MARCH 31. 1952

T HE GUARDIAN. UHARL()TTETOWN

THE 1-:1) UCA TIONAL HORIZON

PRESENTING NEWS AND viEws or INTEREST T0 TEACHERS ANn ALL oracas SEEKING l mi-aovEiviEN'r IN EDUCATION

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IN DEFENCE OF GOOD TEACHERS

,t gentleman, ere he take a 0008 in his servic . he will first exam- iiie iiim dill ently. how many sorts oi meats. potages, and sauces he ('Zil'I perfectly make. and how Well he can season them, that they may be both pleasant and nourishing. Yea, and if,he be e Ialconer. he mp scrupulously inquire what skill he hath in feeding. celled diet. and keeping of his hawk from all sic!- ncss, also how he can reclaim h r (train her to come to call) and prep&fO for flight. And to such a rook or felconer. whom he flndeth expert. he spareth not to give iiiucn wages, with bounteous re- wards.

But of a schoolmaster. to whom he will commit his child to be fed

with learning end instructed in vir- tue, whose life shall be the prm- cipal monument of his name and honour. he never maketh tturther inquiry but where he may have a schoonnaster, and with how little charge. And if one be perchance founden well learned. which will not take pains to teach without. great salary, he then apeaketh nothing more, or else saith. What. shall so much wages be given to It schoolmaster. which would keep me two servants? To whom may be said these words, that by his son being well learned he shall receive more comm o'”y and also worslfip than by the service of a. hundred cooks and falconers. - Sir T. Eiyot.

STARVE TIIE SCHOOLS, STARVE urns PEOPLE

if the people will starve the schools. the schools may retaliate bv letting the people starve, ment- ally. then morally. and in a meas- JIB materially also.

sir John Lawes expressed the opinion that if the plants which furnish human food should be all leit without human care and cult- iiic for fourtecnyears. there wtlild he hardly any of the cultivated plants fit for food. For even the hare maintenance of human life more is need for practical educa- ion; and for the maintenance of all our institutions and means oi vulture. there is need for practical rducation. What,better use can be iiiade of money than to keep up good schools?

Taxation among a free people is

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iii the following sentences. eras out all but the correct forms of homonyms given in parentheses.

l. I shall keep (won, one) (ore. oar, o'er) to put Vore, oar. o'er) the mantel to remind me of (our. hour) iicivciitui-e.

2. These trees we shall (horde. hoard) until we have made (met- tle. metal) (axis. axes) sharp en- nugh to cut a (bored. board).

everybody chipping in to do what no one could do alone. but which all can do together with great ben- efit to each. Such taxation in- creases the value of property; and more than that. it enlarges the capacity of the people to manage and to enjoy life. It is just as es- sciitial in the long run that the people should support the schools willingly as that their children should attend them. Let us learn to think live and labor for the future of our children who are here now. Stand up for provincial rights. for the rights of your child- ren, for the rights of the young who cannot defend themselves, for the rights of the children to be trained by the best of your own people well paid for that service.

HOMONYMS

3. After (berryiiig. burying) the beast. we shall (exorcise. exercise) our (muscle. mussel) by pulling up trees by the (routes. roots).

4. (All. awi) about us the (tied. tide) will rise.

5. But we shall (fair. fare) rlortn. fourth) into the (great. grate) Jim- gle and do battle with the wild beasts we find (their. there).

FILL IN THE BLANKS IN THE FOLLOWING

Fill in the blanks in the follow-

Mini 1. The largest lake in England is Lake 1!. The second largest city in the mitisii Islcs is -- .'l. Drakensbcrg National Park is

in ---m-. 4. The largest city in the Union of South Africa is 5. The highest mountain is Mount -j- 6. Sisal hemp mined from the 7. and most of the worid'ii cloves. 8. The third largest city of India

in Africa

its the fiber 0))-

n. The largest city of India is

10. . is the worlds leading centre for jute manufacturing.

ii. The ocean gateway for the Plain oi the Indus is the seaport of - . l2. The sacred river of the I-iin- dus is the

IR

It is one of the most common clriiients. We have seen that met- :-oritcs are composed almost on- iirly of it. Iron is present in all natural waters: lakes. rivers and me oceans. It is an important part oi our bodies and the hemoglobin of the blood. The body of it man is said to contain from a quarter in a half an ounce of iron. All plants and animals contain iron.

About one-twentieth oi the r.arth's crust is iron and it is the fourth most abundant element. only oxygen. silicon and aluminum are present in larger amounts Scientists tell us that the inside core of the earth is composed of al-

i3. India's "Pittsburgh" is- . a newly built city at the place that was chosen for the blast furnaces coking plants. and steel mills.

