.,. ppr.. ...

I TH1:l'EIDlUCATIONAL”H0RIZ0N

rnasnnrmoi saws AND views or mrsassr 'ro' 'l'EACliElls' AND ALL orasas assume

I )1 ll )

s intent in. "V" fAcli'iI:& is. Iullzi. 501)” WHW ' one -' '1ucher should rind her ii ilk! ill "9"

en. childreif improve in row- . and in character. The spirit

helpfulness which such an in- :erest brings is one of the char- merlatics of the-bsuperlor touch- ,.- It causes herito be ever on ...'. alert to detect .ths child's needs and to suiiilly them-

The teacher is the dominant lacior in our system of I '0"- The of the is not conditioned upon tha I0h091' house. the equipment, the prem-

HENRY

He was a your apprentice clerk of the Hudson's Bay Com- pany, and was the first white man to see the prairies of the Canadian West. Leaving York Factory in June, 1690. with a band of Plains Indians. he trav- elled upstream to Lake Winnipeg and apparently as far west as the centre of the present prov- litre of Saskatchewa... He spent two winters with the Indians. and

isos. the location. the ass In whlchpwe live. the course I of study. but it is dependent upon the teacher. If the teacher is risht. in duo time. I11' the" 0"” or things will be added. The teacher who is Equipped with character. health. scholar- ship. commonsense. lovable per- sonality, enthusiasm. adaptability. self-control, patience. tact. and in- terest in the work. and in the boys and girls will bring any

- 'toihe”” t t r dof sslf' ' 4 and thus make it "the pride of the community."

KELSEY

returned to Hudson Bay in 1692. Kelsey left a -journal. in which he relates how he saw the bison of the Canadian plains.

Kelsey rose steadily in the Company's service. and had many adventures by land and sea. In 1718. he was promoted to the highest position in the Company's service in Rupert's Land-Gov- ernor at York Factory.

9 HERE ARE SIX CHARACTERS WHOSE ASSOCIATION WITH MORPHEUS IS NOTORIOUS. WHO ARE THEY?

1. So potent was the poison he

drunk at an outdoor bowling party that he,slept for twenty years.

2. Except when he was eating. this fat boy was always sleep- ing. much to the disgust of Mr. Wnrdle, the stout gentleman who employed him. -

3. To help her avoid a big- amous marriage with her cousin. 3 irlar gave this thirteen-year- old bride a sleeping draught that would counterfeit death for 42 hou's.

somnon Qiilz

1. Wh t physical law jet prop lsion?

2. Name the two radio-active elements discovered during ra- scnrch on the atomic bomb.

.'l. W): could we not hear the V-2 bojn. as it approached?

4. t the direct-positive prncell, n photography?

5. t are the meanings (of Fido and Pluto as used in reports of war operations?

6. Can X-ray images be photo- graphed with a. lens?

explains

4. In her fifteenth year this princess pricked her finger on a spindle and. as prophesied by an angry fairy. fell, asleep for 100 years. ' ,

5. This guest at a tea party stayed awake long enough to be- gin teiling a story but fell asleep again before it ended. .

6. Because she interfered in her father's business. this god- dess was changed into a mortal and condemned to sleep on a mountain top within a ring of fire.

7. What is meant by the term Fae-Simile in the field of com- munication?

8. How is the sound of an elec- tric organ produced?

When you use an adverb such as only. almost. nearly. scarcely. place it so that it clearly belongs with the word you intend it to modify.

The meaning of a sentence can be changed entirely by changing the position of the word only.

FACTORS AFFECTING IMMUNITY

A , 's 'mmunity to disease varies from time to time for is number of reasons. For example his immunity is certain to be less (1) if he is very tired becuusei of either physical or mental work; (2) if he has become chilled from exposure: (3) if he has been liv- lng where there have been over- crawding' filth, and poor ventila- tion; (45) if he her not had

BUILDING UP IMMUNITY

Germs. when attacking the body, throw-poisons. called toxins into the blood stream. All the

ving cells manufacture protect-

; substances (antibodies). These hrs of several kinds. They in- clude (1) sntltoxins. which ren- der the toxins harmless. and (2) certain substances other than aniito ' which enable the body to resist disease. Certain of these substances (Igmutinins) cause the invading bacteria to,gathor to-

. . NATURAL

Y':

ihrrhere are several kinds of nat- ural immunity: (1) Immunity is related to a particular species. For example, man is naturally immune to many diseases of an- lmals. (2) Immunity is related to race. Thus the Chinese have a natural immunity to scarlet fever. This immunity is very much greater than that , ssessed by other races of men. The white race has a much greater natural immunity to smallpox than the American Indian. (3) Immunity is. related to families. Thus the members of certain families have I much greater natural immunity to certain diseases than the mem- bers of other families. (4) Im- munity is related to the indiv- idual. Thus one member of a

HERODOTUS

?Cicene called Herodotus. who Wis the world's first historian. the "Father of History.” The facts Ielated by I-lurodotus in his hist- ory are not always correct. but he presents a fascinating picture of Greece and the Near East at 319 time of , the Greco-Persian"

ars.

