v 4

t

i i' .

l N

_ 1

1.

li _._

». 1.

, l.

ig*

‘_

i .

. 5. - 1?. l» ‘*‘. ~‘ ' If of

~~ »l in-l

. ,eyii »' 4.; ~

rl:

\ |

55,32.. Ms, _g

. 1,438 l

l l.. .y si.

it

l$ G 'I C

.31

l l

- 1 lc?

-.

'l

"i

i.

fr.

iii

.tg

.= ,_.

'$312 if

‘Ml

H..

G-.5-..

llli.

' 1

*S13-wars

j gills* ,iii il .i~, h’

:l rf.. lr all .l 1.5¢. ml' ,. if

ll "’,l".'

ii

r

,. .il

:“~,'

Fc. ee

. r 1

.fl

'vll ‘A 5;

if .W

fl

V f,._f

.pl sy; l,f.

Lil 1, ill:-.1 ill( ' l'i

.. lflii.. 1 1.

.,‘-

5.3

i.

..,»»

» and hatchability. Having satlsflod

-. 4 one A .\- .».¢.»`us»a-omsesaiaf

» Cultural and rotational practices for dry land agriculture are,fully _dealt with in a recent issue of j“8eientific Agriculture" by Dr, E, _5. I-lopkins, Dominion Field Hus- __ baudman. "One very msential <,feature of any successful rotation" ghe writes, “ls that it contains a glarge percentage of the acreage =devoted to the most profitable crops. '_'1t ls obvious that neglect to ob- gserve this requirement would very ~quickly result in financial failure. Thetype of farming which is follow- 'ed will influence the selection of the crops to be used in the rota- tion. Thus live stock or mixed "farming will require a larger lacreage of hay, pasture, corn or ittrler forage crop than will straight grain famling. The amount _of live stock will influence the amount of these forage crops which it will be n asa to row"

s»

tkperlmental Firms Note)

Asparagus will grow on a widc

variety of soils. but the warm. rich, deep. sandy loams with a clay sub- soll are preferred, as tllc.-.1 .soils are open and porous, permitting the development of an extensive root system.

Asparagus is a permanent crop.

therefore it is advisable to give special attention to the preparation of the soil. Summer-fellowing the land for one season and applylna well-rotted manure in the fall is advised. it is important that land to be used for asparagus be free from weeds and grasses.

In prairie areas where winter

frosts are severe, spring planting has given more satisfactory results than fall planting. Plants one year old have produced larger shoots and have produced crops for a longer period than have older ones.

Plant asearl in the spring as the

ece xy _g _ However, lt would seem, wise, .sou Wm penmf. the plants bemg

explains Dr. Hopkins, before de- ciding upon the type of farming to follow, to determnie what yields of the various crops might norm- ally be expected in the various parts of the prairie. The Domin- ion Experimental Farms have con- ducted experiments on crop rota- tions over a fairly long period of years and a study of the yields se- cured from different types of crops on the various farms may be of some interest. The yield data avail- able for crops grown in Western Canada are not absolutely compar- able among the various farms be- cause the comparisons are not for the same period of years. Even where this is the case. the com-V Iparisons may not be absolutely fair inasmuch as during the last four years, for example, some regions such as Southern Saskatchewan and Southern Manitoba. have had severe crop failures, while the northern crop districts have eni0Y- ed average or even above average yields. Only a very long average would overcome these weaknesses. Notwithstanding any imperfections. a study of these yields throw some light on the reason why some crops are preferred over others.

.Detailed information is given in

the article on wheat yields on

curn.mer-fallow and stubble lang; frequency of summer-fallowing rotations, relative yields oi hay crops at diffment Dominion Ex- perimental Stations. Telaflw Ylelfl-'» el corn at different stations, cul- tural methods-summer-fallow treat mont, summer-fallow substitutes, dad stubble treatment. All this in- formation gained at the various Dominion Experimental Farms and stations is thus at the disposal of "ery farmer.

