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Canadian Garden Service 1950 ‘By onion Lindsay snin

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ny Gordon Lindsay Smith It’: not lust Good Luck V

''He‘s always lucky in transplant- ing things". one often hears a. comment like that in the spring or mil when trees, shrubs, vines and other things that come under the heading of nursezy stock are being planted or moved But it's not luck at all. it is merely knowing ZIOW.

There is a great variation in orlces of rose plants shrubs and .rces, and there is even a. wider mriation in quality Good healthy stock is green. pliable. moist and equipped with sound buds, but not in leaf, It is only with such stat ;hat one can be "lucky". when gurchased. good stock will be well lumllped to keep moisture and keep out the air. especially about the roots. The buyer should make sure he keeps it that way.

If not reary to plant immediat- ely .he stock should be "heeled in" '.liut is. planted in a shallow trench with soil pressed firvnly about roots

" “3iiD3" Dats

(Experimental Farm News)

some consideration was given towards releasing it new variety of ants tentatively called "sous". from the Cereal Division. Central Exper- imental Farm, in the spring of 1949 and again in 1950. Unfort1:n- ntely the seed crop to be distribut- ed both years was damaged and insufficient seed was available for this purpose. This variety had moderate resistance to both stem and crown russs and also to smut. It has good size kernels and reason- ably thin hull. The straw is classed as being moderately lodging resis- tant. It has been tested quite widely in eastern Canada and ap- pears to be best adapted to areas of the Ottawa valley where rust is most damaging. Since this var- iety lsnotentlrely istant to some of the rust races at have only recently shown increased preval- ence, and further since it may not yield as well as some other variet- ies in the absence of rust. a final decision with regard to its dis- tribution in 195-1 will await its performance in 1650. The strain oeing increased this year is not the same one that was originally grown for distribution. If this variety is released in 1951, for a particular area in Ontario. it can only be sonsldered as a stepping stone to better varieties to come.

Don’? Suffer Needlossly From IIII Torturlng Point Of

'I‘ry DOLCIN . . . 'now available in three convenient sizes. The coat. is reasonable . .. the result is prompt relief from the vain nf Arthritis. Rheumatism and Ncurlt

Than: are no unpleasant alter-elects. for DOLCIN is safe. non-toxie . . . doc not harm the heart or any other organ. Your IIHIITIIC hu DOLCIN. Get I bottle 1 and et DOLCIN help you come out In

under the shadow of win! 39"!" 0

i Itatl —l k f r the DOLOIN neon .'I.'a will: p:3km°i mo tablet: for 32.39-

2 nun. 1 t3.95—-also available in hgxiitlee of 803' table . Doloin Lin! Toronto 10. Ontario-

4

FY OUR TRUCKERS IN

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YOUR IIOGS ARE READY TO MARKET. ING IIOGS EVERY MONDAY AND TUESDAY AT:

SOURIS . BAY FORTUNE ....... ........._...... GORDON J. McEWEN

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and over the lower part of stem.

In planting permanently it is well to plant a little deeper than previously. spread roots out well. cover firmly with a fine,‘ rich soil, water well. then tramp dovin hard. A small tree or shrub usua ly needs a full pail of water and if it doesn't rain there should be more watering for the first few weeks. Trees should be tied firmly to a ‘stake for the first year. This will Rive the tiny. new roots a chance to get firmly fastened in the new location. without these fine roots the stock will die of starvation.

Can Make a... Soil

Ii‘! amazing what one can u with even the most unpromising soil. For confirmation all that is M0955”! is to look at what some city gardeners have done with the assorted blue clay mortar and broken bricks some builders have used for srading up the backyard. Almost anything will disintegrate in time and what won't can be hauled away or used for drainage. with very heavy soil and lying fairly level some drainage is need- ed. wlth large plots this can be done by installing tile drains .11. though an open ‘ditch will be a lot cheaper and may do well enough.

After this, treatment for very heavy or very light soils is about the same. The main thing is to get in plenty of humus and cultivate. Humus is simply 9. high class name for ordinary man-ure. Grass cut- tings. straw or even just green weeds and other plants. The more of this stuff that is dug in the more open and porous the soil becomes. where possible it's a good plan go grow 3 Crop of clover. full rye, oats or some rank-growing thing and dig or plow this under. Af.er a few years’ treatment even the toughest or most barren soil comes mellow and. as the o‘d tim- ers say. friable.

Next Week—what to grow Ir. special locations, and most for the money.

iiew Varieties lieed Fa'r Test

Plant breeders who are re'~pon- sible for the development and introduction of new varieties a e usually cautious in making recom- mendations on adaptability, dikrerve resistance, maturity and the like.