Herodotus understood both the

reeks and the Persians. for he has born at reek city in Persian ton-itory. bo.ut 45'! his uncle was.put to ah for plotting against the lsr of Halioarnsuus. and Her-. .us went into exile. He trav- , throughout the Persian Em-

'as far as Babylon. He went

; Three: and ll:-"and visib- .. oarnassus ..-r.. .u:--

, n Empire. Her- 1 o s ci and

th t ' llv"s lug u g wage n sns. res years he joined the ions which oios sent out to hurii in on Italy. He

I-I-lluirnalilll. I Greece

enough of the right kinds of food. containing sufficient supplies of energy. building materials, and especially vitamins; and (5) if he is weakened from a recent at- tack of some disease. You can therefore increase your immunity through healthful living. You should keep regular hours and have plenty of sleep, fresh -air, sunshine. rest and play.

t- in masses. As a result. their harmful action is prevented or at least greatly diminished. The body manufscturerr one of these substance as a means of defense against typhoid. (3) Still other subston (the opsonins) act upon bacteria in such a way that the white corpuscles capture the acterla in far greater num- bers than if these substan

were not present in the blood.

IMMUNITY family may readily contract mumps, ' t fever. or other

diseases, while other members of that same family may nurse the sufferer without contracting the disease. (5) Immunity is related to age. There are certain dis- eases. such as diphtheria. scarlet fever, and measles. which are dis- eases of children and are seldom contracted by adults. (6) Im- munity is related to one's health. Thus. if'a person is in good health. he may be exposed to u disease-for example. the com- mon cold-many times without contracting it. If. however, he is poor in health. he may contract the disease at once when ex- posed to it.

(484-425) 3.0.

lived there until he ,dled.

is history shows a love and s mirstion for Athens. At the same time it shows a lust '4ap- preclstion of the greatness oi Persia. Of the nine books in- cluded in the history. the first six tell of the development oi the free cities of Greece and the rise of Persia. The last three deal with Xei-xes' invasion oi . Everywhere Herodotus traveled he asked questions. In this way he learned the customs and beliefs of the people who made up the Persian Empire. He wrote these beliefs down fairly and often humorously in his hist- ory. He explained that he wrote only what he had heard and left the reader frss believe as much or as little as he chose. Herodotus is the chief authority for the stories of Thsmistooles and the battle of' Marathon. Ihsosnopsise. ssismis, sad. '-

toss.

.a: 1-'

5

ll!-Peifectteaissoectsy" 'to,mioice-with .

IMPROVEIIENT IN EDUCATION

1

Brazil is the second, largest country in the Western Hemis- phere and the fourth largest in the world. ranking after the Sovlst Union. China and Canada. It is about the size of the United States plus another Texas. Bra- zil occupies almost haif the con- tinent of south America. it borders touch ten countries--all the South American nations ex- cept Ecuador and Chile. About 50 million people live in Brazil. I-lalf are either descend ants of the original Portuguese settlers or immigrants from Italy. Spain. and Germany. One-third are mixtures of "various races. The rest are Negroes and In- dians. - t v - - - About one-half of Brazil is cov- ered with forests which yield timber. wax, nuts. rubber. and

materials (for making dyes and drugs.

There are large deposits of manganese. bauxite. salt, iron.

and low-grade cool. and some oil. gold. diamonds, silver, tungsten. uranium, chrome ore. graphite, and titanium. Much of Brazil's mineral wealth has yet to be tapped. '

About two-thirds of the people are farmers. but only four per cent of the land is used for growing crops. The rest is graz- ing land. forests, or Jungle: and deserts. Brazil is the world's leading producer of coffee and castor beans and ranks second in cocoa. Other crops include rice. cotton, wheat. sugar cane. to-

He was born on the outskirts of Florence, Italy. in 1452 and was destined to become one of her greatest contributors to the history of art and to the pro- gress of the human mlnli. Won- derfully endowed with genius as a painter, sculptor. architect. musician. scientist, mathematic- ian. engineer and man of letters. he is the one perfect example of the universal mind. Not that it was unusual for a " aissance artist to be talented in more than one field, but to be able to do so many things as well as this courtly Florentine was a marvel- even to his own age.

