4
.
“on “any case, the Wheels of justice ™
=——
¢Eichmann.”
The Guardian |
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7 Member Audit Bureau of Circulation : PAGE 4 SATURDAY, AUGUST 21, 1965.
A Colossal Task
As criminal proceedings go, the trial of Nazi agents for their part in thousarids of deaths at Hitler's Ausch- witz extermination camp, concluded Thursday. in Frankfurt, West Ger- many, was a record-breaking affair in many ways. It was the biggest, longest and costliest of all the trials of 80,000 Nazi criminals which began shortly after the Hitler tyranny was crushed two decades ago. It has con- victed and sentenced 17 of the 6,000" SS (Elite Guard) men who made the ° Nazis’ most infamous death camp run with terrifying efficiency from 1941 to-1945. 20 were on trial at this time.
Next to the Adolph Eichmann case in Jerusalem and the 1946 inter- national tribunal in Nurenburg which tried Hermann Goering and 20 other top ranking Nazi leaders. the Ausch- witz’case is regarded as the most im- | portant in war crimes prosecution. | And. unlike the others, it was ex- clusively a German, production. The | marathon hearing ‘started one year | ago and was in session—two or three | times each week—-for 181 days. 359 |
er
e arr al rovtes and # @a8
witnesses testified, and the evidence fied 88 volumes. >
= One of the questions raised by the proceedings was whether a fair trial could. be -held_ 20 to 25_years . after the act. In the long dispute ovér the extension of the statute of of"limitation this was a matter that bothered many responsible-minded citizens. But not Erwin Schule, head of the Central Agency for the Inves- tigation of Nazi Crimes in Ludwigs- burg, who is quoted as saying: “There . aré too many in this country who say ‘our Goethe’ and ‘our Beethoven,’ but refer to ‘that Eichmann.’ The: trials may help them to realize it is our Goethe, our Beethoven and our
’
se eee
'. The point was made still more plainly by Dr. Hans Joachim Keug- ler, deputy prosecutor of the Ausch- witz case, who said recently: “I am not particularly interested in whether~ eaeh defendant is sentenced to 12, 15 years or life. The punishment cannot fit. the crime anyway. For me, the important thing is that this trial, and the ones-to come have an educational
effect on the German people. If they -
learn from all this, the effect will have been worthwhile.”
Opinions in West Germany, how- -ever, are devided on this issue. Though nearly 20,000 visitors—most- ly young people—have sat in the gal- lery and watched trial proceedings,
surveys are said-to indicate that only |
60 per cent of adult Germans knew
_-_/_ it was being held and more than half
were against it. Except for the early— ‘months and occasional days of testi- mony, the trial has been reported in- adequately by the German press. -
have been slowly turning, and the end
. i by no means in sight.
Out Of The Red
News came from Ottawa recently
: the effect that the Unemployment
*
tne. mee
.
ance Fund, which had been regularly dipping |
a cautious upward climb. At
end:of June it held $38 million (compared with a deficit of $15.7 mil- lioh at the same time last year), and it is hoped that by the yearend the fund may have passed $100 million.
But the recommendations of the
7 Royal Commission on Unemployment
«ae es eee ome ee oe
oe IIE A eet wl
i
Insurance still remain unimplement- ed, and there is reason to assume that, before even a slight recession, the fund will again vanish into thin air. At one time, back-in 1958, it had stood at $900 niillion. That vanished, and a number of hefty government loans went after it. Nothing has been done to the structure of Unemploy- ment Insurance to correct the faults which ‘produced these effects. and which will do so again unless the system is changed.
The Commission would have in- +
sured against this by divorcing wel- | fare from insurance costs. All Cana* | dian workers—not just the lowest paid who are most prone to unemploy- ment—would have -been required to pay insurance on a portion of their
|
income, witha like contribution from their employers. This part of the program was to be straight insurance, entirely supported by workers and | their empfoyers, and providing bene- fits for-a-maximum cf 26 weeks of unemployment. | Unemployment extending beyond | this period. tie Commission reasoned, began to involve an element of wel- fare, the burden of which should be | borne by the whole of society. It proposed that at this stage a new plan take over, paid for out of fed- eral taxes, which would provide bene- - fits without a means test for a fur- ther maximum of 39 weeks. Beyond the total of 65 weeks, the Commis-
‘sion held that unemployment became
a welfare problem entirely and should be handled as such, on a means test, with allowances being provided by the provinces and Ottawa on a 50-50 basis. a As the Toronto Globe and Mail notes in this connection, there were some flaws in the Commission’s pro- posals—the exclusion of farm work-
-ers from the plan, for example—but
| onto contemporary says, should be
| trade” between the two countries.
in general outline it was sound, and could have provided Canadians with a stable Unemployment Insurance- welfare structure calculated to with- stand great stress. Three years have been lost in implementing it, despite | the fact that each new session of Par- | liament has been promised legislative action. | Now that the fund is beginning to put on flesh again, we may expect that the Government will let it go at that. This is not sound policy—the good times now with us, as our Tor-
employed to build up a fund that can finance bad times—-but it is likely to be regarded: as politically expedient.
