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I THE cnagwrrarowu GUARDIAN

Fox FARMERS. STOCK BHREEDERS

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PAGE craves: .- “—. . 4a

i. AND GARDENERS

ANIMAL iillSBANliRY

Th, authoritative informatfofi concerning Jersey cattle we may

profitably consider what hag been written s. short time ago by one of

Canada's leading Jersey breeders. "A few months ago when in

Portland, Oregoh, I went with the field man of the American Jersey cattle Club to call on some Jersey breeders. For a private reason I had requested my guide not to tell

my breeder, who did not know me, who I was. In due courm we came to a breeders farm and looked through his herd o; cows very carefully. They were excep- tionally good. But when he show- ed us his yearlings and calves we found them to be about the most misreable, sarved, pot-bellied lot of stunted animals‘! had ever seen. This brezder. four or five years ago, had heard me give a little talk on not over-fattening Jersey heifer

calves, but he did not recognise

mo, The point I want to make is. there is s. happy medium. of course.

"On the Island. of Jeri;ey' no

calves are shown wh ch are under

a, year old at the time of the ex- hibition. We all know that highly- fmed calves and yearllngs at an exhibition are a wonderful attrac- tion, particularly to the new breed- er 0r the casual visitor, but the more experienced has learned to shrug his shoulders and remark, "What a pity so many good and promising things have been ruin- ed with feed.’ For many years I have attended. the Spring shows on the Island of Jersey, and I cannot recall being at 011g of theze where some newer breeder did not remark to one of the more eccperierioed. “have you seen tbs yearlingslf and heard the reply. “D- the yearllngs, they are ruined with ferd."

"Already two extremes have been quoted, but perhaps we should pay a little more attention to the man who does not give his growing young stock sufficient nourishment to keep them growthy, thrifty and healthy. We all know from our ex- periences with the human race that under-nourishment is very disas- trous. It is just a true with Jersey calves. It will result in lack of suf- ficient constitution, vigour and strength, lack of capacity for the life's work of the animal, and is very apt to cause malformations, such as crooked hind legs and the sway back.

"Some breeders attain best re- sults by letting calves nursefor the first few days; others commence pail feeding at once. Either will do. For many years breeders have known that a calf will put on weight and flesh much more rap- idly if allowed to nurse a cow than though the milk were taken from the cow and pail-fed to the calf immediately. Recent experi- ments szem to show that the reason for this is that certain mineral substances evaporate from the milk very rapidly after it is drawn. Where calves are pail fed it is Very essential that all pails be kept clean, that the milk be kept at the proper temperature, and for the first week or two err by giving too little rather than too much. Calves should be starttd on whole milk. and this gradually changed until about three months of age they are getting skim milk.

"When a cal.‘ is still very youns it will commence nibbling at hay if itvcan be obtained. If hay is not present. bedding, which is certain to cause indigestion or other

therefore, be providld 1°!‘ iii- m winter months calves should be taught to eat a. few slices of mang- cls or turnips rwery day at 9-9 earl)’ an age as possible.

"Experienced breeders are advo- cating having cows freshen out- - doors in paddocks. Mt

if any shelter

as it is posibke, and calves

is provided they ketp the outside until Winter weather stabling. Calves reared in this way seem to make the most satisfactory progress. They commence grass when very young: plenty of exercise, but careful, after thcv are housed the winter, to still give the calves out-door exercle.

"The secret of 51100958 a Jersey hei'er semis to be. the calf should never lose its calf- flerh, or condition. and it should never be allowed to get any fat- ter. We are always desirous that each heifer raised will make tho but possible cow. Proper develop‘ ment of bone. muscle. capacity. "iii general body conformation are all considerations.

“Provided a Jersey calf has been giowthy an thrifty, had plenty of exercise an a sufficient 1111610"? of bulky feed, by the time it is just over five months old it should b! taken c1: milk; but durin! the stage when it is receiving milk. there is a great danger lffliiili which the inexpdrienoed. and I "- gret to say many exptrit breeders, should be cautionoed. 1t is quite a common thins to Io in- to a barn shortly after the calves have been. fed their milk. and see them. where they are in mum together. slacking each other. This sometimes can" calves to lot in- digestion. which in times leads to bloating and sudden death. It is blamed by some ls the cause for what we occasionally fee in mltuN wvrs, the roiling of tn, tongue. 0i‘ wind-sucking. But the two mat dangers from this practice are: First. the constant pulling ls almost 09min to ruin the shape of t udder, so tbatby the" time the heifer commences milking w: find In udder rnd teats 498811501‘ l1? "In as ‘like five cents worth of carrots.’ In com; even in a

r_—_~.

weak quarters-or

and even then, if

begins.