‘such recommendations me natur- , ally based on extensive tests [ covering different soils and climate. and they do not apply to individual isms or even local conditions I Small soil differences. lack of good drainage. low fertility. weeds and other factors may offer sufficient handicaps to the performance of a new variety to condemn it in the opinion of the grower. When new varieties are being {tried for the first time the grower must bear this in mind. for unless normal growing cond tions are p:o- vided, it ‘is not a fair test. If an unfamiliar variety is offered for sale outside the area for which it is normally recommend ‘, it is best to make inquiries from reliable _sourccs as to its origin and possible adaptability for other areas. Full- lng this, the seed should only be used at first for small scale trials.

(1 LOADING LIVE I-IOGS WE ARE IN THE MARKET FOR A LARGE QUAN- TITY OF LIVE IIOGS EACH WEEK FROM THE FARMERS ON PRINCE EDW D ISLAND.

NOTI- VICINITY WHEN LOAD-

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.. NORMAN BRUCE CLIFFORD PETERS

.. RALPH SANDERSON MICHAEL MoMILLAN

................ F. L. DOUGLAS

..... ..- CLARENCE MITCHELL ............... JOSEPH McISAA() .............................. IRVING MéDDNALD ...................... ARTHUR MlcDONALI!

.CHAS. IIMEACIIERN .WILLIAM J. MCDONALII

.......................... ALVIN McPI'IERSON

STEWART E. ADAMS LINWOOD J. MQNEILI . WILFBED CANNON VERNON McIN'.l'YRE JOSEPH MURNAGIIAN LOUIS TIERNEY

ROY CAMPBELL

.... ._.._........._ DOUG MloDONALD

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P. IIOGO A'N ADVERTISED

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Asparagus culture For Best Results

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Asparagus is cultivated for thel tender shoots that develop in the! early spring from buds borne on‘ the rhizomes. 'Ihe plant is a native of temperate regions and is best suited to sections where low; temperatures stop growth and . permit a rest period, says E. w.i Chipman of the Dominion Experi- mental staiion. Kentville. N. S.

The long time that the land is occupied by an aspazagus planta- tion makes it highly desirable that the soil be made fertile and be putI into the best physical condition: before the plants are set. one of ' the essentials is a soil well supplied with humus to encourage the exten- sive root system. The soil reac-I tion should be in the pH range‘ 6.0 to 6.8. I

The crowns for setting may be purchased from a nursery or can be home grown The latter method is perhaps the most desirable when , many crowns are needed. In g:ow- i ing the plants the seed should be soaked in water (136 F-95 F) for four or five days before seeding, and then sown in rows 2 feet apart and later thinned to 3" in the row. This should be done very early in! the spring. The plants are left in the nursery for one or two yearsi depending on their size.

In setting the piantation only large healthy crowns, which have not been allowed to wither or heat, should be selected. The crowns are: dropped every he to 24 inches in a I 7-8 inch deep furrow, and the moist’

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2 to 3 inches of soil. As cultiva- tion is practised to kill weeds. more soil is worked in about the shoots until the furrow is filled Rows are usually placed 4 to 6 feet apart.

Once a plantation has been es- tahlished it should be fertilized every year as most of the material from which the shoots are formed in the spring is stored in the fleshy roots of the crown during the pre- vious summer and fall. Thus the aim is to produce a heavy top grow- th after the cutting season is o‘ er. Before cutting. in the early s.ri:g o. 5-10--10 fertilizer at the rate of 1.503 pounds per acre could be (listed in. After cutting 30-40 pounds of available nitrogen per acre might be added.

Weed control is very importart in the asparagus plantation. This may be done by shallow cultivations or with selected weed killers such as cyanamid 2.4-D and oil sprays. .

The time eapslng belween the’ setting of the crowns and the first harvest should be at least two years. The length of cutting time of a‘ young plantation ‘can best gauged ivy the growlh of the tops in the previous season—usually two to three weeks the first season and up to eight weeks after the pants- tion is three or for: years o‘d. The variety Mary Washington is recommended for yield and because of its resistance to rust.

CHEESE AND BUTTER

At the opening of business on March '1, the stocks of creamery butter on hand in Canada amounted to 36,578,030 pounds, ac:ording to the Dominion Bureau of Stiristics. Cold storage warehouses had in store 28,301,000 pounds, while dairy factories hold 8,04-1.000 pounds. Butter in transit amounted to £0,000 pounds. 'Ihe total was higher than last year by 17.8 million pounds. The five-year average of March 1 stocks is 18,439,000 pounds. The February 1960 "out-of-storage" movement was 9 '1 million pounds as compared with a similar movement of 8.9 million pounds last year.