____.___._-_--

JNCU IDN

‘ (Experimental Farms Note)

A fl-ent many of the difficulties

fffnfherent in artificial incubation ‘.. have been overcome to a large ex- tent in recent years thro\l€l1 lm' aproven-rent in théeafnlncubgagirr. ‘$32 f", nl re ncu rs

glhislth :re well _intsaililgiwd alllgyhiggd __ capable of main 118 V ' latent tempcrctluss but equipment $101' humidlfication has also been iimpcroved to thc extent that lick for moisture in the air. with con- ls sequent too heavy evaporation from '.2 the egg, is rare`y the cas/:_ In gen- fferal, hatches have improved as 8. fciresult of these developments, i Tug improvement in equipment. ohowfver, does not excuse hahllfll' ilu-d methods ln incubation and will s.~ii.n no measure make up for faults ‘°-in'the raw material of incubation.

Etna egg. It ill: an axloien tlliggntflls qbreeding stoc must _ » 1% healthy and well nourished in or- ; ser- that good batcbabulty can be #obtained and no amount Of C8l‘6 °° in the handling of incubatcrs will overcome the handicap which P001' 'breeding stock places upon fertility

i 3 -I

x¢~`>1.

gc this essential the first step in incu- igf bation is the selection 01. sllllkble eggs. since egg sus um esnnusuv inherited characteristic and real

prog;-css in improvement ln egg si” ‘_ be made by selection it is ob- ' that only H888 07 8005 5|”

besetiftheflockistobe

as one cifpsble of Pro* of satisfactory Slm- have been cracked cvcll

have practically no chance

and may ‘Zh WW

out by candllna. Em “WB pour- shell.; or with definite checks as seen under the condllng llsht

usually evaporate their mois-

owe

too rapidly and hence ll" satisfaction in haichinl Mis-

to bo D°°1` PGY' strlloturo. “ld

be avoided

of the and

spaced 1 1-2 to 3 feet apart in the row. The crowns may be covered 6 to '1 inches deep in light soils and 4 to 5 inches deep :ln heavy soils. care being taken to spread the roots out in their natural position. Asparagus is set deeply because the crowns gradually grow upward as the plants grow older, also it allows

No shoots are cut until the third season. when onlythestronger ones are used. Cutting may begin in earnest the fourth season. with proper care, Mpc-ragus will produce satisfactorily for many years. At the Dominion Experimental Station, Scott, Sask., the varieties Colossal and Argenteull have been grown successfully _in the same plantation for over i5 years.

Late in the fall of each year the

top dressing may be cut off and manure applied. This is worked into the soil every spring. The des- truction of tops ls advised for the purpose of helping to control diseases and insects.

Lawn Making Advice

Contrary to general belief, al- most anyone can have a beautiful, velvety green lawn. To be sure, certain fundamental principles must be followed, but they are few and very simple to grasp. If your lawn making efforts have not been crown- ed with success, try again this spring. If you ,follow_the sugges- tions below carefully you will al- ways have the kind of lawn you‘ve always wanted:

SOIL: A sandy loam is ideal for

c lawn but not a necessity. It is well, however. to approximate this type of soil, which can be done by

rkln in a little sand with soils

PRlEPARA'I'I0'N OF SEED BED:

Spade the area which is to be made into a lawn to the depth of six inches, provided this is not deeper than the top soil covering the area. After spading work the soil with hoe and rake until it is finely pul-

verlred.

APPLYTNG PLANT FOOD: Ap-

ply four pounds of complete. plant

SEED: As in most things. cheep

seed is false economy. Buy good seed suitable for your location. Consult your local seedsman. Re- member that shady areas in your

tolerant grasses.

SEEDING: Apply the seed even-

ly.1f you seed by band. apply hcl! of the seed lengthwise and the other half crcsswise. After seeding. ron the area or camp it with B wide board to assure good contact of the seed with the soil.

WATER.1IN'G: Immediately after

collins. water the lawn thoroughly. ‘using a very .fine spray. Water daily thereafter until the seeds germin- ate. After the seeds germinate. water thoroughly once or twice weekly, as needed. `

CLIPPING: Do not let the new

lawn 'grow higher than thrlle' inches.

one-half inches. Remove the ollv pings from the lawn.

ter hatches should result.

