,1

THE -GUARDIAN

“Coven Prince Edward Island Like the Dew"

Published every week-day morning a: 136 Prince Street. Charlottetown, P. E. I, by The Thomson Company Limited.

Editor and Manager. Ian A. Burnett Aaaociate Editor. Frank Walker.

Branch offices at Summerlide. Montague and -tlberton. Authorized as Second Class Mail by ‘he Post. Office Department. Ottawa. By Carrier: Charlottetown. Summerside $15.00 per annum. Elsewhere in P. E. I. 59.00. Other Prov- lncu and U. S. A. $12.00 per annum.

"The ati:iig:t memor-y—l:veaker than the weakest ink.”

The "chief finality

With every new discovery of a potential- ly destructive force there has come to the world a deep sense of fear. This was the reaction when the first crude musket rc- placcd the bow-and-arrow as a standard military instrument; later, the invention of .’l_\’llEll’llliP seemed to have such alarming possibilities that the man responsible for it was said to have been deeply troubled over the direction his scientific research had taken. Despite fear and iegret, the advancc—if that be the word for it—to- wards new and more powerful weapons has been steady and relentless. Today it is the hydrogen bomb; tomorrow or next year it will be something else even more do- striictivc and more fearful.

it is natural that mankind should fear the forces which science continues to bring out of their former hiding places: yet, when all is said and done, the chief enemy of man's hopes for a better world is not the liydro,r:en bomb or anything that may re- place it in the arsenals of the nations but war itself, which has plagued the human race from the moment of its birth up to the. present hour. A war fought with the old time weapons might not kill as many people as would one fought with the latest devices. but it would be just as heinous in its moral evil and just as crushing in its assault on the better aspirations of the hu- man soul. Doubtless, it would be a fine thing if A and H bombs could be outlaw- ed; as a short term expedient it would be at’ much value. It would not be. however, a cure for the world's ills. Only when war itself has been outlawed and replaced by wiser and gentler methods of settling dis- putes among the nations will civilization be assured of freedom to go forward in the land of the living. This is the task con- fronting the nations’ statesmen; to a de- gree. and not an inc-onsiderable one, it is the task that confronts us all.

More Homework

British Columbia school teachers. at their recent, annual convention in Van- couver, adopted a resolution calling for more homework. The teachers seek to re- store homework to children in elementary grades and to increase it for high school students.

Their action prompts the Vancouver Province to ask: Is the pendulum swing- ing back? "It seems no time." says The Province. “since embattled parents and modern educators were fighting to eliminate or reduce homework. Studies carried home

from school were considered by many to be V

an unnecessary imposition. taking time from children's recreation and leisure, and even threatening their health. School stil- dies wcrc to be confined to school, eliminat- ing at one fell swoop the regulations that kept the previous generation, and many generations before it, carrying home stacks of textbooks and scrlbblers, and poring over night assignments.

“Apparently, in the opinion of most teachers, this release from evening study hasn't worked out to well. Most children. they find. can't get proficient in all the sub- jects of the curriculum in school hours alone. They need time for review, prepar- ation and supplementary study. at home. They lcarn to think for themselves. They can draw from parental experience.

“The teachers, in their resolution, want ‘permission’ to levy the homework, and this seems reasonable enough. Individual students vary greatly in the amount of homework they require, and in their in- centive to carry their studies beyond actual hours in the schoolroom. Judging by his knowledge of some of the basic facts of spelling, arithmetic and other elementary subjects. a bit more home\vork_would cer- tainly do no harm to the average young- ater."

luli-Growing In The llolirllm

An interesting attempt to assess the possibilities of a bulb-growing industry in the Hebrides is reported in the Edinburgh Scotsman. A patch of soil in Tiree has been planted with hyacinths by the West of. Scotland College of Agriculture and the ‘result: will be‘ watched throughout the ‘Wut Hijhllnd area. The, chances of suc- Qg, Scotsman, are not as re- nfiuugutnusy-.—peopie‘nught think. for it in wiilahintrangers to the Islands find ‘Eh with that the climates of Tlree ‘ xbvlb-‘growing has been. " bultnu for many years, do ,

not differ greatly. Tlils is due to the Gulf Stream, or, more accurately, to its offshoot. the North Atlantic Drift, which brings to the West Coast of Scotland It mildness which the East Coast certainly does not experience. Thus, whilerhigh winds and heavy rainfall are frequent, frost and snow seldom lie long in the Islands.