The total stocks of cheese on March 1, were 38,613,030 consisting of 38,206,000 , ‘ Canadian 65,000 pounds imported and 342,000 pounds in transit. The summa y total was higher than last year by 10.7 million pounds and showed an "out-of-storage” movement of

2.6 million pounds.

During 1349 there were 1.4 million head of cattle slaughtered under inspection in Canada and 3&8 thousand head of life cattle were exported to the Unitrd states. This total is 2.1 per cent below the inspected slaughter and live- stock exports of 1048, and only 8 per cent below the high record established in 1948.

Before the war Canada produced only a small part of the crin- berrles cunsumed and the prices normally followed that set in the large export region centred around Cape Cod Mass. Notwithstanding the new bogs planted and the old ones renovated. the Canadian crop still meets only a fraction of the demand.

The average value of occupied farm land in Canada for 1040 is reported by the Dominion Bureau of Statistics at no car me. This represents an increase of only 2.0 per cent over the average value in 1949 but the increase over i.hs_

Ipartlcularly for conditions prevail-

Ivariety problems for local condit- |Experimenta1 Farm. Ottawa-

are spread out and covered with]

e local conditions. Small soil differ-

Tiie Development of . liew iiai Varieties

I (Experimental Farms News) ‘

New varieties are always in de- mand either as a means of better crop insurance and higher yields or of creatlnga’ wider seed market.

In eastern Canada. several new oat varieties have been introduced during the past few years. With few exceptions these varieties have been found adapt * for limited areas only and have not spread to any extent beyond these limits- The varieties Ethan. AIM! and Beaver, however, have shown fair- ly wide adaptability and are being grown in all eastern provinces. while a variety possessing wide adaptability as regards soil and climate is favoured. the trend in variety improvement in recent years appears to be toward the develop- ment of varieties adapted more

ing in smaller areas. such a. trend will naturally increase the number of varieties but will help in solving

ions, says R. A. Derick, Central

No new oat varieties were licens- ed for sale in Canada in 1919. The introduction of several new oat varieties in the U. S. A.. particular- ly in the north central states, has created interest among Canadian growers. Most of these varieties are resistant to some of the races of stem rust to which the Com- monly grown Canadian varieties are susceptible. some of these have excellent straw. None, however. has proved superior in yidid to our own varieties in tests conducted by the experimental institutions and cannot therefore be recommended. Furthermore, during the past two years there has been a substantial increase of certain crown or leaf rust races both in the U. S. and Canada, to which these American varieties are susceptible.

The plant breeders are finding it difficult to cope with the ever- changing disease problems and as a result, newly developed hybrid strains, which might have been released are being held ’ back un- til further disease resistance can be incorporated into them.

Plant breeders who are respons- ible for the development and in- troduction of new varieties are usually cautious in making recom- mendations as regards adaptability, disease resistance, maturity. and so. forth. Such. 1 ommendations are based on extensive tests cover- ing different conditions of soil and climate, but do not always apply

individual farms or even to

cnces. lack of good drainage, low fertility, weeds or other factors may offer sufficient handicaps to the performance of a new variety to condemn it in the opinion of the grower. When new varieties are being tried for the first time by growers it is only fair to provide at least. normal growth conditions. If an unfamiliar variety is offered for sale outside the area for which it was recommended it is best to make inquiries from reliable sourc- es as to its oriain and possible adaptability for other areas. be- fore seed is purchased. except for small scale trials.

Dairying lip In New Zealaiul

Dairy production in New Zealand irL1949 set a record and this seems ll ely to continue into the present year. The first few months of the present dairy season show high pl ‘ ctionvfigures with an addi- tional 5i).000 cows in milk and an increased yield of four pounds of butterfat per head for all cows.

Creamery butter production was 162,000 tons in 1049 compared with 149,000 tons in .1048, The output of cheese was 99,400 tons in 1949, an increase of 13,600 tons over the previous year. The output of canned milk products is expected to surpass the 1948 production of 29,000. tons. On a butterfat basis the total of who million pounds in 1949 was well above the $60 million pounds in 1948. The in- creased emphasis on dairying was accompanied by some reduction in wheat acreage and a slight increase in cats and barley.

L966-30 level amounts to 06.7 per cent.