[like her to be to milking life. Just

i

in

“FEATHERWEIGHT” CHAMPIONS

Faircst of fowl are these two proud bantam pallet, out with pride, s “m.” zztilllargest altfltcggishow. In spite of the difference they are both "foam".

lest at the New York Willi-FY show. throws its chest I18 beside a villlite Wyandotte cock bird, c

young calf, some secretion will be brought into the udder, which 1s certain not to be properly dried up, and when the heifer comes into milk she may have one or more more completely ruined quarters. Under circumstances of this kind calves should be separated, and 11 mo“. rary, kept in single loose boxes. 1n fact, this treatment Ls preferred,

“After the feeding cf mug u; calves has been discontinued, the ideal situation in the winter time is to put the heifers in a barn by themselves and not put, with the mature cows until they themgelvag ire Elvin! lfiiik. Many breeders found this to be a. good practice before the days when there was so much talk about herds being blood testfroe from abortion, and now they are finding it almost an essen- tial. We believe that Jercey calves can be raised to much. better ad- vantage without the use of any. Brain feed whatever until time as the heifer is safely in calf, has had proper feed in sufficient quantities, the grain feed will not be found necessary until after her lactation

OIiB 01'

she

“By the time s. Jersey heifer is Seven months in calf, we locom- mend that she should be in as good Jlesh and condition as one wculd her I would like to tell of an experience we had. A few years ago, on the Island o? J9me)’. we purchased some in-calf heiifrs Mm one o! the most fem- ested, at the time of hei’ first ‘m5 Island breedefi- This held had calving there will bc very little dif- Pewhod yew sleet prominence. flculty 0n account of inflammation and the owner ivsim taking too in her udder, and shortly after 3°“ care °i' hi5 cii-ive-‘i- 511d f0!‘ calving one may commencefeed- W0 01' ihI-"v W815 iii-Bed i>i‘“'fl ing her a pound or two of a ration i°° ili- The best bred fliio i5! thfse made of 100 lbs. .0: bran; 10o lbs. heifers, on both sides of her pedi- Inee, we sold in quarantine to an Easter-n exhibitor about a month before she freshened. and her ap- pearance made us think she was even better than her breeding. ,After calving lhecauszd her pur- chaser to write us: "The two-year- old you sold me was certainly s. the calf will eat its rtraw,beauty at quarantine. She is still

,a very fine-looking animal, except abdominahfor the rather important part of trouble. Clean clover hay shouldflher known as the udder. The less ‘said about that the mtter, but I

commm here

|may say that her parents might ‘to .be ashamed of it. If a cow had any choice in court, this one could rue her sire and dam and recover dam- ages." The hefer, now a cow, had a round udder not much with the,than_ it was a month before she ‘vi u" e ‘l"“§§i..i2°f“i.3€“h?“bt.“.132 P22: p . e w y her, and she has proven one of forces} the mo-t valuable breeding cows

in the Eastern United States.‘

“If the heifer ireshens in the

to eatiSumrner, good pasture is sufficient they get and ifeal feed for her until calv- one must be ing. If she is to fr: for,winter months, we conider daily ‘cut-of-door exercise almost essen-

l tial. Proper

successful breeder

H011!‘

more quarters of leave it, or them.

vwher. ll

really sound than twice B answer be as

be a heavy producing

in proper shape times a day-

alordolflflliili

grooming will in raisin-g good dividends during the follow- ling months, not only in produc- tion. but in the saving of feed. The will have in store plenty of good succulent feed, such as hay, ensilage, and perhaps turnips or other roots. ‘The, point to bear in mind is. the heifer must keep in good condition, that is not fail in flash. and at the same time her dlzenive and elimination sys- tem must be kept properly flim- licning. Much grain feed will have! a tendency to heat the blood. which will cause inflammation of the ud- der and mammory system. This is dangerous. We must remember the tlsauu of the udder and the uscles attaching same to the body are uh- developed and tinted. They have not pccd been subjected to any strain. Much inflammation a very not to leave e damaged condition, such as we too often see, the udder broken away the body and later very petul- uuj; no much inflammation has also been known to settle in one l1!‘ the udder and in a permanent- crippled condition. always

ed, for at least a few

u‘d like to g1"

h; wo "m '° ‘v’ u. breeders who favor.

such

larger

shen during the

Pa?

the argument as to whether or not it is econom- to mill: cows day. Let the correct " e-i may.“ ders con n Bell hm hm heifers udder she should be milk- months, time

DION

NEWS Y

\

News a

- . SUNSPOTS

1f the luv of averages holds 800d we are speeding towards the next great outburst of sunspots or- msculae. last maximum of these disturbers of Natuvebpeaee was in 1937-8, and as this maculae have usually an eleven-year cycle, we may expect another maximum in 1998-9. The yore. however. rather erratic as was pointed out in last weekls Notes; for example, astron- omers assert that thcr, were prac- tically rh sunspots between‘ 184.5 and 1715-0. period which ought to have furnished at lelst six maxinio.