Cleaning Up Erie | What may develop as a giant pilot test “of the effort to clean up the Great Lakes may result from a five- state conference on. Lake Erie. Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Pennsylvania and New York, as well as U.S. federal agencies, participated in the meet- ings, at which a tentative construc- tion program was agreed upon. Action to cut off the flood of con- tamination pouring into the lake is | scheduled to begin showing measure- able results within four years.. The undertaking covers remedial action against both domestic sewage and in- | dustrial pollution. : Although for some reason Canada was not invited to attend the confer “ence, it has a vital stake in the pro- | ceedings. Ontario owns over 200 miles of Erie shoreline, for one thing. | And there is no doubt as to the need | for -action, in the interests of both | countries. Detroit alone dumps 1.5 billion gallons of waste each day into | Detroit River, which carries it into’ |
' Lake Erie, making the river a.giant
sewer. Two-thirds of the waste comes. |
from manufacturing processes. = Soviet Trade Imbalance The Russian trade delegation in
Winnipeg last week took’ advantage
of the announcement of the 187 mil- | ‘lion bushel wheat sale to their coun-
| ~try to press for larger Canadian pur-
chases in the Soviet Union. And, as the Winnipeg Free Press remarks, the’ |
_Soviet delegates had statistics on their
side.
Trade is, theoretically at least, a two-way street: The Jarge wheat sale madeto Russia -in-4963-was part of a, three-year trade agreement between Canada and the Soviet Union.. Thea agreement_expires_next April. When _. the 1963 wheat sale was made, the ‘Soviet _minister’'who signed for his country said that the treaty was “a good basis for the development of
‘worth
THE 1966 MODEL YEAR
Safety To Be Preferred Above Glamor
In a few months, Canadian au- tomobile manufacturers mark the beginning of the 1966 model year. According to indus- try. leaks, 1966 will “be, in: the verancular of the trade. the year of the stylist. The Canad- ian automobile buyer can expect ‘more glamor, more creature comfort and more power.
On all Ontario-built automo- biles, he can also expect $75 of safety features as standard equipment... The, new safety package is nof an: offer- ing to the buyer—-manufactur-
ers claim that safety does not’
sell cars— but a concession to
“growing government concern. in
Canada and the United States about ‘the rising human toll in traffic accidents.
Statistics recently released by thé Ontario Safety League indi- cate that 9.2 Canadians were killed for every 100 million miles driven on the nation’s roads in 1964. The rate was 5.7 in the United States.
BOUND TO HAPPEN : Accidents are bound to hap- pen ,‘in North America acci- dent& of. all kinds rank third, ’af- ter cancer and heart diseases. among the causes of death); but is the heavy loss of life on the
| highways as a result of traffic
accidents inevitable? ment experts and private” re- searchers in Canada and_ the United States are ‘not convinced. Recently, they have turned their attention. to the design of safer automobiles’ as one answer to the problem. / The automobile manufacghr ers, however, have been s6me- what less enthusiastic about safety— design. _They—recalt- the
Goyern-
| Ford Motor Company's” ill-fated
safety design campaign in-1956, a year in which Ford promoted _ Seat belts, safety-dished steer- ing wheels and padded dash- boards while the competition won the day with. more “chrome, more carpet and more —horse- power.
Often the industry argues that its first obligation is to satisfy consumer-demands~and~that;in
PUBLIC FORUM
will,
Toronto Globe And Mail
any event, today’s cars are safe; it is drivers, not their cars, ’ that cause accidents.
THE OTHER, FACTORS
That’ is-really~ only half the story. While people in automob- iles cause-accidents, it’is the vehicle itself that invariably in- jures them
Independent studies in the United States have shown that conventional automobile designs ‘could be converted to minimize the risk of fatal injury to their occupants. Included in their saf- ety recommendations are: re- cessed door handles and-window controls: a fully collapsible
design, or no steering’ wheel all (level controls mended) ;
at
wrap- around bump-
are recom-
‘include »18 safety features as | | Standard equipment cars*in 1967. Congress has made |
ers with energy- absorbing pad-
ding, or a shock- absorbing. hy- cnn te caeeeeal lege winmeieas
flat-heeled sandals for years. Is ©
draulic mechanism; a periscope instead of a rear-view mirror; padded . cockpit _ inste conventional instrument opposite front seat passengers; rollover bar; a centrally located driver's seat.