Exports of Canadian dressed beef and veal to the United States in 1919 were 95 million pounds, equivalent to about 200 thousand head of cattle. This is a gain of about the equivalent of 30 head over 1048.

The‘ world cotton crop is esti- mated at slightly less than 31 million bales of which United states grolwters produced over 16 million be es. ’

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CHARLOTTETOWN

cranberry Production‘? in Eastern ilanada

(Experimental Farms News)

Many cranberry growers in east- ern Canada report heavy losses on. their past yea.r's operations as ai result of the sudden break in prlc-I es that came in the midst of the

picking season, says E. L. Eaton, gxpgrimentai -Station. Kentville,i

1" the Dre-war years Canadai produced only a small part of the cranberries consumed and the price normally followed that set in the large export region centred around Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Notwith- standing the new bogs planted and old ones renovated, the Canadian crop still meets only a fraction of the demand.

During the war years a large‘ part of the United states crop

was processed for the armed ser-' vices with a. consequent shortage

for civilian needs. This unusual

competition between processors

and fresh fruit dealers forced pric-

es far above what would normally

be deemed a reasonable figure.

Canadian growers profited by

this turn of affairs and when cur.

rency restrictions entirely excluded

imported cranberries from Canada,

the 1943 price here was pegged

near this peak.

Meanwhile with the United States Government no longer buy- ing and sugar rationing ended. dealers and processors found themselves caught with an over- supply bought at the high prices. To complicate matters still fur- ther. favourab‘e weather, the use of newer insecticides and better care of the bogs encouraged by the high prices, all contributed to, a series of large crops. To clear] the market, prices in the United States were drastically cut in 1948 and 1949, Canadian exchange reg- ulations were cased, markets were flooded at once with high quality, attractively packed Cape Cod cran- berries and prices tumbled to the import level.

Cape Cod growers are no more happy about the situation. which is generally condeded to be netting them much less than their cost of production, than are Canadians. I_Iowever. marketing organizations are reported to be making some headway in clearing of: the sup- plus and when this is accomplish- ed a. return to more equitable price levels is expected.

The long-time picture of the cranberry industry is reiativey favourable. Population on the North American continent is increasing more rapidly than the production of cranberries and for most con- sumers this delightful fruit is still only a relish fol festive occasions. If even half of our housewives would add a pound of our present low-priced cranberries to the reg-

Lawlis Respond To Simple care

Proper care of a grass lawn is most important in maintaining its appearance and prolonged its life. Four main operations have been ifsed with extremely favourable results at the Experimexital Station.

Lethbridge, Alta... suys W. E. Torfason. '

Frequent mowing of the lawn is necessary in spring and early

summer when the lawn is growing rapidly, but as growth slows clown

dry weather and in autumn. mowing can be reduced. Ifihe lawn is mowed often enough, clippings need not be gathered as they willsettle and form a light mulch around the grass czowus. later they break down to add organic matter to the soil. The

Ilawn should go into the winter

with a. of grass. Proper watering of lawns is most important and brings stronger. deeper rooted turf. Light sprink- ling. as done by most home owners, is of little use as only the upper layer Of soil is moistened and the growth of surface feeding l00IS In stimulated. In periods when the lawn is not watered. this layer becomes dry and the plants suffer. It is far better to u-ator less frequently. but to give the soil is thorough soaking on each occasion. The plants then are not dependent on surface moisture and will with- stand the hot sun and dry weather. Fertility is often overlooked. Fertility can be maintained by applications of well rotted harn- yard manure. or commercial fcrlli— izers. as top dressings. Manure dressing has been used with good success in the past but is gl'f1dl~ ally being displaced by commerc ui fertilizers, Manure is npplicd late in the fall. and is raked into the turf or removed in the S:”l‘liW.{_'. Commercial fertilizers are usually applied in the spring of the ycar but may be applied in the autumn. The correct mixture of commercial fertilizer will vary from one area to another, but since nitrogen pro- motes vegetativc gl‘0\\’ih, a high nitrogen fertilizer is suzgcsicd. Weeds must be contrniiecl order to have a lawn of sand appearance. In new lawns, weeds should not be permitted to go to seed. This can be done by f1'cq‘.‘cnt mowings. A good vigorous turf, obtained by proper watering and fertilization, will serve to check weed growth. In lawns which are well established perennial weeds such as dandeilons and plantain are often troublesome. Those ntay be C0!1tl‘0l1Ed by spraying with 2,4-D at rates and concentrations prescribed by the nlanufzicturcrs. Spraying is most effective in the spring when the weeds are in their most vigorous stage of growth.