I NOVEMBER 4. 1950

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,3:-x.v.-V This Province will be well rep- resented at the Amherst Winter Fair in all departments including foxes and mink. George A. Call- beck. Ernest Mill and rfoy Wood- gide will be the principal exhibit- ing of foxes. All three are breeders of outstanding animals and we will be surprised if they did not. score heavily in the fox department.

The Prize List for the 20th Live Fox Show and 3rd Live Mink Show to be held at Charlottetown Nov- ember Nth to 17th has been issued by the Prince Edward Island Fur Breeders Association. It is attract- lV('iy gotten up and printed and reflects credit on the Secretary, Walter R. Shaw of the Department of Agriculture. There are a few changes in it from previous Vega”. for instance in class 1 for medium silvers. to be eligible for entry in this class foxes must shown up to 50:; silver. Light medium silvers must show from 6195 to 740;, silver. light silvers not less than 757.; and not over 8979 silver. Class 4, extra light silver heavily veiled, to be eligible to this class foxes must show from 9079 to 10072 silver.

it will be noticed that the dark- er types of foxes have been recog- nized to some extent in the class- ification of mediums and light mcdiums. This is due to the Euro- pean demand for all types of fox. Otherwise thc prize list is practic- ally the same as former years. Standard white marked silvers which comprised several classes a few years ago'has now only class 6 - extra light. We notice. how- ever. that there is a strengthening in the prices for white niarked'sil- vcrs and it is possible l.liat they may have a comeback. If so it will find us very ill prepared as pract- ically all ranches have cut down almost to the extinguishing point on this type of fox.

The New York Auction Camp'- any. 226 West 28th St.. New York, N.Y.. has issued a circular to all ranchers and breeders of mink in- viting consignments. Here are the top prices obtained by them this season - Standard S55: Starlignt S4150; Kobuk 372.; Silverblu 546.; Bicath of Spring silver :80; Royab Pastel 579.; Aleutiana 389. They end with: "Confidence is never carnrd for keeps - it must be re- carried every season." Their sales dates for mink in 1950 are, Dec. 5. Doc. 13, Dec. 18-19-20. Dec. 22. For 1951 mink. silver fox, etc.. January 4th.: mink and mutations, January 15, Mink and silver fox January 29th also February 8th.. and con- iiniiing dates are given up to Dec- ember 2lst.

Holding to the opinion that the time is ripe to promote fox furs as I fashion item, fox breeders from all of the important fox breeders States last week formed t.he Amer- ican Fox Breeders Association. at I meeting in Milwaukee. At the iame time, they adopted the trade name AMFOX, a name proposed by Harry LeDue. editor of Ameri-t :an Fur Breeder, Duluth. Min. "to advertise and promote quality ranch foxes raised by American fox breeders." The meeting. at which Edward P. Langenfeld, of.

Associated Fur Farms, New H01-. stein. Wls.. presided as temporary; chairman. was the result of two. session at expressed a

previous organization which fox breeders

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desire for formation of'a national breeders' association to promote the breeding of foxes and the fash- ionable acceptance of fox furs.

Articles of incorporation and by- -laws were read and adopted and plans for the appointment of a pelt marketing committee and for pro- lmotlng and advertising fox furs ,wcre discussed. David Henderson, of Salt Lake City, acted as secre- tary at the gathering. Much of the meeting was devoted to the prob- lem of marketing. and it was voted -to limit the sale of fox furs from 1 member farms to five auction cum- panics: New York Auction Cri. lnc., and Lampson, Fraser & Huth, lnc., New York; New York Auction Co. (Minnesota), lnc., Minneapolis; .Seattie Fur Exchange. Seattle; and 'American National Co-operative lFur Auction, Milwaukee. Eldon I Platt, of Indiana, was named chair- man of the marketing committee. l The following breeders were named to serve on a temporary executive committee: Edward P. Langenfeld (Wisconsin). chairman; 1David Henderson (Utah), secre- tary; Eldon Platt (lndiana): Otto Groose (Illinois); Edward Fromm (Wisconsin); Brager Larsen (Mich- ligan); Alma Erekson (Utah); Roy

Harmon (Virginia); A. J. Werth (Wisconsin); Ronald Stephenson (Wisconsin); Tom Tiley (Michi-

gan); Adolph Langenfeld (Wiscon- sin); Bert Avery (Colorado); Jos- eph Francis (Utah); Paul Rein- hardt (Wisconsin); Harley Wittig (Wisconsin); William Whittingham (Wisconsin); M.J. Woltcrs (Michi- gan).