Under increasing congression- al fire, manufacturers are expected to
on their
Lit clear that if the manufactur-
ers do not voluntarily attempt. to build: safer cars, legislation
| will be passed to force them to steering wheel with deep dish |
do so.
This ought to be the attitude of provincial governments in Canada. ;
Losing Points At Geneva
By Carl Molling Canadian Press Staff Writer
The Western powers appear to have bumbled inthe propa- ganda charade that attempts to pass for disarmament negotia-. tions in Geneva,
The Communists seem to be scoring points in the game by default. The West left itself so
wide open with its belated and |
half-hearted presentation this
week of a plan to prevent the’
spread of niiclear weapons that
~the. Russians - did not....feel obliged to shoot it down at once.
Veteran Soviet chief delegate
‘“coSemyon Tsarapkin was content
at first simply to ask a couple of quietly embarrassing _ques- tions: __ Would the -Western—-plan— pro- “vide a watertight guarantee against a country getting access to nuclear weapons through any Atlantic pact nuclear force? Would the plan exclude crea- tion of a multilateral Nuclear Force if which West Germany would participate? “AWKWARD POSITION The answer to both questions
say in detail. But the Western
powers—the United States, Brit-~
ain, Canada and Italy—couldn’t agree on what to say. While the West stalled for time, the Communists sat back taking propaganda potshots -at the irany of the United States call- ing for disarmament at.a time when it was building up its army in Viet Nam.° Tsarapkin could afford to adopt.the attitude of a cat_play- ing with a mouse after the U.S. draft plan was presented Tues- day because the British were doing his heavy work for him.
BRITISH VIEW Lord Chalfont, chief British delegate, expressed his reserva-
instead of the | panel »
American automobile |
Problems Of Pacemakers
| By Dr. Theadore R. Van Delien
The ing us pacemakers that sti te stubborn hearts are being improved constantly. The unit is inserted under the skin of the abdomen and con- nected to the heart with wires. The wire electrodes, made of the new alloy, Elgiloy, resist de- terioration and add to the long- term use of the device
The batteries, the weakest link, may last for years, but their life is variable and some. cease to function earlier than anticipated. - This occurred in five of 349 implants, a sma!!-per- centage but serious when the in- dividual is far away from the hospital.
Research in organ transplants and artificial substitutes is a fast-moving - field full of imrlied promise that will create future problems. When there is pro- gress in a certain field, we tend to fonget what the was like When a man’s life is prolonged with an electrical rt beat sti- mulator, he lives fin constant
ures bring criticjém to the phy- sician for not maintaining the instrument ‘in peak condition. This-is anticipated as _we—utilize gadgets to keep people alive.
Modern medicine is creating semi-artificial persons. Eye- glasses help him see and hear- dng aids reopen the world of sound. He can chéw with his false teeth and is able to obtain a lifelike prosthesis when an ex- tremity is lost. There are false noes, ears, eyelashes, and nails; wigs are available for | those who want a different coif- fure or to hide a bald spot.
But these are minor accom- plishments compared with trans- planting corneas, by-passing ob- structed arteries Dacron tubes, kidney trans- plants, and the use of artificial | internal organs. My “only” con- cern is that we may lose our perspective and in time concen- trate on prolonging death, in- Stead of life
SANDALS F. H. writes: A shoe salesman toki me the feet never will re-
this true? I have done this for a
long time because-I- have. troub-
| le being fitted with closed | shoes.
j
REPLY Your feet may be normal | now, despite the remark of the | salesman. The inhabitants of< many agricultural countries— including Mexico—wear flat- | heeled sandals all their life and | they have good feet ULCER__IN.. CHILDHOOD | Mrs. G. westes: Could a six: | year-old boy have a duodenal | ulcer? “ ' RNPLY Yes,. the medical profession is becoming increasingly -aware that bizarre abdominal pain in children may be due to peptic ulcer. ©
=<
with knitted |
The best preserved men never allow
Post.
