PAGE FOUR

THF. GUARDIAN

Morning Daily (Founded in isn't) Authorised as fioruml Ciun lilull. Post Office Departs-snout, Ottawa. The isiuud ouurilliso Pulillullllll (50- s...r.irr a-iu Managing lllrerlirr. .1. ls. Burnett:

Anson-tale Editor, Erunin Wallscl

"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Th0" the Weakest lnk."

'cri.-\i<i.u'r1'u1‘o\vi\. tvuoiiusbhlszrsurr, 29,_l9~l8

illlr. King’s Address C

Canada's voice was heard at the United Nations Gancral Assembly meeting yesterday when Prime Minister Mackenzie King remind- ecl Soviet critics that this country at least has taken her share of the European relief burden tnrcugh UNRRA and other sources as well as through direct governmental credits of morevthan l.vc liundrcd million dollars. Characteristic of rim Prime Minister was the moderate terms iii ulllCll he couched his message. He made it plain, hswcvai, that he was speaking for the Parlia- iiiciit of Crncia wliich he'd wholeheartedly sup- ported thc pslicy of rehabilitating war devastat- ed countries.

On another point, too, Mr. King's words were significant. "It is vital," he said, "to the defense of freedom to maintain a prcpcndcr- rince of mcrul, economic and military strength on the side of freedom. All else is wholly sec-

proportionate level. ln all it means a loss of well over a hundred millim dollars a year in our export trade, compared to the high point reach- ed in war years.

The reasons for these decreases are many and complicated by various factors but there is little doubt that uncertainty and the absence of any assurance as to future market prospects has had a lot to do with them.

tDlTURlAl. NOTES -

Feast of St. Michael _and

it a

All the Angels.

To get rid of sniffles, says Mr. W. Ormiston Roy, we must get rid of ragweed. He also de- clares the City Engineer, Mr. Harold Messervey, is the best field botanist he has met in forty years travelling in North America and Europe.

If you want a thing well done do it yourself, szems to be the motto of City Clerk Fullerton, who has installed an asphalt plant capable of dcing the work on the streets better and cheap- er than any contractor. .

U I U I Maritime Provinces transportation scrviccs leave much to be desired so that the newly announced C. N. R. timetables with faster schedules between a number of Maritime points comes as an agreeable surprise. Or it i‘ ‘A’

There is certainly nothing in the plaintive

[HE

GUARDIAN. Oi-IARLOTTETOWN

r

TEACHEIVS BEST FRIEND SHOULD BE THE W. i. ‘

A pedestrian is a ear owner with g wife and grown chlldren.—Kltch- ener-Waterloo Record.

More pay is the cry of many Canadian workmen. In China. the day's pay is so great that the workers are unable to oarrY It home. due to inflation. —st. Oath- srincs Standard. -

For the ald and encouragement. o! young couples who like goou music, the Buffalo Philharmonic mahestra is altering a unique in- ducement to those who subscribe for a series of ten concerts. The orchestra management guarantees to provide a competent baby-sit.- ter for those who need one. The usual fee will be paid by the con- cert-goers. amounting to 55 cents an hour in Buffalo, i! the baa/- sitter ls enrolled by an agency.- Phlladelphla Bulletin.

Several high-toned scientific rea- sons have been given for the pro-

II ammunition dump-oat. Attapo in New Gulncn. The blast, we are solemnly told will aid In the study of earthquakes, and perhaps lead to the discovery of oil. But.

SEPTILMBER 29. 1948

The Acting Mayor of Ottawa, at a recent banquet in that city, has gone on record as against the ex- penditure of public moneys on arg- antzlng recreation for teen-ngen. Children who have passed the p". school and early school age, h; claims, should be able to use their own initiative and energies rather than applying to city councils for funds for the purpose of getting recreation. There will be many who will agree with Dr. Geldert’: statements. There is little to lup- port the theory that adolescent da- llnquency arises from lack of pub. llc recreational facilities, and much to indicate that the health- iest and happiest youths are those who organize their own spare time entertainment, putting into it. holh thought and work-Sydney Posi- l Record. l A ’l‘ol.al of 780.825. horn ln L! dlf. ferenl. countries, were during the lSecond World War enlisted ln the ‘Canadian Army, according to fix. lures compiled by the army's his- torical section at Ottawa. 0f thou rborn outside Canada, statistics

posed detonation of 3.000 tons of Imqw that U", largest number __ bombs—the remains of World War lwme 39,907 __. w“ born j“ Eng,

land, and the smallest totals an shown for Albania and Montene- gro, with three from each of these. countries. Russian-born (the U. S. S. R. and Ukraine) Canadian sold-