As a result, Canna and Islay, for in- stance, can grow potatoes quite as early and quite as well as more southern fields. In sheltered localities, indeed, growth is truly remarkable. Palms have been seen grow- ing quite comfortably in Eigg, and peaches have been known to grow in the open air in Rum. ‘The wonderful gaiaiens of In- verewe, on the West Coast of Ross-shire (described in Osgood Mackenzie‘s book, "A Hundred Years in -the Highlands") were made mostly out of an old sea-beach. The pebbles were removed, and 'their place made up with “endless cartloads of peaty stuff from old turf dykes, red soil carted from long distances, and a kind of blue clay marl from below the sea.” Within a few years, and almost in latitude 58 degrees, they were producing luscious pears and plums and apples, and pretty well every kind of flower that will grow anywhere else in Britain.

Lack of an adequate transport system, however, has been like a blight, making a wilderness out of a potentially productive area. The Highlands are dying for want of proper communications, yet while this fact must now be plain enough for all to see, there is still no sign of the comprehensive overhaul that is fundamental to a restora- tion of prosperity.

The chief natural enemy that a bulb in- dustry in the Hebrides will have to con- tend with will undoubtedly be the wind. Its salt content, and not its strength, is prob- ably the main danger, for this is inimical to every form of vegetation and burns up all unprotected growths. Some defence against the ocean blasts must therefore, be provided, and the development of tree belts throughout the Islands is a matter of prime importance.

LDITORIAL NOTES

however, this country is being called upon to convert production drawings of the Bel- gian FN automatic rifle from metric meas- urements ,to inches, a task in which there

Social Credit monetary proposals have at least one fatal flaw, Close study may reveal all sorts of amazing fiscal practices that work but the key is public confidence and that could not be maintained in blue sky money introduced to the accompani- ment of political ballyhoo.

C U D

Summersidc and the Island will miss the presence of Group Captain A. G. Ken- yon who leaves today after two and a half years in command of the R. C. A. F. Sta- tion Summerside. Through his efforts the personnel station became thoroughly in- tegrated with community life as well as maintaining high service efficiency.

0 I O

Proposals for Senate reform are far from new. The father of Dr. William Scott Ferguson of Harvard whose death was re- ccntly reported, Senator Donald Ferguson, was proponent of Senate appointments be- ing made on the recommendation of the Government, the Opposition and the Uni-

versities. O O 0

one of the most important features in the world today is freedom of the press. “There must be no closed doors,” he says, “be- cause publicity is the greatest aid to truth, and certainly it is the greatest aid to an understanding of the public affairs with which we all are concerned." I) O I

Charlottetown was not named after a woman for nothing. Even disregarding" the early French settlement of Port Lajoie at the entrance to Charlottetown Harbour. there were houses erected on the actual site of Charlottetown shortly after the Island was ceded to Britain ‘in 1763 and by 1773 there were eighty settlers in Char- lottetown. The centennial celebrations next year commemorate a much more recent event, the capital's incorporation as a city.

I O 0

Richard D‘Oyly Carte, theatrical man- ager, was born this date 1844. After beiiig a concert and lecture agent he became a theatrical manager at the age of thirty-one. In 1875 he produced “Trial by Jury”, the first pf the series of comic operas written by Sir W. S. Gilbert and composed by Sir Arthur Sullivan. It was followed by four more successes and the three men are said to have made £60,000 a year. He then built the Savoy Theatre and continued the successful productions. The Engllafiopera Home, which he opened in 1891. was I fail-

ure. however, and was sold for music-hall purposes. It is now known as the Palace Theatre.

.-—:-..I-’

,

In Hamonyi

.

I c/A? E7 I foefi‘ Qmm 'MUSIC I HEARD

Music I heard with you was more than music.

And bread I broke with you was more than bread:

Now that I am without you, all is desolate;

All that was once so beautiful is

dead.

Your hands once touched this table and this silver, And I have seen your fingers hold

this glass. "“""‘ These things do not remember you, Canada has often been called upon to A d beiizved, ‘U h upon mm - ‘ . ' ' ye your 0 C inteipiet the old world to the nevi. Now, Wm M. p,,,,_._

For it was in my heart you moved among them.

And blessed them with your hands and with your eyes:

And in my heart they will remem-

V b ' - ber always,- can e no room. for approximations. They ‘mew you mm‘ 0 heaumu, and wise.

—Conra.d Altkcll.

Old Charlottetown

and P.l.1.