It is generally nccepted thu; me

home is the ilnst and best place to practise charity so the home should be the first centre of beauty and no better start can be made in this direction than by heautifying the homo Kwlwds. For those who- have a desire to make their home sur- roundings a. joy to themselves and all who see them the booklet “Beautifying the Home Grounds of Canada" will prove a helpful and encouraging document. A limited number of this publication is avail- able from the Canadian Horticul- tcial Council, il4 Victoria Street, Ottawa, for the nominal price of 26 cents. It has chapters on land- scape architecture. how to make the lawn. the flower garden, furni- ture, pools; rock gardens; the kind of shrubs, plants, trees that can be grown in the different parts of the Dominion. with plans and illustra- tions. The time of the year is rap- . idly approaching when the noblest of pursuits-gardening. will be in full swing,

Tree Shelterbelts

Need Attention

manure to be worked into the soil _ -_ v without injury to the crowns., The main object of a shelterbelt

of trees is to afford protection against wind. Therefore the closer the trees are together and the denser the growth, especially at the bottom, the more effective are the belts.

To secure this condition states D.

J. Crossley of the Dominion For- est Nursery Station, Indian Head, saskatchewan, it is advisable to plant the trees close together and refrain from pruning of the lower branches. especially in the early stages of development. Belts should not consist of more than 5 or 6 rows spaced 4 feet apart or three rows.lf spaced 8 feet al>BYt~ If 9 feet is left between the rows cer- tainly the spacing in the rows should not exceed 4 feet. A close dense .growing variety. such as car- ugmg, should be used for the out- side row in order tc keep the belt closed from the desiccatihg effects of wind and sun.

Continuing from the time of es-

tablishment the most important feature is to keep the edges of the belt, to a width of at least 16 feet. in a continued state of cultivation. This means that fences should not be placed closer than 17 to 18 feet to the frees at the time of Dlantlnl-

As the shelterbelts grow older

they require periodic attention to keep them in a healthy state of de- velopment. The tendency his l°°°“ to leave the belts to more or lev- take care of themselves once they have become steblished. Consc-

rass works in among the

W0 8 quently g ' which consist principally of c1ay,,trees along the edge of the belts, or working in a little clay with soils robbing them of much needed mois- ithat are very sandy.

ture: the amount of dead wood in- crases due to disease, insect injury- winter kililha. etc.. and E€l`l€l'f*l.lY speaking the belts become more or lcfs unsightly. Attention shou.d be given in the form oi l>¢l”l0¢ll° thinnings and marginal cultivation. In the natural forest. thinninB 15

going on all the time. It is the sur- vival of the flttsst and if this did not take place the trees would

5006 Del' °n° l'l\l¥ldl‘¢\‘l Square l9¢l' soon become so dense that it would evenly over the area and work it be impossible for them to survive. lightly into the top couple of in- A5 each individual tree 8l'°W5 ll' ches of soil. This is important for requires more room for the devel- few sous contain, in an available opment of us crown. more soil form, the many food elerllchl-S'€l't\-SS nutrients, light and moisture. As plants need for healthy growth. mere 15 only 9, limited _supply o.

mas.; factors of growth some of the trees must fall by the wayside 5° that the heplthier specimens can go on. This natural weeding-out vw' cess cannot take place so readily in

uw.. must be seeded with shade-~;7`. ,nmcuily emblubce belt. be-

cause. unlike a forest. it is compos- ed of trees all of the same M0. each wub tba same opportunity l°f survival. Thus weof-‘lll1!'0Ul d°°5 n°l' Arm, until much later in life. This difficulty can be easily °‘/°l'°°“‘° win. c little bclp from mw-

th tree have been UMW'

After e s ing from is to la yew an l“Sl>°‘='

ct that some

tion will reveal the fa an doing much better than oi.Yl¢l'l~ The pcm- growth among certain ,mes mm be attributed to various muses, suc as disease. ¥1l¢¢llHlll°ll injury or inherent slow ilrl‘0Wlh- and these causes should be remov-

Cd. .

Never cut it shorter than one and _

New Dom. Chemist

Itisbeatwimkeyorulawnas "

early in spring as Wlllble. for then' IS Qruahhed- nbc grass has an opportunity' 1° ---- become established before the hot. Clifford H. Robinson. Central

trying months of summer. gg-perlmentaeodratignihéottalriaén hz; ”' -‘°"'="'_'--°~` been promo pcs this is done gently and oft/en, bet- Dominion Chemist, Dominion Ex-

perimental Farms, Dominion De-

. One further point should be par- partment of Agriculture. in succes- ticularly noted, namely, that alien ‘mn up Dr. Frank T. Bhul'-t. Wl1° talking off the hatch any chlokl retired in 1033. Since that time wblcb are lm in batehinr or wlllvh ur. rroblnson bu been Acting do not appear to be erltllvly Yls- Dominion Ohemlst until his recent orous should not be raised. ls ox- appointment. He is well Quillmd pcrlcncc bu inducted that such for me important vosltlon °f chicks rarely devyelop normally and Dominion chemist both by virlilo uauail die off at some time dur- of educational qualifications and ing the rearing period or at the experience. He was bom in Lamb-

l M but mera uutnrutr will'-H and wa county, ontario. att/H\d¢d thi'

