies been tried. It fs n of the principle of con- 'I!ie system dis- ncentratea

Amonl juvenile delinquents

IN

111611111811". the role tribunals and tending to that of mere Rkencfes for the apprehension of

m injurious, social en- _

Hearings" “are con- ucted ln rlvate. Under new con. rvlslon and training

l ufflcfently extended urns l

geesrfod so formed fled to lead useful llveanllg treatment of offenders, both the modern

.<-u4u&fll-.__ A spilt-Ad‘ _.-_

_,..

(To be Continued)

PUBLIC FORUM

OIMPIERIII rofyeemuidwhenlsees

flatter” I rub nayl/neyes and read

Durlrig the reign of H VIII lt two or thm es. es a letter

(1509 to 154'!) a period of y- Ls quite a treat and lt generally eight years, when the punishment smacks of llllw.

nll 0f that time llllll d Wllih the ll M1‘. H. E ‘lxfiomscldfmodeictlilr-ed: "Seven ifufche handled hi: ysubject at thousand set and potty thieves their rneetlnl 111d cllllfll-l Th! were 1111;! Er esielfh." Blr Thom: 33:31.10? sisvgrelailusmm illsudllll: M°°r° 0.12.1"... politics in the discussions with the

year. been able boat has been pushed into the service to add to the ‘ creas-

ed

shfnrbut the thought of’ the new foe breaker at able the shipping 612111181‘ and get t ese ships releas- e . commodities besides ore that this lce breaker. will release. They weren't short of ships but the lce breaker would allow these ships s longer season to carry the neces- sary goods.

Edward Island. When we lost the Charlottetown we were so shock- ed ft took ins months to the seriousness of the that we only liad the old boat to fall back of Trade and our Provincial Gov- ernmcnt hollered but the excuses at Ottawa were “no room, and no heavv material, to bulld breaker."

boa . iii ttlie U.S.A. and 1f rumor ls cor- PEC , have been built in the U. S. A. and would be operntl if the contract was of cred. What difference where lt was built? The old bout wiis built in Great Brl- t-ilri and she was good, and 1f the U.S.A. can bulld a , breaker they could bulld a $5.000,- 000 car ferry for us, and the ma- jorlty of our people feel that lf the Government offered the con- tract t0 an American concern you would be surprlsed haw 0U!‘ have found room to build l1 boat.

taln of the ward Island". "Hurry up and get the freight over. Bring over empties and take back fullfiars. ivhst Ls the matter with you

take your time. be careful of those Ienky plates; are about our condition 1f the P.E.I. went down.

us wlmt we are going t0 do next ivliitcr and leave Mr. Miitcli alone. He. like Mr. Pratt, ls not afraid to

THE DETROIT ICE BREAKER

Blr,—-I sin a subscriber to the Patrlot and have been for n 1111m-

D0 A member of Trinity" ls

not

Men of Trliilty Church Asoclatlon. As Mr. Mutch ls a senior member UL mat organization he was of- ferecl the privilege to addres that meeting, and I Judge his pet theme would be transportation. Not be- lng u member of Trlnlty I thought I shouldn't be there, and was glad mat. L nad a chanoe to read the address ln The Guardian. Mr. lvliitcli struck out from the shoul- der, u he usually does. I wonder ii trio Plllflul. refused to print this address on the same ground that 1t refused b0 publish the let- ter of Mr. Pratt of St. Peters. I didn't see 1t anyway. Now let iu compare tho need: of the Detroit lce breaker with the needs of a. new car ferry for Prince Edward Island.

The reports come to us regular- ly of thn wonderful work the ships are doing on the Great Lakes each

The shipping tonnage has increasing and every avail-

demand. There was no loss of Detroit would en- to be opened There

are other essential

Look. at the position of Prince

rea llze situation, on.

Our Island Board

an lce

They were building hundreds of ts 1n Canada, and thousands

our new lce breaker could

here now

80.000000 lce

quickly

Canadian would

shipyards Look tit. the position of the Cap- old shlp "Prince Ed- First demand:

The next. Caution: "Go easy, if you sink her we

lost." One could write a book

Mr. Trnilty Member should tell

owes 7aa§eueirov ro

fiaimoviuo MEN

Candy is a must to the armed forces-it's l down-toearth need; energy on the march, a pick’ up when spirits flag, when the going is tough. Chocolate is afighting food . . . and emergency field rations include, always, vital basic sugar in the form of Chocolate.

When you find it hard to obtain all you want of the fine Ganong's Chocolates you like so well —remember men in the armed forces like Ganongh equally well. ‘Till Victory-be glad they have theml And don't blame your dealer, for we are giving him all possible supplies under the present circumstances.