Women's Wear Daily has a half page devoted to silver fox. This is part of the write up . . . Of course capes and cape stoles are making the fur business this year, says a New York fur buyer and his state- ment speaks for other buyers in New York and across the country. Everywhere the little pieces and short pieces. the capes and stolcs are accounting for biggest busin- css in fur departments. The return of fox is making style news lll these small furs. store who reports no calls at all for

fox last year says that this year.

customers are asking for and buy- ling fox stoles and boas. Another retailer points to excellent activity on silver and platinum fox in boas (and catch boleros. Customers are beginning to ask i'or these in great- er numbers and the demand is ex- pected to accelerate. Fox is a sleep- er in the fur departmait now, is ithe word along Fifth Avenue. ' A special sale of a fresh collec- tion of about 10,000 silver and mu- tation fox was held by the New York Auction Company in New York yesterday. Included in the offering was 5,000 standard silvers for me account of Herbert A. Nie- man & Co. We will -be eagerly looking forward to see how this sale goes.

A despatch from Basic. Switzer- land, states . . . . Added interest in wlnte fox and silver fox and a greater number of three-quarter length coats with emphasis on Am- erican styling are the highlights of the fur collection shown at the Three Kings Hotel here.

There is increased interest also in stolen at all kinds in this Swiss city. which has conservative tastes. Fox stars in the stale collection. There is a half page of illustra- tions of new types of atoles for making up silver fox in the Octo- ber 26i.h issue of Women's Wear Daily. The giant pillow muff is shown in white, Norwegian or sil- ver fox in addition to black, by various fur houses. also fox stoles, eaton bolero: and cape stolg.

Housing of Pullets

OTTAWA. October, 1960 -- Pul- lefs raised now-a-days have the inherited capacity to lay large numbers of eggs. They will develop into profitable producers if fed and msnaged properly. Observance of good management practices at the time of housing will do much to ensure high production throughout. the laying year.

First to be considered is the mat- mr of cleaning and disinfecting the laying house. This is I. must in gcoa poultry usbandzy. Cleaning and disinfecting involves the re- movial of all litter. inciuains that which is caked on the floor. 1'006ts. masts and dropping boards. A very useful tool for cleaning its the gar- den hoe. After all the litter L1 re- moved the interior of the 1101140 and all equipment should be that- oughly scrubbed. one vound of W0 in forty gallon: of water makes a uuafaobory solution for scrubbing. Mter cleaning with title solution mg houu should be rinsed with clean water before it is whitewash-

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PAGE ELEVEN

Producing Quality Market Eggs

OTTAWA. October, I950 - The important factors which influence egg quality are breeding, feeding and ma. .t

Most market egg producers buy their laying stock from commercial hatcheries. As the owners of sun-

iply flocks for comnierclal hatch- eries fobw a breeding program ap- proved by the Dominlon or Provin- clal Government the purchaser is assured of being able to obtain laying stock which will lay well when properly fed and adequately housed.

Rearing is important. Pullets should have access to good feed and pasture and should be culled bcfcre being brought into the lay- ing house. The thrifty. healthy, well grown pullets should be retained

The feeding program will inflii- ence hoth the grade and quantity of eggs. A well balanc good qual- ity laying mash. tziether with scratch grnln, grit, oyster shell and it constant supply of clean water is essential. This will assure the best returns in number and grade of eggs produced per pcund of feed consumed. High grade eggs will not be produced by hens that have free range and access to refuse heaps and manure piles.

The laying flock should be hous- ed in well ventilated. sanitary pens if mnximuni egg production is to be maintained. When extremes ln temperature are experienced the importance of insulation should not be over-looked. The use of com- munity nests saves time. There will not be as many soiled, stained or broken eggs as when individual nests are used. Nesting material should, of course, be kept clean.

Infertilc eggs retain their qual- ity lciiger than fertile eggs, thus if the flock is not being used for breeding purposes the males should be removed,

Eggs should be collected at least every two hours cspcclriliy in warm weather. Wire cizg baskets are the

l bcst containers to use for this pur- .posc as they permit. the eggs tc I cook more quickly. The eggs should 'be placed in a room that is cool I and free from all odours, The ideal holding temperature is 55 degrees : F. Ship eggs in least twice ii week ' i' possible. Do not market eggs that are abnormal in shape, size or . shell tcxturc, use those in the home 1 as they will only lower your grade 4 and cost returns. ' Routine 'is important. A regular -st-ht-diilo of feeding and manage- : mcnt will help to maintain steady ' production.