IU

poor producers. primary and ueondlry.'°h°°l| °l'

obatham. and matriculated into th* University of Toronto from Dutton High School in 1908 affll' winninl the slr wuusrn Muloek ubolu- ahip in mathematics and science. rn lnoo be graduated with and _clara honors with the doll” 0| aa. nc not pmt rndvltv vm in organic chemistry and in 1911 was appointed to the stall- of thi

inion Chemist. from ilid un-

mm he was Chief Asriehnt to Dr. lhutt and in that period he

yu cipl'Dyli1¢lll1‘l00ffU3‘ tnvatmgfansanurespensibfe for tliemettrodafordeuctlenandes- ,t tlmefadulhrantl in food. `_ alsoeevlidfoiniuiuand not

specification for inks used tn the

is to be obtained by watclxlng and reading Nature. This requires pl- tient study, and unless you are keenly enthusiastic, you would proba.bly,uct know where tb start. Once you get your garden going, you will begin to know instinctive- ly the things to look tor. You will want to try experiments for your- self, aud gardening will become the absorbing interest for you that it is for so many. The main thing is to get started.

Thegarden all ready. soil nicely

refined and levelled, what shall we put in?

Bear in mind that all flowers do

not flourish on any one particular soil, so the way to succeed with your flowers is to grow those which are suited to your soil. and what succeeds in other gardens in your locality is a good guide in making a selection. When you get to know more about gardonins. YOu will know how to adapt your soil to the flowers you wish to grow. but at first it ls easiest to grow the flow- ers you know will like` your soil. Most flowers can accommodate themselves to a medium loam soil, such as is to be found in most gar- dens-neither too clayey_ nor too light.

You cannot do better than start

ot with |. few of the old favourite perennials-perennials being flow- ers that are completely hardy and can stand a severe winter. With the nrst breath of spring you will l'lnd them shooting up year after year, and eaeh year there will be more of them. They can be grown from seed if desired, but with perennials it is not noesary to nurse the seedlings as lt is with annuals and half~hardy plants.

If you have friends with a gar-

den most of them will gladly div- ide the roots of any perennials they may have. as the thinning out pro- cess improves them. If left to grow too thick, the blossoms tend tc de- teriorate. `

. Tall Subieets

Take t-he tall ones first that you

will plant at the back of the bor- der. Delphiniums-the king of the summer border-are easy enough to grow. and .can be procured in all shades of blue, from dark vio- let to Cambridge. If given plenty of space they grow strongly. They prefer a sunny position. The Jap- anese sunflower, with its delightful yellow blooms and black stems, is an acquisition to any garden. Its blooms lasis from June until Sep- tember. Helenium-the dark bronze flower, with tum-down pestals, or its blooming yellow variety-is an- other proiuse -bloomer. Everybody finds room for the Mlchaelmas daisy, which can be had in all shades of mauve. .

Anchus Dropmore, with its vivid

blue Candelabra of flowers, like giant forms oi forget-me-not, will grace any garden. The Magenta Agrostemma makes a. good neigh- bour.

In front of these giants come the

Phlox and Sweet William. Campan-

`ulae-tllose dainty blue and white

bells-if planted now will give you a fine show of blossoms in May, June, and July. Columbine, the deli- cate “Granny‘s Mutches" as . they call them in the North are not far behind. Get the long-spurred var- iety and you will never regret lt. They prefer a moist spot in the border.

