T

Suitable For H

OTTAWA —— Dwarf fruit trees be restricted to a six to eight .. M height and are suitable for . fiehome garden. They will even- many require a circular area of ‘bout ten feet. According to my and Spangelo of the Cen- ‘M1 Experimental Farm, a well Wm six-year-old Mclntosh tree ,1, Malling IX roots should pro- * duce a half bushel of apples, but, .my say much will depend on a.» good pr uni n g, fertilizing and fmraying. Only varieties recom- ~ mended for your district, should - be selected.

-, The old method of dwarfing * fruit trees is drastic pruning, lloiticultural research has pro-

vided the modern gardeners with

trees that remain dwarfed and c this is accomplished by the use ' of dwarfing rootstocks.

L lt00TST.0CKS

The Malling {X rootstock is the . ost suitable for apples. Al- ; though this rootstock is some- times injured by severe winter " conditions it is recommended in ; all districts where apples are commonly grown.

r’ The Angers quince rootstock is it Iuitable for pears. This rootstock is not as hardy as the Malling ~ IX apple stock and therefore can be recommended only in those nidistricts where commercial pear ~ varieties are grown.

P_lums can be dwarfed by pro- . pagatlng certain varieties on Pru-

Dwarf Fruit Trees Are

ome Garden

nus besseyi. This rootstock and Prunus tomentosa. are suitable for dwarfing peaches. The graft union should be placed above the soil level at planting time. Trees will not remain dwarfed if this is not done. It is well to remem- ber that dwa-rf trees are shallow rooted a11d require staking. Trees should be tied to angle iron, strong wooden posts, or a wire trellis.

PRUNING

Much more detailed pruning is necessary for a dwarf tree than for a standard tree. The top third of the tree should be removed a-t planting time so that lateral bran- ches will develope. Thereafter annual pruning should be carried out in early spring. Develop the tree with six main lateral bran- ches with the first one no farther t h a n twelve inches from t h e ground. »

Dwarf fruit trees will require an annual appplica.-tion of fertiliz- er. A complete fentil«izer fairly high in nitrogen such as a 10-5-10 should be applied in the spring when the young leaves first ap- pear. The amount to apply will depend on soil fertility but a gen- e r al recommendation is one pound for each inch of truck dia- meter.

Dwarf trees are easily protect- ed from troublesome insects and diseases by the use of a hand- sprayer. Spray materials are rea- dily available.

Fences Of Yesteryear Were

{Very Different

The idea of fencing land pro- sbably developed from the earlier «lays when the different tribes gbui-It stockades or walls to pro- ;;tect their homes, encampments, downs and cities from enemies. .. Ffences are a very ancient de- . ‘caused either to protect pro- . rty from marauding animals or iestrain one’s own from wand- . ins the homestead. The arious types of fences that have ten used in this country indicate .. eisteady development of our

In clearing-land, it was nec- «. Sdry to rid it of stumps and : lies. and, by placing these one the boundaries, a double ‘ se was served. The earliest , ences were often made of stumps :3 l’ of them were old pine ~ 3{flilil<es’,’ that had remained

not one interlocked with ano- . ‘3 Would stop any animal, and ipeuple would go a long way ..a and rather than try to get ~ 6 them.

Tile few stump fences that re- ~'- T1} Was sometimes spoken of i lllcillresque by our visitors, but i Common expression formerly

Y_931‘S. over ll b‘ d , °ha”‘P1°11 3 year find. we S

Qvenr the

. mid‘ necordsllllgl success.

9 are g;°“d of the many Cd contributed towand the Q; & U.S.

- Spai Dle annual A ‘ ~ Q . gricultuial

.“a“11an and Patriot.

5». h

u

05 1958 is one of

BUNBURY FARMS

(Home of the Abegweilsl

3*-f4g‘weit Milady, world's champion butter fat producer

Past 40 years “Abegweit Holsteins have achieved Our achievements include two World . ore than 50 records of 10000 butterfat and over‘.

-wen 33 numerous Can. championship records for both ‘Wk and fat.

Proud of our show ring record and particularly “Abegweit sires that have gone forth

Holstein Herds. as well as. a few herds in Eng- n. Venezuela, Peru, Colombia and Argelltillrl 1‘? 3Sl11‘e for us to contribute toward the making of edition

0 came and pay us a visit. “The Latch String is always out.”

Than Todays

used was: “As homely as a stump - fence.” Th-ese-old dry pine stump fences have lasted for genera- tions. ‘

LOGS USED .

Log fences. were used when trees were more or less an enemy of the farmer, who, when be cleared his land had no other use for many of the trees then to lay them in a fence end to end in a straight line, with short cross pieces between each tier, ’and unless the ends of the first tier were placed on flat stones, the lower logs soon decayed. RAIL FENCES ' . ‘ .