14. The city of - is called the "Gateway to the Orient"

15. The third largest city in the British Commonwealth is

is. Australia's cotton-growing state is --j--

17. The orchard state of Australia

18. The. three leading mining countries of the world are ---. .3? 3 ji-

ll). The "Iowa of

20. The largest city in Africa is

21. The world's greatest producer of oil is the :--.

22. A method of representing the surface of the earth on a. chart, in which the lines are projected as if the chart were rolled into a cylin- der about thc earth is called a 1-- map.

. Europe " is

ON

most nine-tenths solid iron. on the surface of the earth. iron is mixed with many minerals and rocks.

When iron is exposed to moist air. it combines with oxygen to iorni rust.

Iron ore is found on every con- tinent and in almost every coun- try. In the United States. the Lake Superior District. including Minn- csota, Wisconsin and Michigan. sup- ply most of the ore that we use today. i

The ore mined in the United States usually contains over 50 per cent iron. In some European coun- tries the ore is used when it con-

tains only 25 per cent of iron.

HOW ELECTRICITY IS MEASURED

Electricity is generated in im- mcnse quantities in large modern power plants. Like all other forms of such energy, the electric energy so generated can be measured in tcrms of "what it can do. The strength of an electric current, for example, can be measured by the rate at which it flows through ii wire. The floiv of electricity is measured in ampcrcs. a term taken from the name oi Andre Ampere. a French student of electricity. An ampere is a. definite amount of electricity that passes through a wire in one second.

As an electric current flows through a wire there is aiwa:.s re- sistance. Just as water flows out of in large pipe with less resistance

than out oi a small pipe, electricity

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FOR

Ian - No'u.PouoNoue 90"."? PAIN - Donn--r 51-am

ANTISEPTIC NEED DEPEN D

071

3DE'I"I'OI.'

"fl MODIIN ANTISIPIIC

passes more easily through a coarse or a short wire than through a fine or a long one. Wires qf differ- ent metals likewise olier different resistance to the movement of elec- tric currents.

Copper. which is used so widely for carrying electricity, offers very little resistance. Resistance to elec- tric currents providcs another way of measuring their strength. and the ohm is a definite unit for mak- lng this measurement. This term comm from the name of George Ohm ii German scientist.

Force. of course. is necessary to drive an electric current against a resistance. This third unit for meas- uring clectricity measures this force. It is called the volt after Alessandro Volta. an Italian schol-

EVERY

S

- as feathers do of birds and fur 0:

er. Just as we measure the force of water in I pipe as so many pounds of pressure per square inch, we measure the force of electricity in a wire as so many volts. A volt is defined aaithe force ecessary to drive one ampere of curren: through the resistance of one ohm.

Another term of electrical meas- urement which you havc probably heard is the watt, named after James Watt. the Scottish engineer who invented the steam engine. The watt is a measure of the rate at -which electric energy works. The measurement of the rate of work is very important in determining the strength of any kind of energy.

Let us say. for example, that by hard work you can chop a cord of wood in eight hours. A Woodsman is stronger than you and is able to do the same job in four hours. He does it in less time than you can

Michelson was born oi German- Jewish parents in a little German town. He came to the United States as an infant. From his school day: on he showed unusually keen scientific ability. At Aniiapoiis he soon found out that he was not fated to become an admiral. After going on his midshipman cruise and teaching at the Academy for awhile. his scientific work became so important that he resigned from the Navy.

Before hr; was thirty he became widely known because he ninasui'e(i the speed of light with greater ac- curacy than ali learned men of the time had been able to do. Measur- ing the speed of light became his most important life work and at the time of his death in 1931 he was still active in improving the accuracy of ms measurcniciits.

Dragons have been familiar mon- sters to us all from our childhood The dragon that guarded the gold- en apples of the Blessed Isles and was slain by Hercules; the dragon conquered by St. George. and the one that gave Siegfried the Drag- onslayer his title, are all well known to us. They have oiteii been shown in pictures and sculpture, when they usually posess one fea- ture. at any rate, in common with the real creatures which are some- times called dragons today - they are clad in scales. In other words, they are l'('1JtlleS; ior scales form the typical covering of reptiles. Just

beasts.

What are the modern dragons? In 1912 scientific men becdma ac- quainted with a. huge lizard, found on one or two islands in the Dutch East Indies. winch grows up to ten or even twelve feet in length. From the name of one of the larger of these islands. Komodo. this great lizard was given the name of Kom- odo dragon. and it seems probable that these creatures. or even larg- er types now extinct, were tiip or- iginals of the dragons which occur so frequently in Chinese art. with its long flexible neck and long darting tongue, deeply forked like thiit of a snake. the Komodo drag- on. is. so far as appearances go. quite striking and formidable ch- ough to have given rise to some. at least. of the dragons of legend. Very few people can have the chance of studying these creatures in their native homes.