At fourteen years of age he was apprenticed to a careful and meticulous artist. Andrea del Ver- rocchio. In the studio of this master,,.he learned the rudiments of his profession; the prepara- tion of a panel for painting, the working up of a model for sculp- ture-in fact. the planning and execution -of all the things an artist'of that day was supposed to understand. It was the habit of careful planning that made the influence of the older man so im- portant in Leonardo's ment.

At the age of 30 he entered the service, of the Duke of Milan and remained with him as court artist for sixteen years. It was in this atmosphere that his "myr- lad-minded” genius began to dc.- velop with the many tasks he performed for his patron; build- ings. canals. fortifications. enter-

develop-

bacco. fruits. coconuts. and corn. In recent years. Brazil has been struggling to become an ' dust- rial nation and has built many new factories. Chief products are cotton goods. cement. iron and steel, drugs. and articles made of glass, rubber. paper. and leather. Brazil was discovered in 1540 by a Portuguese admiral, and for more than aoo years was ruled as a colony of Portugal. In 1822 the people proclaimed their independ- ence and invited the son of the Portuguese king to be their ruler. For the next 67 years. Brazil was governed by emperors. Since 1899, Brazil's top officials have been either presidents elected by the people or. occasionally, mil- ltary dictators. Brazil is the only country in the Western Hemi- sphere whero Portuguese is the official language.

In the summer of 1950, the Brazilian Govdrnment began a program for improving the coun- try's health. D modernizing its farms. building new power plants. and increasing the number of railroads and highways. Prea- ident Getulio Vargas has promis- ed that he will carry forward these aims. '

The program is known as the Salts Plan. The letters stand for the Portuguese words meaning health. food. transportation, and power. The Government hopes to spend more than one billion dol- lars on the Salts Plan during the next five years. i

LEONARDO DA VINCI (1452-1519)

He also studied such natural sciences as anatomy and botany; made experiments with water wings. flying machines and other devices; and generally proved himself the most advanced scien- tific mind of that age.

Admired and encouraged by the Duke and his wife. Leonardo pro- duced most of his famous paint- lngs at this time. although with the many interests and duties that crowded his life. we are not surprised to find that these did not total more than a handful.

Perhaps the most beautiful thing that Leonardo has left us from, this period of his life is the elaborate drawing known as Madonna. St Anne and Child where his softness and carefully modulated light reach their srlest heights.

8 19'" years he wandered about in the services of the fa- mous soldier, Cesare Borgia, for whom he'constr-ucted war ma- chines and made military maps.

From 1503 to 1508 Da Vincl came back to his native Florence, Wh9l'0 he Gnsaged in competition with young Michelangelo. The most famous of his works of this Period is the "Mona Lisa". per- halls the most famous portrait in existence.

In 1508 he left the city of his birth never to return. I-lis fast few years are a record of wan. derlns back and -forth across H81? that ended with his volun- tary exile in France at the court 01 thll great art -patron. Francis

talnments. sculpture and painting.

(Ambiguous) - .true. doubtful. foolish, suitable.

Foliage) -- trees. leaves. weeds. grass. .

(Mediator) - agent, clerk.

peacemakc . quarrel.

(Precocious) - . intsi. ligent. early-maturing. quarrel- some.

(Commodity) - ptoquot, occur. rence, article of trade. industry.

into two-Upper Canada. with a population wholly ,English. and Lower Canada. with a population mainly French.

2. The Government of each province was to consist of a gov- ernor, appointed by and repre- senting the King. and u leglg. lature. This body was to consist of two parts-a legislative coun- cil. the members of which were appointed by the Governor for life. and a legislative assembly.

I. whereghe died in 1519.

DRAW A LINE UNDER THE WORD MEAN1N 18 MOST NEARLY LIKE THE WHOSE G WORD WHICH IS IN BRACKETS:

MEANING OF THE (lmpetuous) - angry. lmpulg. ive. Cruel. lssy.

(Miraculous) - wonderful, nar- row. crafty. sudden.

(Alfactory)-sight. touch. .

(Turbulent) - largo. prosperous riotous.

Cln -- cunning. frank, shrewd. sweet.

smell, cute,

small.

THE CONSTITUTIONAL ACT (1791) 1. The old province was divided I

3. To 'each parliament was giv- en the power of fixing the laws for its province. and thus the vexed question of French law or English law was settled. In Up- per Canada English law was at once established, while no change was made in Lower Canada. Thus the English from this prov- ince were far from satisfied. They feared that they would have little influence in the Assembly when

Upper Canada.

elected by the people for a term of four years.