One of the earliest memories of the farm was the hauling of “var longers” from the woods to repair and build an endless num- ber of fences. “Var" and “long-, ers” are colloquial names form- erly used quitegenerally on the Island. “Var is the rapidly grow- ing balsam fir, whose wood 15 generally considered of little val- ue, except for light lumber and fir slieatliing.

It is a short-lived soft wood, very subject to disease and wood borers.

~‘Longers” are known else - where as poles or rails, and were about five inches in dia-

all ages; also Holstein world

building of many other top of the Charlottetown

B. B. JONES our greatest. We invite all i ~

APIARY AT UPTON, E XPERIMENTAL FARM

pickets used to, in position.

ZIG ZAG TYPE

each turn in teh

STONE FENCES

of most farm animals.

hills, resultezg

DYKE FENCES

aries of their farms.

openings for gates.

to its height.

hedge.

meter and 1» sixteen and once-half feet long. The name probably or- iginated in building fences, be- cause they were longer than the anchor the fence

Rail fences were contructed in many dil"fe<rent styles. The stake- and rider snake fence being one of the earliest when woodfencing materials -were abudnant “every- where. These zig-zagged along a strip of land from six to eight- feet wide with the longers or rails lapping over abou-t twelve inches where they lay across each other at every turn in the snake fence. Most of these fences were six or seven‘ longers high, with pick- ets about one and a half inches in diameter and eight feet long driven well into‘ the ground about eighteen inches on either side of snake fence, where they formed an X that held the rider ortop lvougeir and acted as braces to strengthen the fence.

Stone fences, because of their durability, were often used on the line between neighbors. When stones were carefully selected and properly laid, stone fences were erected that have with - stood the, elements for centuries, and with the exception of goats have restrained the wanderings

The original blazing of a line for a fence between neighbors, through the woods and over the ithout instruments, often in some deviation to the right or left of the correct line.

Throughout many districts in Prince Edward Island, the early settlers constructed many eartli and stone dykes, largely along highways, and about the bound- Some of these were over a mile long, with

They were usually constructed with sods and layers of clay be- tween well set up layers of uni- formly sized stones. There would be three or more tiers of stones in the dyke. Most of these dylkes had a ditch on one or either side of the dyke from which the sods and clay had been taken, adding

They were seldom high enough to stop sheep or breachy live stock, unless a few rails were built along the top of the dyke, or trees planted there to form a

’ ‘A pair of rats left to breed un-

First Set Of ’ Floor Prices Under New Act

The first set of prices establish- ed under the Agricultural Stabili- zation Act include mandatory floor prices for six of the nine key commodities named in the act and guaranteed yearly prices for three commodities. butter, hogs and wool. Prices have been set by the Government following recommendations made by the Advisory Committee and the Agricultural Stabilization Board.

Guaranteed yearly prices, which may be called the working support prices, include a Federal Government agreement to pur- chase Canada First Grade ‘crea- mery butter at a price of 64 cents per pound effective May 1, 1958

propriate price and market dif- ferentials for other markets and butterfat in other forms which the Board may specify. This is approximately 107 per cent of the base price, i. e. the average price for the last 10 years. The previous support price on butter was 58 cents.

The working price support for hogs‘to be in effect for the next year effective April 1, 1958, is $25.00 per 100 lb. for warm dress- ed weight from Grade A carcas- ses basis Toronto with appro- priate differentials _for o t h e r_ p u b l i c stockyards throughout Canada as may be establish- ed by the Board. This is approximately 84 per cent of the base price. The previous support price for hogs was 23 cents.

WOOL PAYMENTS

The price of wool will be sup- -ported by deficiency payment at the level of 60 cents per pound for» wool grading Western Range Choice 58-60’s, half blood staple, F.O.B. Toronto, and appropriate rates for all other grades except Rejects. This will be effecive from April 1, 1958, to March 31, 1959, and is approximately 110 per cent of the base price, which of 54 1-2 cents per pound for sheep’s wool. In the past no sup- port price was in effect for wool..

Mandatory floor prices establi- shed for six of the nine key com- modities named in the Act are at 80 per .cent of base price, which is the average price during the last ten years. The base prices and the mandatory 80 per cent floor prices for these six commo- dities are shown inthe following table. They will be effective from April 1, 1958, to March 31, 1959.

Cattle Base P‘rice,100 per cent $21.80 cwtl Mandatory 80 per cent- $17.50 (Toronto).

Hogs (Grade A. dressed ear- cass) Base Price 100. per cent 29.70” Mandatory 80 per cent 23- 75 (Toronto)

Butter (First Grade) Base Price 100 per cent .60 lb. Manda- tory 80 per cent .48 (Montreal).