In a Loose Sentence the mair. idea occurs first. and then we lim- it it in some way. or add drtails. The loose construction is the more natural form of a sentence. "A dear little plant lay fast asleep in the heart of a buried seed. (Loose sen- tence).

The Periodic Sentence places the

Ghlzcih is one of the ruined places of Egypt. Once it was a busy commercial centre but now it Coll- talns only a. few cafes, decaying

Those are three in number and they are the tombs of three k:ngs-- Cheops. Chephren and Mycerinus. These three pyramids are among the architectural wonders of the world. They were built in the 27th century 3. C. The Great Pyramid of Cheops is 480 feet high and cov- ers thirteen acres of land. In the

The Great Sphinx stands a.quar- tcr of a mile from the Great Pyra- mid and guards its platform. The Sphinx was a common Egyptian symbol of power. Its features are those of a woman Joined to the body of a lion. It is hcwn out of the solid rock and between the mon- ster"s pawsonce stood a temple. believed to be older than the Great Pyramid. Today the 6phinx's features are much mutilated. How-

4. Young People. Many older ,Germane. whose lives and thinking have, been largely conditioned by strict military and political discip- lline. wll never be good democratic citizens. Consequently. the voting people of West Germany offer the best hope for the success of dem- ocracy. But there are serious prob- lems. One is that of education. Most students must go to school in shifts. because schools and teach- ers ere scarce. A second problem ii- that of jobs. Nearly 90 per cent of German etudenis leave school to seek employment at the sac of it Today. work is hard to find. and many youths are Jobless.

A in! problem is homes. An estlm ted 80.000 homeless young people. tragic victims of the war. are wandering about the country now.

The Western Allies and the Ger-

I

do it because he is more "powerful" than you. The term "power" is ap- plied to the rate of doing any kind of work.

The wait is the unit of electric power. It is the quantity of elect- ricity that flows past a given point in one second (amperes) multiplied by the pressure, or force, with which the current is flowing (volts). Peo- ple who work a great deal with electricity are continuauy dealing in watts. They find it convenien: to remember the definition of a watt simply as amperes times volt equals watts.

The future of our community. our Province and our nation lies in the hands of those who teach our child- ren difiiciilty is. for the most part. the daughter of idleness. He who knows most grievcs most for wast- ed time.

ALBERT MICIIELSON

Michelson built measuring instru- ments with uiicanny fineness. His famous "interferometer" is accur- ate to a few mlllionths of an inch. He discovered that light travels a: the astonishing speed of about l86.l)00 miles a second. At this specd R beam of light could make seven tijips round the earth during one beat of your heart.

In 1887 he and Professor Morley of Cleveland performed the lamous Michelson-Morley experiment", an attempt to measure the earth's mo- tion through llic supposed ether. In 1907 Michelson received the Nobel Prize in Physics. At his death he was mourned by all who knew hlni. Gifted with deep insight and breadth of view, he also had strong artistic leanings. Like Einstein, he was an accomplished vioilnisifand his paintings attracted attention.

DRAGONS

The dragons of Komodo belong to the group of lizards called mon- itors, and monitors of several spec- ies are found in India, Africa. Aus- tralia and'elscwhcre. None of theih are so big as the Komodo lizard. though some are known to reach a length of eight feet. and a -weight oi about sixty pounds. Nor are they to be dreaded by man as were the fairy-tale dragons. since observers are agreed that man is. as a gen- oral rule, avoided by them.

some of the monitors are regard- ed in India as poisonous. but they have no venom glands. Their wea- pons are their teeth and their pow- crful. claws, while the long. whip- like tail is also used as a weapon of oi'fence or defence, the reptile throwing the body sideways and lashing out with the tail. Human beings have sonietlmes received severe blows in this way from cap- tlve monitors.

The Komodo dragon and the other monitors are tlesh-eaters. preying on other animals. Those of Komodo are said sometimes to catch and eat the young of wild pigs and deer. Eggs of" birds and turtles seem to be a favourite diet with all the monitors; one of these liz- ards will take a bird's egg in its mouth and with its head well up. crack the shell and let the contents flow down its throat. Mr. Lydekkcr states that it Bengal moiiltor. kept in one of the zoological gardens in India. consumed in the course of a year sixty rats. six cggs, ten pounds of beef, and four g'.:inca- pigs.

LOOSE SENTENCE

whole sentence. It holds the read- er's attention by keeping him wait- ing uiitil its very end (its period) before giving up its thought. The periodic sentence. however, is more difficult to construct than the loose sentence. "In the heart of a seed buried deep. so deep. A dear little plant lay fast asleep". (Periodic

main idea last. and the reader's lll- sentence). terest is thus sustained over the GHIZEII

bazaars. and ruined houses. Ghizeh is on the west bank of the Nile and is but a drive of an hour and a hall from Cairo.