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Why cross-Breed sheep? I - ..

Throughout the major sheep lralslng countries of the world the lnrnctlcc of cross-breeding sheep for the production of market lambs its a general one. The reasons for Ltbls are threefold. firstly, when two disttnce breeds are crossed the resulting offspring usually are big- ger. stronger and more vigoous than either of the parental breeds.

This phenomenon is known as "hybrld vigor". Secondly. there is no one breed of sheep that posses- es all the desirable attributes of the various breeds and by judicious cross-breeding the superior qualities of more than one breed may be exploited. For example it does not appear that superior carcass con- formation and top milk production 'fll'E to be found in any one breed, yet both are essential to a success- ful fat lamb enterprise. The use of a sort-legged. thickly fleshed breed on ewes from high prodde- fng breeds will give the desired re- sults. A further point from the na- tional standpoint in favor of a crossbreeding program is that har- dy ewe-stock can be raised on re- latlvely cheap areas and then util- ized by farmers in more productive farming districts for fat lamb pro- ductlon. y Trials conducted at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, says 8. B. Williams, have shown that cross-bred ewes produced 14 per cent more lambs than straight bred ewes and that these lambs reached market weight and finish 24 days earlier. In both cases the lambs were sired by rams of the same breeding. In addition. the cross-bred ewes fleeces gave 33 per cent more clean wool.

ed. A good commercial disinfectant should be added to the whitewash. At the Experimental Farm. Bran- don. Man.. the white wash is ap- plied with a pressure sprayer. small poultry houses can be whitewashed satisfactorily with a brush. when the whitewash has dried and clean litter has been placed in the house it is ready to receive the pulleta. The environment in which the pulleta find themselves during the first few days of confinement has much to do with their continued health. It In essential that they re- ceive plenty of fresh air during the first few days. Draughts. how- ever, must be avoided If colds are to be prevented. The feeding of green feed such as leafy alfalfa er a little feeding fish oil is a good precautionary measure to take at this time. , The rations the birds receive must be balanced for all essential nutrients. Pullcts should be so fed that they continue to gain in weight until well into thetr first laying year. If the birds come into V. ” ctton quickly and lose weight they may go into I partial molt and out of production fm a time. In production and body weight can best. be controlled by feeding

Dairying Gives High Returns

Suirveys made in the Canada. De- partment of Agriculture. Ottawa, show that the cash income from the sale of dairy products is greater than the revenue from any other agricultural product with the ex- Cebtion of wheat. If the returns from the sale of dairy cattle foir ex- port and slaughter are included, then the total cash income from dairying exceeds that of wheat and approximates 25 per cent of the total cash Lncome from farming.

Another point that is often over- looked when considering datrying in the national eooomy of Canada. is the part that the dairy animals themselves play in helping to put agriculture on a more permanent basis.

While no one particularly likes doing chores, most farmers become attached to their animals and they soon become a part. of farm life. They serve also to give children an understanding of life that proves invaluable to them and through their calf clubs boys and girls are given an opportunity to learn sound famlng practices, and what is more important. to become good Cana- dian citizens.

Pasture llesearcli 1 In Canada

OTTAWA. - Down through his- tory green pastures have become fihc symbol of stability, peace and abundance and the goal of security for mankind in every generation. This is no less true in Canada to- day where a blade of grass is still the basis of agriculture and thus of human livelihood, Grass means conservation of the soil and future lwelfare. From a purely dollars and cents standpoint grass has tremen- idous value and recent figures re- 'leased by the Canada Department of Agriculture. Ottawa, show that pasture and hay together are val- ued at 313 million dcllars and com- prlse about '71 million acres, or more than one-third of: the total agricultural land area in Canada.

Because of its great economic im- portance, scicntlsts and research workers of the Department of Ag- riculture are ccntinuously trying to Improve and preserve Canadian pastures. Due to the varying soil and climatic conditions prevailing in the different provinces. tests have to be conducted in many wide- ly separated areas.

Co-operating with the Depart- ment's Science Service's Chemistry Division, pasture research has long been 3. major project of the Ex- perimental Farms Service at the 29 branch farms and stations in all

sub-stations and Illustration Sta- tions frorn coast to coast. Since 1932 the Division of Illustratloii Stations has been carrying on ex- tensive pasture improvement tests under various soil and climatic conditions from Prince Edward Is- land to British Columbia. 418 yield record tests being made on 08 farms in 1949. During this same period nearly 115 million acres of com- munity postures were operated by the P.F.R.A. in -waste areas in Saskatchewan and Manitoba as an aid to cattle producers in these re- ions.