Lupin and Larkspur add more

blue to the border, and so does the ordinary _"flag" Iris. A more dainty member of the same family

is the Spanish Iris. wmh blooms in early summer. Plan next to a clump of Oriental poppy, it ls»a thing of beauty, the dark purple blossoms being a perfect foil to the flaming orange of the P°DPY~

Sowing Beans

The seeds may be sown in drills.

about three inches deep in heavy soils. but slightly deeper in light soils. It is preferable to sow them ln broad. flat-bottomed drills, in two parcllel rows about five inches apart. They should be eight or nine inches apart in each row, and al- ternating with. not opposite to, each other in the rows. The seeds

I . -_ ' '.,~ , ".-'-'.~» < ‘~`.,`f~‘--:" ~ , ._ __ .1-'.=.-~.<`,'-f~ -'; ' =' ._. Ill" ~‘ .‘ sri. _,,¢ _-_ _,..»-. .. »» .» 5. . ..._ ~.i.' .,. __. _ ,-4- ..._.,., .__,-,if ___,, ._;_,` _-_V5-.».,._.-3 .. ._, ._ . I, _._ __.__._ ,`,__,__ ,_ __ . ...cw ._l,. . _ .,_,;_’_ _vv_J_$,,_,_ _

- 1 , ~ . . _ -1 i » ~ ~- ..~- ~. '.=~ ». -~ t ...‘ ,

_ Beautiful The best knowledge of ardcllltll If you do not know MOM-

bretia and are still looking for o1ange'flowers for cuttings. get a clump. it will soon spread and give a wonderful profusion of flowers in late summer.

The time will come when, thb

gardens possibilities having been tested, the occupier will not be content with mere splits from neighbours' plants, which in the course of time lucy have deterior- ated. It is then that the nursery- men come to be regarded as the gardeners provider. They raise only plants of merit, .and knowing their requirements can offer inval- uable advice ln making a selection. A nurseryman. of course, may give such advice at the very start, and will pmbably judge the soil's pos- sibilities from the outset, but where the amateur wishes to find his way to success, the final arrangement of the borders should not be at- tempted in the iifst season. or, indeed until lt has been possible to give thoroush winter cultivation and manuring. .

- Bright Annuals

For annuals, the seeds of which must be sown every spring, you have an immense choice. Always buy good seeds. It pays in the long run. A packet of Shirley poppy seeds broadcast ln odd corners of the garden will make a bright patch of bloom in July, and you will Bild it dimcult in the years to como to eradicate the self-sown seeds even if you want to!

`1lbr house decoration no flower can surpass the sweet pea. It is a little more trouble than the aver- age annual, but all gardeners are agreed it is well worth lt. Seeds can either be sown now under cover -in a cold frame or in a green- house-or a few weeks later out of doors. The place where you intend to plant them should be well trenched and manured. That is- dig down very deeply. throwing up the earth into a heap. spread a layer of manure, and illl in; repeat the process three or four times. Get your pea sticks ready, although you need not- place them until the plants begin to throw out their runners. When you do place them, see that they are well driven home, as they will have a lot of weight to bear when the sweet peas grow. They easily attain a height of 8 feet 6 inches. Some folks prefer them in rows; others in clumps. Some like to cultivate the different colours in different groups; others mixed colours. when the flower- ing season comes round you will need carefully to pick off the fad- ing flowers each day to ensure con- tinuous blooming.

Canterbury bells, scarlet flax.

antirrhinums, nasturtiums; corn- flowers; marigolds-doaen spring to mind and eye when thinking of a garden. The only danger is trying to grow too many. It is fatal for flowers to be overcrowded. To look and grow their best they musl; have plenty of light and air. If you put a plant too near the fence, you will find it straining forward togreef, the sun. ~‘i`ome flowers gradually turn their heads and face the sun as it fulfils its ol-bit.

There need be no anxiety to start

yet with vegetables, unless onions are to be raised under glass.

Package Bees and ` ' Their Care

Thousands of packages of bees

will soon be coming into Canada from the Southern States and they will be expected to build up into good honey-producing colonies by the time the main honey flow from clover is ready to be harvested. To do so, however, says the Dominion Apiarist, the bees will require spe- olai care from the time they arrive until they ars well established in their new location. Bee-keepers who are expecting package bees this spring should get in touch with their nearest express agent or customs officer and arrange for immediate delivery of the bees when they arrive.

As soon as the packages are

received, they should be put in a

should then be covered with soil,- which should be slightly consoli- dated with the foot. and the surface finished with the ra/ke. The fertili- sers may be applied as a top-dreu- ing at the same time. It is a good plan to sow a few seeds at the end of each drill in order tc have plants available in the event of any of those in the drills falling to germ- inate. The distance bstween the rows may bo two to three feet, but as other vegetables may be grown between tha rows, which should nm as nearly north and south as possible, this distance may ba doubled or trebled according to re- cuirements.

meat supplies. and also thole usd by the Port Omoo Dwarf-ment for the cancellation of stamps.