.......... -..........

the Neighbors

Crlticisus:- The keynote of the Constitu-

ly Gssrgs Clark

separated from their kinsfolk in

tional Act was separstion- and representative but not respons- ibis government. There was a missing link between the Assem- and the Legislative Council: Cabinet responsibility was ren- dered impossible through tha ex- istence of an appointed executive council independent of all except the Governor. - v The Act of 1791 gave legis- lative powers to the two prov- inces. but withheld responsible

6' - V

government. and the only ram- edy of the people. in come- quencs, when their grievances

grew acute, was the refusal which they exercised, when driven to desperation. to grant supplies. Furthermore. since the Council in Lower Canada was composed chiefly of English members. the racial problem was still to the front. while in Upper Canada a clique of off' ” ” ' known as the Family Compact. by gaining the support of the Governor. were enabled to con- trol practically the entire work of administration.

The members of the Executive were appointed by the Governors- Genersl from a select band of friends and associates. From among their friends. also they chose judges, magistrates and other officials. Thus, there grew up the closely united and secret

ouiaanm. cnaarorrsrowu if

PIN-Y

pact. This par-iv controlled Executive and Legislative Coun- cils and usually of the Governor. pendent of the Assembly. the salaries of the officials were of the Executiv -'"-'- as the proceeds from the sale of public lands. and the import duties lev- ied by the British Government The money raised by the vote of the Assembly was spent on roads. bridges and other public works. If the supply were stopped, there- foro. it was rather the people than the officials who suffered. For many years no account of expenditure of public money could be obtained from the of- ficials by the Assembly.

Thus there sprsng into exist- ence a strong opposition party called . ' who insisted that the country could not be properly governed until the peo- ple should control ths Executive, that is the Executive Council and the Governor. They demanded that the officials should be re- sponsible for their acts to the Assembly. r ' ' g their office only so long as they , ” its confidence; that they could spend no public money except by vote of the Assembly; and that they be compelled to return exact sc-

1. A man leaves his house at 9 A.M. and walks to a town at 4 miles an hour. He spends two hours in town and then walks back at 3 miles an hour. arriv- ing home at 6 P.M. How far is the town from his house?

2. If eggs are worth X cents a dozen: how many do you get for one dollar? If their price ad- vances 1 cent per doz. How many do you now get for one dollar.

3. A mixture is made of X lbs. of copper and y pounds of tin. How much per cent of the mix- ture is copper?

4. What is the number that ex- ceeds x by 896'!

5. How many tiles measuring 6 inches by 4 inches are required for the floor of a. hall b- feet broad and 3 b yards long?

6. A basket. weighing x pounds when empty, contains n pounds of apples; if b pounds of apples

This often referred to as Sun- day-Monday line and follows ap- proximately the 180th meridian, on opposite sides of which the reckoning of the date differs by one day. As one travels from west to east. standard time ad- vances one hour for each 15”; that is. each twenty-fourth of a circle of longitude about the earth. In passing completely around the earth. therefore, one gains twenty-four hours. or one complete day. As one travels from east to west it is necessary to set one's watch back one hour for each 15 degrees of longitude. In passing completely around the earth one's watch would lose twenty-four hours. Of course. re- panting a day or losing one is a matter of reckoning only. since it is impossible to actually repent or omit days. When it is Sun- day on the American side of the "International Date Line" it is Monday or one day ahead on the Asiatic side. The 180th Meridian is chosen as the one at which this change of date should be made because it is farthest from the Zero or Greenwich. meridian and because. passing near the center of the Pacific Ocean, it

months later. But visit your Austin

which add

MORE mm m. I

IN! CAR FOR CANADIA

factory-ncoeunsndsd ssrvise Canada and the U.S.A.

IIIJSTIII

Genuine Austin ports and expert.

rsodily available throughout

count of their expenditures.

AIAIEBBA

are now sold. what Is the wsigdit of the basket with the .emalnlng apples?

7. A box contains a bottles; six dozen of them hold a pint and the rest a quart each. How many pints are there altogether?

8. A man walks 40 miles in 3

two days, how far does he walk the third day?

I 9. A train travels k miles from A to C. and passes a station 3 on the way. The whole journey oc- cuples x hours. Its average speed from A to B is y miles an hour

hour. How far is A from B.

10. Two boys M. C start to- gether to run from the school to a store, 560 yards away. and back. M returning meets C 40 yards from the store and gets back to school one minute before him. How long was M absantt