Production costs of various farm crops have been given careful study at Ottawa and co-operative tests in the Divisions of Animal Husband- ry. Chemistry, Field Husbandry and Forage Crops have shown that the cost per acre of producing perm- anent pasture herbage is low com- pared with the coat. of producing nutrients in other crops, with no cost for tillage and harvesting op- erations, tests show that perman- ent pasture herbage can be pro- duced for s6.3oQer ton of dry mat- ter, timothy hay at 37.60, alfalfa hay at 38.85, alfalfa silage at 58.50 and corn silage at 315.60 per ton.

Experiments conducts by the De- partment show that while certain crops may be more economical to produce than others, their econ- omy in the final analysis must be measured by the returns they bring for the produce sold when fed to farm animals. Corn silage. for ex- ample. when fed for milk produc- tion was found to give a lower ra- tion of returns to cost than did pasture herbage,

Since grass is consumed direct- ly by the grazing animal. with no attempt to cure it or process it in any way. its nutritive value and economy of utilization takes on added significance." In Canada the grazlng season is extremely short. usually less than 150 days. and o!- ficlals of the Department have been studying various methods to make thoybest. possible use of pastures in different parts of the country. In- tensive study is being given to in- creasing the carrying capacity of pastures used for different purposes and in Eastern Cgnada for exam- ple. a gradual increase In carrying capacity is being brought about. approximately four acres per an- imal unit and I dry matter pro- duction of 1000 pounds now being obtained per acre. '

Research has helped toward or- tabilshtng successful. high produc- tng pastures in some districts, but conditions in Canada vary greatly from one area to another and tin: lrepartment research workers have found that different area may re- quire different-treatments for best. results. Under some soil and clini- atic conditions acme grasses will not stand up under competition and will be crowded out of the mixture. In this way some highly

varying amounts of whole grain and

nutritive grasses may be lost for 13""? 01' MY DWPOSOB. and some

provinces and on many of the 220 B

- NEWSY

DOOM- The Yellow Warbler

This pretty little songster early attracted the attention of Francis Baln (1891). who wrote "The Yel- low or summer Warbler (dendroicn aestiva) in his gilded livery, comes much about our gardens and shade trees. Its song is sprightly and pleasnig, one of the most agreeable that cnlivens our garden bowers. It nests in low: thickets, like ras- pberry or rose shrubbery. Its brood is raised in July, and like most of its family. it is away with the Aug- ust suns to a fairer cllme."

I have seen the Yellow Warbler many times and consider it oom- rnon; Mr. J. Frank stems beaira this out for the Souris district. where he says it is common and increasing (1917). I have seen it in my own orchard, and in the trees on the outskirts of the City. It cannot be mistaken, for it is all yellow, even to the spots on its duller ta.tll

Yellow AOU. 662. Summer reat- dent, increasing. Male to summer: Yellowish olive-green above; breast yellow streaked with rufous below: tnner web of tail feathers yellow, (spots); wing quills edged with yel- low, Female without the rufus streaks on the breast. Length of adults 5 inches

Ancient Furniture.

The Journal of the Royal Society of Arts (Sent. 1950), contains a most interesting paper on tables. presses. cupboards and dressers, as they appeaired in former tiinoa..

In mediaeval times as framed pic- ture hanglng on the wall was a "tab- le"; what we call B table was then known as- a ”board." The board was supported on "trestles", and might be covered with carpet or cloth. or left bare, as occasion required. Variations such as dressing-board. oystetr-board. pastry-board, and CklrlJ-b08I'd, meant "boards" upon which food was dressed, oysters were served, pastry made, or which held the drinking cups. The term survives in ”bed and board". and in the boarding-hcuses, but I as- sume that "boarding schools "have lost ground,

The original cupboard was not the boxed in shructure that we know It was truly a board, with trestle: or leg-like supports, which car- ried the Ale-cups and Wine-cups, and later a ewer of water, and a napkin: since forks were unknown, folk used their fingers, which need- ed washing at the end if the meal. The cupboard was in charge of a "cu-pboard keeper" who super- vised the drink something like the modern barman. No man might fill the cups but he-"he muft (must) know which be for Bear, and which be for Wine, for it were a foul thinge to mix them together.” The next step was to peg the supports firmly to the board" and put in shelf lower down. More shelves were added during the late fif- teenth century. and when there were enclosed, the cupboard was nearly as we know it.