Under his direction as Acting

Dominion chemist. sell survey vmk of fruit grevrin districts in Nova Scotia was umlertalcn including intensive studies of orchard letls under various cultural treatments: animal nutidtim rcaiarch was ex- tend fo include vitamin research in live stock food supplements and a lurvey of starch _content of po- tatoes grown in Maritime Provin- cd. annotated with digestibility

various potato products. in order to take care of

RMIUNA

3% °‘ a. “cr umm nnaaltu-in me tb. Msoouta committee of mtloasi lweucb coancli eiijcraln Rl-

3. .E

if

l;§§ iii;

“mega zaeunaae comme

cool, ghady place and the screen- ing of the packages sprinkled with cold water or a very thin solution of sugar and water. This will quieten the bees after their lcng~jcul-ney. During the law afternoon or early evening. the bees should be released from the packages into the hives. Every ehipmentcfpackage bees is ac- companied with full instructions for releasing the bees. These in- structions abould be followed care- fully. Dee-keeper; who have combs of honey saved from the previous

's D are fortunatn. in. that

y be released on them eding eliminated. If

only foundation. are the bees will have to ch time as they ara sufficient food from

installed. the! bed for at an to remove and replace nation, and tc released from

releand

.-is _ 5*-“sig” ,,_° .l§;§§§§§l§§;§§§§§iiiillll ii 4s _ E5E¥e§§§ “=“°

Eéaisiggéfiig E 5

lglfgfrfsgs.

“T

5.

Suggest Pantotherio

Acid For Plant ,

Growth

-_-_...__

An obscure substance known as llwtotbenic acid may be a univer- sal growth elixir. ` Preliminary .experiments in

which the weights of alfalfa plants were nearly doubled by ,placing minute quantities of this acid in the nutrient solution in which they WN 8r0Wrl are rcpofted in the pro- ceeding of the National Academy of Sciences by Charles McBurney, Walter Bollen and Roger Williams of the staff of Oregon state College. This acid, they explain, ap- parently is a constituent of nearly all living tissue. plant or animal. Not only is it a growth stimulant but it plays a part in the fixation of nitrogen in the soil where it be- comes available for plant life.

Nitrogen is taken from the air

and fixed in the earth through the cooperation of the legumlnoua plants, such as alfalfa and clover. and certain soil bacteria. The later form riodlce on the roots of the plants and at some stage of this process the nitrogen fixation oc- curs. So far as known the bacteria will not fix the nitrogen in the absence of thc plants, nor vice versa. The presence of the bacteria is necessary for the healthy growth of the plant. _ `

The Oregon scientists found first

that the bacteria produce his pan- tothenic acid. The amount produc- ed increases steadily as the bac- teria colony grows.

Progeny Test In

Poultry Breeding

The progeny test. as carried out

at the Dominion Experimental Farms, is mentioned in the progress report just issued by the Division of Poultry Husbandry. Among a group of full-sister pullets some may be very good layers and others

_very poor, explains the report. The

same is true of the transmitting ability of full brothers. Mines can- not be judged, however, with any degree of certainty, except by test- ing them through their daughters' production. This is known as the progeny test. and all males used for breeding on the Dominion Ex- perimental Farms are subjected to this test. Thus the cockerel* used for breeding are kept until tile fol- lowing breeding season and rated, on their progeny according to: (1) fertility and hatchability; (2) range and adult mortality; (3) egg pro- duction up to January or February: (0 egg weight. ' Males that give poor fertility

and hatchability are not used a second year. such males are cull- ed after the rlrst breeding season. The range and adult mortality of different :mics may run from 10 to 50 per cent., or more. Males whose progeny have a ‘high death rate are not used s second year. neither are their sons, even if the pro- duction of the surviving daughters is very high. The miles chosen for second-

year breeding work. together with their sons, are those whose daugh- ters oome into production at from six or seven months of age, lay at a good and uniform winter rate, and have low mortality. and egg weights that average around stand- ard eine by January or february.

The Art of Making

Maple Products

*-1.