EDUCATIONAL DRAWBACKS

From A report. to the Board of Education by Mr. John MacNcilL Visitor of District Schools, Oct. 26, 1837:

“Though varioua laws have been enacted from time to time by the Legislature of this Island. for the regulation of schools. and consid- erable sums of money have been appropriated for their encourage- ment, I regret. to have it to state, from recent personal observation, that the system of instruction pursued in many of the country schools throughout. the Island is ex- tremely defectlve, and consequent- ly but little really useful and substantial knowledge is acquired by the children attending them. "This appears to me to arise from several causes: some of these perhaps unavoidable in a new country like this. In many of the settlements, the inhabitants are poor—and having to struggle with numerous difficulties in procuring the means of subsistence for their

A former notable English criminal law- ranlulles. the education of their . . - -. - chldren is with them an object yet, now hold Justice Biikett, believes that 0, mm, secondary mmldemnon‘

And even when they do turn their attention to this important object, they are not (generally speaking) very scrupulous in the selection of their teachers. satisfying themselves with the common idea. that. it. is better to have any teacher than none at. all.

"The little encouragement which is in most cues held out. to teach- ers of character and qualification, and the precarious manner in which their salaries are paid, oper- ate moat. powerfully as a bar in the way of the advancement of education. Hence it too frequently happens. when the neceumy liter- ary attalnmenta are not wanting. that it is only persona of ship- wrecked character. and blasted prospects in life. after every other ‘resource has failed them, who take up the important office of School- muter: and hence alao the fre- quent changing of the teacher. the long lapse of time that takes place after the expiration of the engagement of the old. before a new one is appointed: in consequ- ence of which the children nearly forget what they previously ac- quired. _

"The mlcratorygcharacter of the schools. or the shifting of them from place to place. hu, in my opinion. another lnjurlom effect upon the program of education. from this cause it heppona, that after the children have mode can- nldorable proficiency, their career loatoppodallatondobyt.boro- moral of the school to another part of the district. when the popululonhurocontlybeooiuomoro dense: and then the formey local- ity in completely deserted, the act- tlora immediately around it being unable, without the cooperation of their more dlotant neighbours, to secure the continuance of the school.

"The irregular attendance or the

In April, 1904. Agreements be- tween Frdnce and Great Britain preceding the Entente Cordials were signed. After fifty years it can now be said that this date is one of the most important of.t.he century, since it marks the forg- ing of a. link that, with the defeat. of German aggression, was to pre- serve a civilization on hunmn free- dom.

In England and France, politic- ians and diplomats of courage had icalized at the time that co-opera- tlon between the two countries was essential. They came up against resentment and suspicion aroused in public opinion by the Faahoda incident and the Boer war, creat- ing mutual hostility.

But. reason prevailed. Thanks to concessions on both sides, standing questions. some limited, othert. far-reaching Morocco, West Africa. and New- foundland. The House of Commons unanimously approved the govern- ment.‘s action and the leader of the Liberal Opposition gave his party's unreserved support. Delcasse, the French Foreign Minister, had to face objections. mainly sentimental in character. some hundred members voted against him, but he had ob- mined the support of Jaurea and the Socialist party for A measure of "positive value for conciliation and peace".

0 O C

The correspondence of Paul Cam- bon, one of the artisans of the 1004 agreements, reveals that the policy of the Entente Cordiale had been contemplated for It long per- iod, nnd soundings, contacts and conversations had been going on for almost. five years. when an opportunity for negotiation and decision occurred it was seized. "A favourable opportunity existed". that great French diplomat wrote to his son on April 18th, 1904. “but it does not. suffice to encounter opportunities in life. nor even to wish to seize them: one must. be ready to seize them“. He ended with a fact. that experience had taught. him: "Nothing can be im- provised in war and in politics".

In a few years the theoretical rapprochement decided upon by the negotiators was turned into I real and aincere rapprochement of the two nations. On the eve of 1914 it. was no longer true to any: "The Entente is a marriage reason with no possibility of love or divorce".

The war of 1914-1918 was waged by the two countries with coal heroism. inspiring mutual esteem. The controversies and disappoint- ments of the peace. t.he antagonism created by a certain short.-sighted conception of interests, superficial differences of opinion regarding methods to be used for maintain- ing peace and resisting the threat of Nazism and national eoclallam all caused momentary irritation and eatrangement; but none of that could shake the conviction of the English and the French people that In time of trial the two nations would be bound by destiny to the same camp, that of the champions of democracy.