Jones: ‘Why do you keep that ugly parrot?’ Smith: ‘Because I like to hear it talk. It is the only creature gifted with the “powem,of speech that is content to nanos just. what™ it eo without embroidering it into a fancy story.""—Hamilton Spec-
tator.
themselves to be- | come pickled. — Regina Leader |
NOTES BY THE WAY
| Our forefathers ran a farm with less machinery than we use to keep up a lawn. — Wittenberg Enterprise
| It doesn’t do any good to tell your kids that you used to have to walk three - quarters of a mile’ to school.’ They promptly _ point out’to you that it’s at least that far from the far end of the school parking lot to the school | door. — Spara Herald.
’ Success For Johnson
Montreal
The signing into law of the American civil rights voting bill by President Johnson is indeed an historic event. This is per- haps-the most important bill to be enacted since Mr. Johnson came to office. That it has pass- ed is a tribute not only to the American conscience, but also
to the immense political skill of
k the President:
"Our Yesterdays
Gazette
Whatever reservations may be felt about some aspects of Presi- ‘dent Johnson's policies, his campaign for civil rights has been, in terms of politics, & work of art. It is often said that politics is the art of the possib- le, it might better be said that it is the art of making the ap parently impossible possible. This is what Mr. Johnson did with the civil rights; voting bill;
Passage is, however, only the first step. And it could turn out to be the least important step If
‘some of the southern states do
(From The Guardian Files)
TWENTY - FIVE YEARS. AGO { (August 21, 1940) Théusands of Charlottetown citizens gathered at the Railway Station last night to welcome 25 evacuee children who arrived | > here-on-the early train. Such was the interest in the arrival of the - children that the largest turnout of citizens ever seen here was present when they disembarked. :
| }
Nazi news and “ propaganda commentary, Dienst and Dent- | schland, claimed that ‘“‘range- | finding and practice shelling’ indicated that battery positions have been completed along the coast of France for cross-chan- nel shelling of Britain: "Ger- many now has-a-weapon-to-con-
.. trol the channel'’, the commen-
tary boasted.
TEN YEARS AGO (August 21, 1955)
A memoria! plaque in honour of Hon. David Laird was unveil- ed-at-New-Glasgow, P.E.I. The speaker was Mr. Justice Wilfred Estey of the Supreme Court- of Canada... The __ memorial, __a bronze tablet, was unveiled by His Honour Lieutenant Govern- ° or T.W.L.- Prowse.
eee Pie
-Princess Margaret limped into
. their utmost
to ° frustrate the bill's implementattfon.
Hence, Mr. Johnson's triumph over one obstacle leads him to another no less formidable. He must enforce the bill; if it is not enforced, he will be blamed
Justice for the .Negro people of the United States has been long delayed. It is still, in many cases, being granted only with reluctance. And’ what has been done is only a fragment of what
| needs to be done
Still, at tast the path won leads upward. If, from now on, a large increase takes place in the number of Negroes who are able to vote, this will be anhis- toric victory for the principles to which American society is supposed to be dedicated.
SOMETHING To imnx About...
If your furnace is over 10 years ~ old, you may be money ahead to give it a good, close look!
HERE'S WHY: The usua: ‘hie eapectancy” of ordinary iurnaces is about 10 © years. BUT EVEN MORE IMPORTANT
There have been so many .won-' © deriul improvements in the last
the tiny ehurch of Crathie near 49 years you have a right to be
Ballater, Scotland, to. begin a
quiet day of’ celebrating her 25th . birthday
Over 10,000 persons | lined the route from Balmoral! ‘Castle to the Church to. wave birthday greetings to the prin- cess, around whom matrimon- ia] speculation whirls in a rum- ored romance with Group Cap-‘
‘tain Peter Townsend.
sdiscontented sf you don't have a modern” LENNOX heating--sys-~ tem! If you do not have a LENNOX heating system cali us TODAY.
Palmer Electric Dial 894-8543 Ch’town
emsguss ena
—tion —immediately, —-saying——the+—
|
U.S. draft should be amended “to make it absolutely clear that we are opposed to the creation of any association ca- pable of using’nuclear weapons without the consent of an exist- ing nucléar “power.” : Apart from the fact that the Russians will not countenance
is no,which puts the Western | 4 treaty permitting development
powers in an awkward position. They may -be--judged- by neu-
__ing West. Germany, some of the.
of a NATO nuclear fotce’ includ. |
| trals to be less than genuine in* Non-aligned nations are unlikely
| their. avowed desire to prevent | t0 agree to abandon all prospect +\ the--spread_of_nuclear_weapons,.of nuclear _ defence
us, bat act =
ewes
|or they must openly abandon
‘it’s fair for
This column ts open to the discussion, | plans for. an Atlantic Nuclear you”’ treaty.
by corresponden’s of questions ef in- terest. The Guardian does not neces- sarily endorse the opinion of corres es All letters published, are sub ct Yo editing and ‘condensation where mecessary, The Guardian is unable te enter inio any corrrespondence regard- Ing letters submitted.