THE PYRAMIDS OF GHIZEH

cores of the pyramids were hidden bi.-rial chambers. On the walls in the corridors Egyptian art has de- plcted funeral scenes and the scenes of the hereafter. The pyra- mid was only one part of a menu- meirtal whole. At its foot was a temple when priests watched over the statues and records of the king.

THE GREAT SPHINX

ever, in spite of the loss of helmet. nose and heard, it remains one of the most impressive monuments in the world. i

"A statue lies hid in a block of marble. and the statuary only clears the superfluous matters and re- moves the rubbish. The figure is in the stone: the sculptor only finds it. What sculptor is to a block of marble, education is to the hu- man soul." - Joseph Addison.

WEST GERMANY

ing workshops fife operated in many areas to teach young people trades. Cities are building youth centers. which provide both train- ing and housing facilities. Ameri- can. British French. and German educators are working together to teach democracy. success of the program for youth can do much to guarantee the continuation of Ger- man democracy in the future.

5. The Women. Becauso millions of German men died in world War II. the women far outnumber the men in Germany todav. In West. Germany alone. (here are licarly 3'5 million liiore women over 21 than men. Because of their numbers and because they can and do vote. the German women play 1 powerful role in politics and iri- dustry.

A large number of these women. for example. do not want their

men government IYO ICHHI. T111!!-

Millgell and Vicinityl

Friends of little Helene Dim:-, well were sorry to hear she has Mr. Philip Long. who 1,” he." been sick at her home here re- V,-oridng in charlouewwn 40,. "Day. Home time, spent a recent week-

t his i Miib . Mr. sterling Mecswaln end Mrnend-. Mme n um Kenneth Anderson, of Marie, werc' in Church Road on business ' cently.

visit her parents. Mr. and Mrs Stewart Mosher of I-Isliax.

Friends are sorry to learn of the We illness of Mrs. Emily MacEwcn of St. Peters who underwent an ,craiion in the hospital in Halifax Dr. M. Beck of St. Peters was in some um, ago. Church Road recently attending, Mrs. lrvlng Sanderson who has, been quite ill at her home here.

Mr. Irving Sanderson and Mr. '.Bllly Sanderson returned to their ' . theme on Church Road last week stmgetgfgrmaxgfwgg sll;e1r1'1:9ls'-oniilgy from Halifax where they were em- ume in Midge" recently where M pioyeil during the tlintcr months. was employed. I

, . . ' miendsjrrwrryr to hear lihat Mr. George Morrow of Midg-

Mrs. Freeman Jay and small son; vii. who has been staying at the Wayne, of Morell, left recently for home of his sister. Mrs. Peter Halifax where they will spcnd.C:inicron of Charlottetown. has

size. Many of them lost husbands, crnment is ready to join under brothers. and sons in the last. war. certain conditions. and many others cannot marry andl Ollr D181). which the Adenauer live normal lives today because so government llkcs would allow Ger- many German men were killed in many to build an army of 250.000 that conflict. inch. commanded by German of- Women are taking a prominent ficers and with a German general place in the business of West Ger- staff. The force would be at the many, as well as showing an inter. disposal of Gen. Dwight Eisenhow- est in politics. They run business or. commander of the North At- lcft by husbands and fathers who lantic Treaty Organization. France were killed in the war, und no opposes this piaii for a united Ger- practically every kind of work done man force: she fears it might one by men. They are carpenters. brick-: daiv be used against her. layers. bus and truck drivers. train Under a second plan which the employees, and factory workers, A French like. G1-rmany would mix gregit many of them work in stori-5' ll):-r troops in equal numbers with an offices as i k I si . nose of oifiicr countries in an in- rapht-rs, Gel'm:,nerVySor:glclE w:'1?i?E:iIlClillilli0llzlI arniy. Non-German of- beforc World war II, of course, hut iicers would hold top authority. not nearly so many were employed There would be no Gcrniaii gon- aa now, and few of them ran bus. oral staff. under this plan. the inesses or engaged in manual cc. French tool that German forces cupations, According to old uei-m.jn'ould be useful for defense but an tradition. the place for .vonie:ii would not be a dalirzt-1'. was in the home, and women wei-c' The Adeiiuucr i10i'6Y1lmCm is 09- exrieclted to takt? orders from Ih('ll' l)0S"d let the idea! of) .1cgai,teriiic men- olk on all questions of polit- Germ-aii maps. It 5 io ing out lcs and business. That tradition is for an iiidepelldem ”my- now being broken down and the Negotiations are still going on. West German women are bCC0flllll':1VlE.slOlill military planners are con- lnfiucntlal in the business and pol-l. iident that the German democracy iiical life of their nation. will ovcntiially be brought into the