When s. sunspot is very large it may be observed with tbs eye alone, Providing that useful member is screened from overmucb sunlight by a smokedglass. or even a photographic negative. Several times‘ in the course of my exper- ience I have seen these unwelcome phenomena. On Dec; 13, 1999, a spot was visiblo which was esfimat- ed to be 35.000 mfles across (about four times the earth's diameter.) and this could easily be seen when a light cloud obscured the surr.

champiom. Tm tiny silver

are also exhibitors. A" young breed- er on the Island of Jer;ey owned the best daughter, at the time, of what later proved to be one of the most popular bulls the Island of Jersey ever produced. The daugh- ters o.‘ this bull were being shown for the “Bull and Progeny" prize, which is the Island's most coveted, price. All of those interested in the progeny of this particular bull begged the breedu‘ i0 cut down on his grain feed. They alLo endeav- ored to persuade him not to exhibit the heifer at two local shows, but to save her for the All-Island Show. He, of coune, would not b: con- vinced. so kept on with his feed- ing, over-bagged the heifer for the two l;cal s. CW5, with the result that by the time of the All-Island Show her udder was completely broken away from her body and almost trailing on the ground. “After a. heifer has her first calf. and the infammation leaves the udder, a grain ration should be commenced, but fed very lightly, in very few cas:s should a heifer re- ceive a maximum amount within sixty days Irom the date of calv-i ing. Once again the careful herds- marl much watch the bowel move- ment of the animal under his care,

This spot had been seen on Dec. 3rd at varlus observatories, so I was a little behindhandl As it was rather to the right of the sun's centre .tt was faintly reminiscent of the black patch worn on the cheek by court beauties, tempo Charles ‘I. During the time of its appearance wild storm commenc- ing in Britain (where 28 lives were lost) raged across the Atlantic (- meter 27.5 inchesl) but blew themselves out before they reached P.1d I. Very often we don't realize ou luck!

. H. Spencer Jones, Britain's A ‘ omer Royal. in his tlfdllght- compelling book “Worlds Without End‘ (1935), gives c. rather detail- ed account -of a great sunspot ob- served iu 1919, just after the max- imum period. A sunspot, he says, is a gigantic fluinel-shsped vortex in the outer regions of the sun. ',Arcimd the vortex intensely hot gas from within the Sun isdwhirl- ing spirally upwards." During a. total eclipse, when the light o1 the Sun is out off by the intervention of the moon, long streamers of burning gas (called "prorninences") am seen standing out from the sun's limb (or edge) for thousands of miles. '

There promiriences are intimate- ly connected with sunspot-s: they “are most numerous when sunspots are most numerous, and vice versa." This preamble leads us to the great display which began in March. 1919.

On the 22nd of that month, a

both as to quantity and normality. If either is wrong the other sooni will be. so we recommend that proper medicinal treatment should be givcn at once, and the amounti of grain cut down.

"After a Jersey heifer has been cared for and fed as we have sug-

of rolled oats and 25 lbs. of oil cake. As the inflammation disap- pears, we recommend the addition of 100 lbs. of chopped oats to this. As stated, th~ hrifer should not be receiving her maximum quantity cf this un.i' sixty days after calv- ing. This amount to be fed would be about 21-2 lb. of the mixture to each pound of butter-fat the heifer is producing.

"Of course on". must always bear in mind that a single ration cannot be set for an entire herd. The peculiarities of individual aili- mais must be taken into consider- ation. If, however, we find the heifer is failing in “lczh, we should add about so lbs. of gluten meal to the ration, feeding about the same quantity.

“For more mature cows this ra- tion would b: considerably changed. More ingredients would be added containing a. higher percentage of protein. The two things we wish t0 watch in connection with a heifer during her first lactation arr. First. not to overdo hei- in any way e0 that her constitution will be hurt for her future life; second. the feed and care of the heifer should have a tendency to develop in her tho production of milk and butter-fat. and not that of putting on fat.

“We find breeders very often telling us that they have a heifer wjth one quarter. or One-hill! 0i the udder. somewhat weaker than ‘the balance, and ask what can be done about it. Experience teaches us that when thb is the ca:c, do- ing somic extra work 0n the W993 part will develop it. To accomplish this, the milk should be drawn 1mm the weak quarter first, then several times, while milking the rest of the udder, go back {Of l! minute Of‘ s0 and draw, or- attempt to draw, more mi‘: from the weak portion.

"How long should a heifer mill with her first calf? My MSW" would be taken from the practice of the old master breeders of the Island of Jersey: Heifers that are born in the Spring, freshen in the spring two years later. Those born in the lihlluflesherftn the Pall as tvvo-year-clds, and from then on for the balance o.‘ their lifetime. or until exported, they have them {when every twelve months. ‘fliers are exceptions to this rifle. i109!- sver, such as failure to conceive, or when the owner holds them over to have them freshen for a show. or some such definite purpose.”