. ondcryj‘ This might» well be interpreted G5 0 h f B _ _ h c I b_ I P |_ C _ _ we somehow suspect fltlfi; llhfibgfirlelilgf. [qtgflgd 2,350, seven] other reply to the Soviet accusation against the Watch °Sh_l’ll’I5 b f0 urghla Ehoflcé cirmgrssizn- p???“ em: oyigliélatiulg mew fpiilijrtrllirérfisilelzylli-Jiifilpnthoefstzlgghitfiog; Western Powers of putting into effect un- er ° '1 "'95 e o“ e “i ‘m5 9 e5 5‘ r119 f-eqAfl-‘er cqnsuj-ps fhe Vvomews ‘nshhxte

. . t‘ t t dt rcnlly big bang C dy y _ _ sociation of Canada, That youth more often is s o pm we a am is w” ‘me army They l“

concealed military preparations." —ll1@ flmcriidfer °f ‘m’ "595 s“ ‘f’ Cludfl swllflfld with 13.303; Iro-

§ Mr King was no, undid), pessimistic with re_ takes an idol of the slick crook rather than the in he” ¢°mmuflillg over School and scholar- Pwoblems. 5P@Bl<»—Edm0nton Journal. lkalndk Gfipgiwsvrgtgd dsgaltz: an: ; r _ _ _ ' - ' - - r i — as a. . i can , , , g r gord to the tardy progress in obtaining a world- "QMEWS cmze" '5'“ rfmlglcstdd "5 “m9 _ Wales with 2,123. Almost 2,511»

‘qavrtywqmuc -w

wide community of interests. The United Na- flDllS, he pointed out, is certain to be confront- 0:1 with many difficulties. He suggested that the experience in co-operation and association of the Commonwealth nations to which Canada belongs has some lessons, "both positive and negative," which might be of help in meeting like difficulties in the development of a world community sense among the United Notions. The Commonwealth had no charter, had not appointed a secretory-general and had not tak- en decisions by a simple or two-thirds majority; llllf they lirid worked together on the basis of common interests and had developed a com- munity sense despite differences in language, . race, tradition and religion.

Mr. King has came a long way from his attitude just before the outbreak of World War Two, wiien he could apparently see nothing more important to talk about at an Empire Confer- ence than Canada's insistence on its own auton- =omy. The thing most needed to be said now is that Canada stands foursquare behind the Anglo-American programme of economic and military security, and the Prime Minister has said just that in words which cannot be misunder- stood.

a Fire Losses

This is the season during which special corc .shculd be observed to prevent brush and forest fires, which recently caused such widespread damage in the potato growing State of Maine, and which takes toll annually of many hun- drcds of thousands dollars of property damage in Canada. Fire Prevention Week is being ob- served this year October 3-9, and in this con- ncction the statistical report of fire losses in Canada, just issued by the Federal Department ol Insurance, are worth noting. The tables given summarize and classify the losses in 52,931 fires in which thc aggregate property loss amounted to $57,050,461. This compares with 55,400 fires and a property loss of $49,413,363 in 1946, an in- crcase of 15.5 per cent in 1947 over 1946. In ad- dition, losses amounting to $1,348,461 were sustained in the properties of the Department of National Defence and other Crown properties in 1947. In 1946 these losses amounted to $1,490,000. Fatalities from fire in 1947 were 390 as against 408 in 1946. Of this number 149 were children while 149 men and 92 women died in fires.

Damage caused by fires attributed to smok- crs’ carelessness amounted to $5,244,747 in 1947 compared to $3,474,371 in 1946 while overheated stoves, furnaces, boilers and pipes account for a property loss of $3,764,826 as against $3,491,- 588 in 1946. Another prominent cause of fire was defective electrical wiring and appliances. Damage in this connection amounted to $4,624,- 127 in 1947 compared to $4,203,019 in 1916. Fires from unknown causes in 1947 were respon- siblc for property loss of about $26,063,251 while in 1946 unknown fires accounted for about $20,113,000.

In the figures for municipalities lt is noted that Charlottetown's fire losses lost year amount- _ed to $30,738 or $1.98 per capita. The city was more fortunate than Sum-merside which had losses totalling $43,704, or $8.74 per capita. Fire ‘losses in Souris amounted to $6,815, or $8.74 per capita.

Farmers In the ilarli

Hope is expressed by the Ottawa Iournal that out of t'-'.- discussions between Britain's Chancellor of the Exchequer Sir Stafford Cripps ‘and the Dominion Cabinet will come some as- surance to Canadian primary producers which Twill enable them to plan a program for the years ahead with some stability to it. With the exception of wheat, producers of food in this ‘country just don't know what the future holds ‘as far as their tjrade with Britain is concerned.