Cheese (First Grade Cheddar) Base Price .100 per cent‘ .31 lb. Mandatory 80 per cent .25 (Ont- ario) .

Eggs (A Grade Large) Base Price 100 per cent .52 doz. Manda- tory 80 per cent .42 (Montreal).

Lamb (Good) Base Price -100 per cent 24.45 cwt. Mandatory 80 per cent 19.55 (Toronto).

Prices on other markets will be at appropriate differentials.

Mr. Harkness said that due to the difficulty of securing suffi- cient statistical da‘" -the men- d “.0 per cent i pri :33 - v. . oats and bai.-y not c; :- ing under the Canadian Wheat Board will not be available until following the next meeting of the Advisory Committee to be held in the near future.

Mr- Harkness said that “the Advisory Committee will be meeting shortly to consider ap- plications for guaranteed yearly prices on other commodities.”

Your ganden soil is hungry for leaf mould and persons can start conservation right at home.

molested may m»ultip«ly to a ttoal of 800 rats within a year. ’

Lea/ves contain organic matter, nitrogen. ‘

basis delivery Montreal with ap--

The Provinces of New Bruns- wick and Prince Edward Island have co-operated and worked_to- gether on their Artificial Breed- ing Programme in cattle. The Province of Nova Scotia has de- veloped their own breeding pro- gramme with their bull battery located just outside of Truro.

Several meetings have been held during the last two years to discuss the possibility of es- tablishing one unit for the three Maritime Provinces. It is felt that this would be more pract- ical and be of greater benefit to all the cattle owners within the

an opportunity to operate at a lower cost and develop more ef- ficient Sire Selection. . Various sub committees of the group have been established to look into all aspects of such an operation. It is evident from the report of the transportation com- mittee that if a Maritime A.l. unit was established irregardless to the location of the bull battery it would only be practicable to operate on a frozen semen basis. With the more recent develop-

charge that fanmers"a.re al-ways asking -for help, Dairy Farmers of Canada, the national produc- ers’ organization, points to the three million dollars of their own m-oney that farmers have put into advertising during the past eight years. Officials of the producer organization explain that it has cost farmers, who have partici- pated, an average of about 30 cents per cow per year to play an important part in keeping their milk and milk products before the consumer. If all dairy farmers had participated in the program, which is financed by a set-aside deduction of a cent-a-pound on butterfat marketed during the mouth of June, about five mil- lion" dollars would have been a- vailable for advertisi-ng during the last eight years. Producers in various parts of Canada who have been supporters of the pro- gram have recomirnended in re- cent years that‘the basis of set- aside be increased .so that Pro‘ motion might be stepped up- PAYS OFF ‘ ,

Moving on to the‘ solid accom- plishments of their national-ad- vertising and promotion program Erle Kitchen said that the pro- gram has had a subsidiary 9f‘ feet in helping to weld together the 36 member producer groups which go to make up -Dairy,Far- mers of Canada, of which he is secretary-«manager. He felt the adventising program was a con- tinuing, tangible projeqt which was paying oflf for the dairy far- mer and the industry at large.

O.J.W. Shugg, who has been ad- ministrator of the advertising r‘ ' “ram for D ' I I*‘arm:=.'s since i ; i'=";c1ttir.~11, felt that -the real worth of the program has been that it had acted as a gad-fly in the field of dairy promotion. Be- clause of the activities of the pro- gram, more people‘ in Canada were dairy foods conscious than ever before; more dairy firms were doing more promotion; .more producer groups were‘ holding more dairy exhibits; more con- sumers were writing in for dairy .recipes; more newspapers, radio stations and food stores were run- ning more dairy promotions; and fin'ally,,because of all this activity, consumers were_maip-

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three Provinces. It would present .

A. I. Breeding Growth Noted

ment in freezing techniques this would be a practical venture. The committee is still conducting its deliberations and investigations.

Ken Walker is artificial insem- inator for the East Prince Artifi-

cial Breeding Club.

W

Dairy Farmers’ Promotion Pays

In commenting on the’

taing, and in many cases increas- ing, their interest in dairy foods in spite of tremendous competi- tive pressure for their food dol- lars. The fact that more than 4,000 of the largest food stores in Canada would participate in the June is Dairy Month promotion this year was the best kind of evidence of the potency of the program, Mr. Shug-g concluded.