AG-RI

rrrmv mm: WINNING

(Canadian Pres!) PARIS, Jan. i9—'1‘itian hair is replacing blonde looks 1n fashionb hare w.‘

v

' ed. May Nth.

prominence, already 100,000 miles long, was first observed. During the following weeks it grew in bright- ness, length, and width: by May 27th it appeared as "an enormous body of interlaced streamers which were continually shifting." Its ap- pearance at the total eclipse of the sun. on May 29th, was peculiar, and was likened to a prehistoric mammoth about 20.000 miles high and 300,000 miles long. At its south- ern end was a brilliant column rising from a claw-like base as thought it was held to the sun by roots. At the north end was s. more slender lumn. stretching down like a trunk to the sun's surface. and in between, faint streamers connected the body of the promin- ence to thQ sun

As the astronomers watched, rapid changes began to take place. The column at the north end broke away from the Sun. and the body of the prominence sped upwards. By 8 a.m. it 1nd risen to a height of 140.000 miles and by 5.30 a.m. to 200,000 miles. When last seen this enormous cloud of lied-ted or burn- ing gas, now 250,000 miles long, was being blown away into outer 508.0%- The two "stumps" of the north and south coioumns remained visible till August 5th.

1A prominence seems to be a rep- lica, on a. magnificent scale, of the flare which we sec coming from a piece of gassy coal at times.

For many years previous to 1919 the writer of this Note kept a kind of diary; noting down the daily weather, and sometimes personal or social matters. It would not have delighted the heart of a. reader of Pepys, because it was written with the bald contiseness o: a civu Ser- vice proofs-writer. nut in Novembe 1918, the narrative begins to h? enlivened with other matters. most- ly disasters all over the world Tet us turn therefore to May 1919.

On the 5th of the month the diary records a brilliant aurora "presenting the appearance of large detached luminous cumuli; passing swiftly to thq zenith, while ‘aint stnaks came from the South to meet them. This appears to be the break-up of the great magnet" disturbance of the last few days" (This magnetic storm. as we shall see, was a result of the surLpot-l Heavy min had fallen all day and the wind changed to NNW, with thunder, in the evening. Two days after (May 7th,) s terrible storm at Rio Grands. Texas. klued 21 persons and demolished hundreds of buildings. On the 9th a note rays that the planets Jupiter and Venus are nearing each other. from the 25th to the end. of the month the weather was cold and backward: the furnace in the collar was on over-y day. (The last note on the furnace was June find-another cold month.) May 27. “Jupiter and Venus in olos; conjunction." The day before (90th) s volcanicerup- tron/in Java took 19,000 lives. The day of the eclipse before-mention- vns notable here for heavy wind-J's wild storm." Ahd so it. goes on.

to Dr June's

‘rurning again book. we road that suuspots. nur- orae, and magnetic ‘ are correlated, and have the some per-

liodidmvirohveuyoarsflilltbst

we can assert is that periodic changes 0f some sort are occurring within the Sun andythat the fluc- tuation ln the numbers of 8ilIl-Sp0t5 is one manifestation of these chooses; the appearance of aur- orae and the occurrence of fenest- riai magnetic storms must be dc- Pendent upon and caused in some way by these changes in the Sun’. (P. 117.) Further on, (p. 122,) Dr Jones tells us that streams of elec- trlcaily charged particles. dis- chraged by these upheavals from the surface of the Sun. reach the earth. and move on in the direc- tion of the two magnetic pols. Hence comes the vivid displays of Aurore borealis and australis. These charged particles, ionizing tlu, up- P01‘ atmosphere. are also responsible for what we call magnetic storms. Such s. storm occurred on the morning of August 12th, 1919, and hundreds of miles of telegraph and telephone wires in the U.S.A. were out of commission till noon. In this Province on the night of the 11th, (says the diary) there was a. bright Aurora, extending from East to West up to the zenith: also "near frost" but unfortunately the thermometric reading is not given Beyond all doubt th re is some connection between this solar activ- ity and the weather, and perhaps also, certain ills which afflict humanity: of which more anon. For the lighter side of the mat- ter I am indebted to an old “cut- ting” from an English newspaper. All the astronomers flocked to Metet, in the Kamerun district of West Africa, to observe the eclipse ofiMay 29h, 1919. In the afternoon when the sun began to darken, the simple-blinded natives fan home, fastened the doors and went to bed; being sure that they would die if they remained outside. They had seen the observer for the Car- negie Instituie pointing his instru- ments at the sun and promptly came to the conclusion that he was to blame for the eclipse: they call- ed him "the man who put the sun out," but thought he might have done it at home, instead of com-