I As a result production of many products which were shipped to Britain in quantity dur- vrng the war years has fallen off badly. This year, for instance, we may ship less than threc Iliundrcd million pounds of pork products to :Britain, compared with almost sevenhundred

Very many here and elsewhere heard with deer‘ regret the announcement of the death of Rev. Dr. Daniel J. Fraser, one of our distinguished educationists. He was long connected with the Presbyterian College in Montreal as professor and principal, and many of the clergyman now in Presbyterian pulpits, graduated under him. Rev. Dr. J. Kier Fraser is now the sole member of the family left, and sympathy goes out to him and Mrs. Fraser in their loss.

U U I U

According to Brigadier Reid, Supervisor of aur Tourist Bureau 62,731 passengers were handled this summer on the Borden-Tormentine run an increase of 370, while 15,339 cars were ferried, an increase of 2,599. Similarly, 21,979 passen- gers were handled on the Wood Islands-Caribou roiite, an increase of 2,266 and 6,778 autos, on increase of 1,500. The number handled by the Maritime Central Airways was 7,988, a decrease of 836. Steamer passengers here this year num- bered 1,155, an increase of 855. This is esti- mated as an increase of $233,000 on the tour- ist revenue for the year.

s a w» u

Four young men who obviously don't suffer from too much heat and too little energy are four Boy Scouts, who, over a long week-end, paddled two canoes one hundred and forty miles, from Devizcs to Westminster Bridge, Lon- don, in order to win o bet of twenty pounds. The bet was that they wouldn't make the journey in a hundred hours, They made it in eighty one hours and fifty minutes, and, being a holiday per- iod, they had to carry their canoes through no less than fifty two locks. Q i Q fi Sir John Lyon, British restauranteur, born this date 1848, was the first to realize the advan- tage of multiple restaurants or tea rooms, with one menu and one price, so that anywhere and at any time in London travellers could be sure of a meal at a moderate rate. From this Lyons entered the field of production, and established his own tea estates in Ceylon, and milk, butter and egg production in Kent, and finally became government contractor for army and navy sup- plies. The multiple idea caught on in England and spread to U.S.A. and Canada. The centenary of Lyons is being celebrated this year. I l‘ I I Declaring to a Globe and Mail interviewer that a week's test of "man-in-the-street" reaction in Ontario had convinced him that John Diefenbok- er is the only man capable of leading the Pro-‘ gressive Conservatives back to power, Mr. B. Roy Holman, vice-president of the Dominion Pro- gressive Conservotive Association, announced that he will support Mr. Diefenbaker at the Ot- tawa convention. "l cim only speaking personal- Iy," Mr. Holman emphasized, "but I have found to my surprise that reports circulating in the Maritimes la the effect that Mr. Drew is solid iri Ontario are Incorrect. So far as I can learn, Diefenboker has more support in Ontario than Drew. Therefore, our only interest in the Mari- times is to choose the man who can be the next Prime Minister of Canada. After a careful sur- vey, 1 believe that John Diefenbaker is that man." Mr. Holman said his Ontario survey had been mode "in Toronto and the immediate vi- cinity." O fl I

Last year we were exporting potatoes to Brit- ain, now we are told Britain's potato harvest locks so good it is expected large quantities will be left over for export. This is attributed to the tremendous efforts made by home grow.

SiFvStafford Cripps’ Address At Mnrgate

(United Kingdom Information)

"This time inst year we were in n very difficult position indeed es- peciziliy- so fur as our overseas bul- nncc of payments wzis concerned. Both our own country and thi- rest of thc sterling area were run- iiiiig heavy dollar debit balances. rind our overall balance of trade was also very adverse. We had ns a result. to trike u number of most drastic stops in ordr-r to r0- versc the process and hring our- selves to a safer position where we could be within sight at least of eventually freeing our country from dependence upon any other country in the economic sphere. “ll was fortunate -- or perhaps natural — that at this time ln the tide of world uffuirs we had the encouragement of the generous and inspiring speech which Mr. Mar- shall had made a few weeks ear- lier in Harvard, and what was equally important the immediate nnd dynamic initiative of Ernie Bevin-lo whom this country owes a great debt of gratitude-an in- ltiiitivc which set in motion the European Economic Co-operailon upon which eventually E. R. P. was based. "This prospect lime during which American finll with European tic-operation we could bridge the gap ln overseas payments enabled us to follow out policies which would otherwise have been impossible. We were able lo continue draw- ing upon our reserves to maintain our imports of foodstuffs and raw materials because we were entitled to take that risk In the new cir- cumstances that had been created by these new policies that. were (lcveloping. “It was in that. selling that we initiated action to remedy our sit- uation. The remarkable response of the British workers and mim- ngcmcnis to this call for greater cffoi-t and greater restraint made possible a rapid improvement. in our circumstances and has brought us so for safely along the road to recovery through some of the most. difficult country that we have ever hurl to traverse ln the course of our history. We had to use all our flnuncinl, fiscal and economic controls nnd resources to cape with the situation. The Budget became part of our economic planning to cnriblc- us to steer our way along this difficult. path. o o

of a period of

O

"Obviously the primary need was lo reduce the adverse balance of dollar payments. That. was tackled in two ways, for" it must always be remembered when we are talking of sterling-dollar balances that. we

We nrc, ns it. were, tlic guardians of sterling for lhc whole sterling arch and everyone who deals in sterling throughout the \vorld. The stability of sterling is f believe the most important factor lateral world irudc iotluy, nnd ll: sinbilltyi depends very largely upon liow we conduct our economy.