A proper supply of fuel is a mat-

ter of the»utmost importance in maple sugar making. A quick flash- lhk blaze is neoemary to rapid boil- ingpand this can be obtained only with dry fuel. Wood _le used almost universally. but in some cases coal is utilised to help outl Maple sugar makers near saw inills find that slabs are very satisfactory. What- ever wood is used, advises the pam- phlet "Prooeasos for Making Maple Product” just issued by the Public- ity and Extension Branch, Domin- ion; Department of Agriculture. it should bc out the previous winter. piled out of doors to dry well dur- ing the summer. and stored in the wood shed adjoining. the sugar house below the autumn nina com- mence. Split hard wood and small brush go well together, the latter keeping the blale bright and live- ly. The amount of fuel Nouind depends upon its kind and dryness. ‘len cords of mixed hard and soft wood for 1,000 trees. or 85 cords for 4.000 trees are recommended by OX- porienced mailers. _ __

In boiling amp. more especially

as lt approaches the finishing point. ‘thc liquid has a great tendency to rluandfmtbinthe pan.and.if not watched very carefully. at timal it flows over the side. All maple sugar makers an familiar with this characteristic and with a means of combating it. rn the dl!! of the ole iran I mich: gugpand pork a inebll a al boillhl lever. wb fm-as Ws°h~ ed the fat immediately subsided. Even yet, this time-honound eus-

followed. and when the port no minus objection 'can

it. Unfofhnletely. bow- ple sugar makers ah ieuiar as they might be

uaiity of the all or at

A, 0 ng !:§ .llliliglic . §sis§l.f:° is -stu ' is? gig* 'ga'-.= 5 ‘fist Elf: tliliéilgli i§é§5'..$:¢`.§"

i'§"'§»§'" 1|

. _ . t `. '-in .. .~.~.~..~. .

.~ _ -' -.‘;.< yi", -:._<.,-; . _ 5 ~!:\'ll4'"'~u=< .. ,', " - ’" '~

.__,,. ,__ . V, Q , _. A .

MARCH 21 1936

r,» y 4 _ rut UADIAN ~ . .. » _ f ~ __

Artificial Brooding of Chicks

` (Experimental Farms Netoi' In the artificial brooding of chicks. there are a number of sys- tems in successful use, such as the hot water pipe sysi_».em,g the fu;-ug `draft hot air system. the battery system and the colony house plan. Of these. under general Canadian conditions for the comparatively small grower, the latter gygtum my proven the most satisfactory. mn- a source of heat, the coal burning brooder suave is by long odds the .m0St D090-lB<\'. although for brood- ing in the late spring and summer oil and electricity has many ad- vantages. ‘

The brooder stove is best used in

a portable colony house which may be moved from time to time throughout the season to gssu;-e the Chicks hlvlrls fresh. uncontamin- ated sfound over which tc range. Don't overcrowd. -A lo x 13 mugs will aocomodam 200 to 30] chick; nicely at the start. Be sure to supply sufficient heat at all times to ensure the comfort cf the' unlckg, They should be kept as may be for oomfort but should always have a source of heat where they my go to rest in a. temperature of about 100 degrees.

No theremometer is as good an llldlcetol' m the chicks themselves. Their actions will tell at once whether they are comfortable or not. When the chicks rest content- edly in a. circle just outside the Canopy of the stove. you may know that the temperature is right. If they are not warm enough they will quickly tell you by their dis- oontented chirping and thou- crowdlng to the source of heat. If' too hot they will get as far from the stove as possible or gc around with their beaks open panting for breath.

It is better to err on the side of

loo much heat rather ,than too little particularly in the ‘early sea- 50h.

Wh°!\ tho chicks are first put in the broader. use a fine mesh guard to circle the hover a couple of feet from the edge. When they become used to the a0urce of heat. the circle is enlarged and finally removed giving them t.hc run of the entire house. Ventilate freely but avoid drsllshts- For further information write to the Department of Agri- culture or to your nearest Experi- mental Farm for, Circular No. 'I6 "The Brooding and Rearing of Chicks."

Canadian Poultry In U.K. and the U.S.A.