The dramas of the second World War did nothing to modify the

children at school. in many in- stances. when their parents keep them at homo to work. during the busy canon of the you. and; seriously to retard their on im- provement. and note an o draw. back upon the diligence and of- flclenoy of ‘the teacher.

"I must also mention another practice which to too prevalent in the country. and which. I con- ceive, la a exceedingly

which out. he to regarded. both, by parent; and children. no little better than a common mental; and from the familiarity which mint

and the family. he cannot exercise that authority. over hie pupils. which is lndlapennbly necemtr!

The Entente Cordiale

By Jacques Kayaer

in: and rampart". ended

mg the tribes of the Metal Age back to reason". These quotations are from the moving England", actually written on the docu- 22nd of June 1940, by 1-fenrlFoclllon. menu were signed settling out- He ended with these words: "Hall to intrepid England standing up- ln ERIN. right in combat. face to war, face to night".

face to day, face to hope. In the dour struggle for the respect. of the

Entente Cordlale, soundly based on

‘noeuurlly aulum botwoon hlmulf .

yiofound feelings that united the two peoples. In the dark days of servitude, the French listened in to London which. giving a daily example of all that is finest in citizenship. sent. out brotherly en- couragement for action and hope. The English realized and admired the dogged struggle of the French resistance which they aided in the fight against the invader. The French can never that in 1940 England, hand on that deeply indented man

forget

“Ger-

many's delirious dream". ..."brlng-

“Salute to

England is great in peacetime too.

human individual. she will not be influenced. and the fifty-year old

the Dunkirk ‘Ix-eaty, may be the determining force to save the world. turning it from the civilization of the mass and the mobocracy of force,

Farm Land Values (Sydney Poet-Record.)

A special report of the Dominion Bureau of Statistics concerning the average value per acre of ,‘ " farm land: in Canada ,Ierves to point up a problem of particular concern to farmers in Nova Scotla and Prince Edward Island. rbr wl-ille the value of occupied farm land in these two Maritime prov- lncea remained virtually unch1ng- ed over the period of 1939 to 1964. land values in the three Prairie provinces doubled and in the case of Manitoba actually t.i-ebled.

It would be unrealistic to at- tribute the tremendous capital gains for Prairie farmland values to -the discovery of oil in the area or even to the inflow of new set.- tlera. Rather, the explanation has in the exceptional freight rate privileges enjoyed by western grain growers. Farmers in the Maritime Prov- incea enjoy the protection of the Maritime Freight. Rate: Act in shipping produce to central can- adlan markets. Effect of the Act in to keep Maritime freight rates 20 per cent. below the general level of freight rates prevailing elsewhere. The Maritime Freight Rates Act, however._doea Insulate farmers in the east from the impact of mount.- lng freight rates, as do the statu- tory Crowancat grain rates in the West.

Freight rate: under the Marl- tlme Freight Eaten-Act. have gone up about 98, per cent since the end of the war. height. rated on Prairie grain moving for export. however, remain fixed at the some level as existed in lull. It would be unrealibtlc for Maritime farm- era to expect complete exemption from freight rate: which reflect the increased coat. of roll opera- tion today. It is equally unreallatle and unfair. however, to expect Maritime agriculture to continue ':ulIldlxlng' the prolperoue grain growers of western Canada through further general frolnit. nu in-

"flrml 90 farmers sowed their crops. $199“

of rock that serves it both as foot- die of June. snow came. Tradition has it that from the first fall of snow in June until the following summer the ground was not free of aonw. There were no crops

any kind. All the grains rotted in fields. The population had to live on fish and meat. The latter was plentiful ‘because there was no hay to keep cattle alive. Thus many were slaughtered. In Quebec hay had to be imported from Ireland. Flour —— no grain grew —- rose to $17 a barrel, and potatoes cost. I penny a pound. In New Hamp- shire the price of hay was $160 a ton. It in difficult to separate legend from fact. but the Domin-

in Christ shall all be made alive.’

would probably not be necessary at. all.

.!age 4 The Guirdiaii

‘Monday.

‘W

NOTES,BY

And then there‘: the manlwho complains that his wife has the list word even at Scrabble. -—

—BIlcbI.'reIt radio flrll announ- Lucretiu Ratrascanu. founder of the Communist party in the country had been executed: then later sold a mistake had been made and the firing Iquod had deapatched another man by the aame name. It still isn't quite clear to us. however. whether the firing squad or the radio made the error.'— Cornwall Standard- Freeholder.

. Life was so much simpler when all add phenomena could be blam- ed on sun spots. —— Hamilton Spec- tutor.