"The first tinny: ave !i'..l 1- lor was n reduction In our nrlv balance and lhni meant lI1(‘i‘.‘"1<‘l‘ our volume of exports lo the dol- lnr nreus nnd suiti-hlizg ris -ri.iiv imports as wc could from dollar-

~n

to non-dollar sources. This entail- ed lnvlslbles as well as visible trade. We were last your running

a heavy adverse balance of invis- ible payments, directly due lo the aftermath of war, our increased commitments overseas nnd our gravely diminished opportunities of curnlng foreign exchange by aur shipping and other services.

"We also had to persuade all our

aid r

0111' ‘

nrc not thc only users of sterling.’

in multl- I

for

Meanwhile the Ministry of- Agriculture is ap- pealing for between 15,000 and.20,000 volunteers lo get the potato harvest in. As an inducement to volunteers, camp boarding fees have been re- duced to 14s a week. In Essex, where farmers

ers in response to the government's appeal for more acres to be used for potatoes. The gov- ernment also offered to buy potatoes, growers could not sell if the market become oversup- plied. The Food Ministry already 70,000 tons of the early and secon early crop for animal consumption. The normal price is £4 ($16.) a ton. "Vast quantities are likely to be bought by the ministry and kept in reserve

fellow-members of the sterling areu to reduce their adverse dollar bal- ances. and f must express once again how grateful we are to them for the way they have played up

most unselflshly and helped. O O O

as bought

"We had to remember. of course, that though the first necessity was io cure the dollar unbalance we hiid to be careful not to aggravate ilia general unbalance ln our over- all accounta as a result of the steps we took. Thai lii to nay. we had in remember that if we switched

consumption," an official said.

we silll had to pay ln exports for these sterling purchases, except in- aofar as our friends were prepar- ed to help us by holding sterling until such time as we could de-

from dollar to sterling purchaaesl

countries from whom we were buy- ing our supplies. The adverse bril- zince in 194T had been £675 million nnd the terms of trade were still turning against. us —- import prices were rising more rapidly than the prices of our exports. Actually the adverse dollar balance had been £680 million in 1947 so there wus a small credit in hand from other

countries but not nrnrly big enough to provide n11 the extra supplies which we wanted to

switch over from dollar sources. o o 0

"Before l come in the internal side of the picture lot me give you a few figures io sliow how we have done in this pnrt of our effort.

“Exports In the first hnlf M1948 have gone up to 130% of i038 com- pnrctl in 116% for the lust hnlf of r1947. We linve reduced our Vl/est- crn l-lenllsphere purchases by 20% land switched nearly rill this to liven-dollar areas so that there has

been no mnrkcd full in our stand- lzirds of living or in our supplies ‘of rnw mnlcriiils.

"We have increased our \Veslorn Hemisphere exports by 23% and ‘our exports in other ni-cas by 19%. ;The dollar drawings by tho rest of the sterling area have been ‘markedly reduced since the lust ‘half of 1947. Then we have enter- ed into some 40 bilateral agree- ments in our efforts i0 maintain the greatest. volume of trade pos- sible with thosc countries which like ourselves have currencies in- convertible into dollars and ln every. case those agreements are based upon sterling payments. In ,facl our overseas trade ls in a mucli healthier condition though lwe have by no means a: yet suc- ceeded ln closing that dangerous [and threatening gap. It. ls at the moment being substantially closed by the E. R. P. gifts and loans, at least so for as dolliirs nnd gold are ‘concerned -- but. of course we do not know how long ihnt aid will lconiinuc after next April. All ihla ‘is eiicournglng~wc nre on the ‘right road though still beset. by lmany difficulties.

o a

"But this has only been possible and has only been achieved by ‘the hard work and self-denial of ,thc British people. They have ‘shown themselves n more self-dis- ciplined and intelligent. democracy ‘than any other in the world. ‘ “il was absolutely necessary that gwe should diminish the strong in- ilntionary pressure which hurl by last autumn deviclapcd to a danger- ous pxicnt in this country. This ‘was absolutely vilul if we were to lprcscrve thc possibility of Increas- ,ing our volume of exports and at ilhe same time to maintain the lvalue of the purchasing power of ounown money.