.Canadian dressed chickens are obilreciated ln thc United King- dom and time is a potential mar- ket in the United statas;for‘0an- adian live fowl. with i-`ekr`en'o's to" thc latter, an interesting observa- tion was made by R. E. Brining, manager. export poultry depart- ment cf a well known Chicago packing company. at the recent

Committee on Market Poultry. "While the United States presents a very broad market for poultry,” said Mr. Drilling. “lt _should be real- ized it is an agricultural country as well as Canada. There were very adequate supplies of practically all classes of poultry, chickens, turkeys, ducks and geese. However. Canada was very fortunate in being able to take advantage of the market at different times of the year. Can- ada's heavy producing section is Ontario which is very close to some large American markets like Buf- falo Detroit, Rochester. and Boston. These cities are all big consuming markets of the United States, and the heavy poultry broduclnl 00°- tion of Canada has a big advan- tage iq transportation over the United States where the heavy produeing’section in the central weatem country was 800 to 1.800 miles away from the large consum- ing centres." _,

There was also a large outlet.

continued Mr. mining. in the 'United States for live fowl produc- ed in Ontario. There was no quas- tion in his mind, he said, but that Canada could tsifs odvantailo of the American market at different times of the year so far as live fowl was concerned. There were ertain seasons of the year when advantage could be taken of the market in dressed poultry. but he thought the biggest possibility for Canada in-the United Btaies was the live fowl market which would greatly improve the value of fowl in Canada.

Make High Quality Fertilizer in Canada

llertilisen are manufactured in

Canada on a much larger scale than

is generally known. Bulp\i;te of a_mmools.~ .axaamiummup chlitl superplleapha , cyana , organ at and mixed fernlllra are an ‘made

of the Dominion

greater than lrxxgleet-ive domestic

requirements for some As the

of manufacture In in

uniting in nigh quality luc-

.gil . P* sf i§,. y

2%*

-3 is i.

r

, ~\ .

.._.

_ J, '_.

\

, .. /pl _

. _ I _

meeting in 0ttaws»of the Associate

Barley a Leader

As Livestock' Feed

Barley is the greatest cereal crop

in Canada from the standpoint of producing livestock feed unit; pe, acre. writes H. R. Hare in th; ECODDUHC Alllllllsit, the bl-mumh. ly publication issued by the Agn. cultural Economics Branch, Dum. lnion Department of Agricultural A study of the long-time-uferagc yield oi' this crop, computed on a total digestible-n trient basis 'reveals that no otiller crop in my province 'of Canada. attains to the high standard set by this cerml Thi!-S. ¢0lllPBl‘cd with wheat, 0,115 and rye as a producer of iced null.. barley excels its nearest coulpomu, by more than 10 pci' cent in fum provinces and in some provinces surpasses oats and rye as rr lead producer by ~'i0'per cent or more,

In the three prairie provlnccs where in most years two-thirds of more of Canada’s barley crop 15 produced and where the live stock feeding enterprise is steadily be. coming more important, the few- ing value of barley is of pnrllmuar significance. If feed value, however, were the only factor which influ- ences the acreage seeded to barley ln 0811568. no doubt the acreage in

sucxrceeding years would tend to inc ease more rapidly than it has done. One of the countcr-balanc- ing factors influencing farmers in Dllmlllllg l»l'l€1i' acreage to be scfd- ed in barley is the cash return per acre. For the harvest years, 1930 to 1934, the aveagc ecrml yields of the prairie provinces multiplied by the average farm prices, show that wheat has ex- ceeded other cereals ln providing cash returns per acre. Whom, ins had an advantage in providing cash returns per acre greater tlmn barley’s lead over- wheat ix. pro- ducing livestock feed value. The superiority which barley possess; over other cereals in producing additional livestock feed value per acre should make an appeal to the cereal producer who is growing Irfeals for feed Purposes on bu own farm, but will have little attraction to the farmer producing the cereal as a cash crop. .'Durlng the past few years, bog numbers on farms in some pro- vinces have been dropping, but present indications point to ln- creascd interest in hog feeding, Thisnctivity will tend to change the attitude of cereal producers but one other factor which may have some influence in barlcv ECN!-80`Will be the debt situation in theprairie provinces. Though debt ldlllbtlnbht ltglllltfloll, de‘si'tu- ed to provide* relief lnthis cm-._ D¢¢tl0ll. has been _successful 1:1 some measure, there no doubt ir ;‘ still be s tendency to direct ry- tention to those farm entripn f from which early cash return. nw- b° ¢Xl>°¢t¢d- These are fnc'.<~: which will influence future bnl~lc\~ acreage. Undoubtedly it is to the economic advantage of Caxluriu that bll`lUY be produced to relieve the pressure of wheat on grain markets and that it may be fed if live stock.