DESTRUCTIVE -CRANES Sir;—Is the Fish and Game Association of P.E.I. really in- terested in preserving life in our trout streams? Then why do they fot do something about the crane epidemic, that is sweep-
, Force and thereby anger an ally such as West Germany.
=The West hag. been losing - along . Thé dia and, at the current Getieva
points from ‘the outset.
One possibility of persuading non - nuclear nations to play has been pr by In-
West had pressed for resump- talks, by Canada. Gen. E. L. M.
tion of tions that had adjourned abor- -tively tast- September, ar
the 17-nation negotia- Burns, Canada’s chief delegate
suggested a treaty should guar-
guing antee ‘‘a-degree of security| —
the urgency of ‘a treaty to limit) against’ nuclear attack’’-to na-
access of nuclear arms. Russia surprisingly. agreed. Tsarapkin turned up July 27
tions giving up the right to atomic weapons,
No such guarantee is con-
to hear what the West had to: tained in the draft U.S. treaty.
-. Joyita’s
out—to—sea-—from.
--Mystery Voyage
* On October 8, 1955, John Miller, Brantford - born pointed his motor-ship Joyita
seaman,
the peaceful,
coral-fringed island of Upolu in
the South Pacific near Western
4. wamoa.— and sail
=a oa
___.seen again, alive or
led. into mys-
tery. Captain Miller and his 24 _ passengers and crew were never
dead. Writer __
George Topp examines the mys- tery in Weekend Magazine..-
But last year Canada sold products to the value of $316 million to the Soviet Union, and in return bought goods: valued at less than $3 million from Russia. In the light of these figures, it will not be surprising if, when the Soviet-Canada trade agree- | ments come up for renewal next year. the Russians really put pressure on this country to increase its buying in the Soviet Union. If the present imbalance continues, it may be point- ‘ed out to us that there are other. wheat ekporting countries in the world. :
EDITORIAL NOTE -
A Hollywood report says movie stars are becoming more political. Some of them, suggests. an exchange, could use a few acting lessons from | politicians, too, _ \
_these gluttons
ing our fishing areas and threat-
| ening to-destroy a sport enjoy-
ed by all keen anglers.
Cranes are taking full advan- |
tage of their newly acquired prey, and their newly acquired power. Having won their inch of feasting — they have now set. out to get their mile. At Cardi- gan Hatchery one crane, that was shot by the caretaker, had feasted on no less than seventy- four trout!! _ :
At North Lake and other east- ern streams the trout are dimin- ishing by the hundreds, while the cranes must, be increasing. The Fish and Game Association has been responsible for the en- actment of many amendments in the past, why not add fue! to the flames, and encourage the destruction 6f these hordes of preying birds. The behavior of should be ex- haustively surveyed and studied and a research shogld begin to launch an eradicati@n of these pests. : é
I am, Sir, etc.,
Eastern Kings Co.
wt
| ~~ The Elk Draw
| variety— will be watching with
interest and pardonable concern August 30 when a draw is held at the Norquay building audi- torium to decide which Mani- ‘toba hunters will be allowed to shoot at them during a special limited hunting season between Sept. 30 and Oct; 2.
Mines and natural resources officials have, it seems, discov- | ered that the elk population in ‘the ‘Duck -Mountain forest re- serve area has grown too large and a special three-day season will be held to trim the herds down to a healthy level and, the department hopes, to provide information regarding the num- bers of calves and cows: in the ' region.
For Manitoba hunters it will
| be the first elk shooting season | tario youths: are
’ Winnipeg Free Press | Manitoba elks— the horned | flurry of local big game hunting,
however brief it may be. There is little indication that
| the season on elk will become a regular thing. Manitoba's elk
herds are not large and can pro- vide only limited sport for hunt- ers when they reach such num- bers that the land available for their habitation cannot properly support them.
Of the many who will prob-
| ably apply for licences, only 175
will be allowed to proceed to the Duck mountains, guns in hand. It is almost certain that the elk of Duck mountain;“if they know about the government's lottery, are hoping that Lady Luck smil- es on all the worst marksmen.
é 4 YOUTH GO TO FOREST Aheut 1,600 17-year-old On- eight
| since 1960 and it is probable that weeks at Junior Ranger camps ARDENT SPORTSMAN , mdny will avail themselves of run by the provincial- gove . the opportunity to take part in a ment. this summer. ; .
*
i. 2 Sy
#
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