NEED PROMOTION

W.B. Rettie, an activeldairy farmer as well as president of

Dairy Farmers, Canada, thought

the population trend indicated that for a long time to come the promotion of dairy foods would be a “must" if farmens were to keep their share of the domestic market. In a message to the in- dividual niemlbers of his organi- zation in which he asked for their support in the 1958 June adver- tising set-aside, he said that the producer program was soundly based, and that this was the in- dividual farmer’s opportunity to invest in the preservation of his future market.,

What Mr. Rettie was referring -to specifically. was the 1956 cen\ sus which showed 40 per cent of the Canadian population to be 20 years old, or younger. Part of the job of the Dairy Farmers ad- vertising program was to keep reminding these young people of- the nutritional and money values so that they would form a life- time habit of using dairy foods. New householdsbeing established at the rate of 160,000 a year, were realities dairy farmers could not overlook? since the domestic market had become the market vital to the Canadian daipy in- .dustry.

lightish loam Best For Garden

The ideal garden is one that slopes a little towards the south or east and the soil is a lightish loam and full of humus. It soaks up the water easily and is dry enough to work within a few hours after a heavy rain.

Now such an ideal will not al- ways be found where one wants it, but it is surprising how the most unpromising l=ocation can be improved. Even if the soil is Very heavy, wet, stickly clay and as flat as a pancake, with a little patience and planning it can be turned into a fair garden. It may be necessary and profitable to have it tile drained so that it will get rid of surface water. quickly. In lTlOtSt casesa few open drains, or merely a furrow or two, will be sufficient. Both heavy and/light soil too will be vastly improved by digging or plowing in manure and green materials like a cover crop of oats, peas, rye or clover’. -A good crop of weeds will help if dug under. All waste matter like pea pods, car- rot tops, or corn stalks, should be saved and dug in or piled up just in a compost heap to rot and then spread over the garden. The rotted vegetable refuse dug in adds what is technically known 35 humus. D-uts some body into the soil so it will hold moisture better. ‘

With about 15 per cent of the world's sheep, A~ustralia produces

do not produce as ma sgeyng,

These factors tend the cost of egg production.

sentatives of dual-cpurpose

Agriculture, Fredericton, between a well

eggs mroe up to 500 days of age. Feed conversion figures are not

is known that the large broiler stnain New Hamplsliiire require more feed for maintenance than smaller birds. Tests in -the United States show that it meq-uires, on

25 per cent of the WO1‘dd’=s w.oo1_

ENM1iN'S .

geant’s.

medies.

SUMMERSIDE '

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We carry a large stock of well known animal remedies such as:-— Daniels: Lorraines: Bells: N-ixon‘s: Ayerst’s: Lederlez Cooper’s: Ser-

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I

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1 4 e a_a !

1,-‘e e e to

I O 0 Q Q 9

Commercial egg p r o d u c tion from a bnoiler strain of pu-llets is not likely to be pr-bfitaibile unless a market is available at a lbnoiler hatchery for a large proportion of the eggs. Broiler strains have been developed to produce rapid growing chicks '/'.' d:esira"bl»e con- .formation but, as a rule, they

do not produce as many eggs a dual-purpose or egg sitrainis. In addition, adult birds of broiler strains usually are large in size. to increase

“To gain information on the egg production possibilities or repre- and broiler strains, egg records were compared at ihe Experimental Farm, Canada Department of N.B., known broiler strain of New H'Htn‘1pSlI‘eS and a dual-purpose strain of Barred Rocks. On a survivor basis, the Barred Rocks laid Zlteggs more per bird than the brociller strain up to 336 days of age and 36

available on these. birds but it

Guardian - Patriot — Tuesday, May 20, 1958, Page 11B

Broiler Pullets‘ Not Good Layers

of feed to prouce a dozen egg-5 fnom broiler stnains.

Therefore, in order for ‘P1111955 from a good broiler strain to be as profltaxble in the laying P9115 as those from a good egg P1‘0' duction strain, a substantial DYE‘ mii-um would have to be Pa1d_f01' hatching eggs from the broiler strain. The higher market value of the broiler strain carcass ta the end of the laying period would only p-Emily 0:0‘/‘GP t_h9 higher cost of rearing and main- ‘benvance. -

‘MUST CONTROL wnaos

Since cabbage demands mucll moi-st-ure for rapid development, it is necessary to control weeds and form a surface mulch by thoroiigh, but shallow, cultiva- iton. Great care must be exer-

tihe roots, many of which may cross between the rows, within two inches of the soil surface. Especially, avoid deep cultiva- tion close to the plant. Hrad- weeding or hoeing is usually necessary to destroy weed growth beteen the plants in the row. (There are no recommended chemical weed-killers for the cabbage family.) All cultivation should cease when it is impos-

Charlottetown .

. I Fortune Bridge

. . . . O’lLeary

sible tocutl-tivate‘ without dam-

the average, over eight pou=nds3g’i‘18 P131“ W95-

1

P. E.I.

, it

Montague

Crapaucl Summersicle

Elmsdale F

I

Hunter River

cised to prevent destruction of.