THE GUARDIAN

Published Ivory woshdu

lotostosrl. P. E. l.. by tcnsn fl-hon Eduard lslud uh Ihs Dov" Editor and Hunger. in A. Burnett. Auocllls DditoI.II"rInI Wslklr

lunch olfleu II numrnarslds. Modulus Ind Alon-ton. Author

ilDCllIO60lIIuIllI3l.l"D)IMPIlIOHlOODIDll1nIll. Iw

morning II no lrius Itnlt. Chu- Tho Connolly umllod.

I: Csu-lux unriouelown. summer-sids ua.oo pu Innum. Else than in P. I. I soon. ulhu Provinces and U. I. A. moo D0! IIIIIHEI.

"'.l'In strongest. memory is wesker than the weakest Ink."

SATURDAY. SEPT. 13. I954

The Few

Air Force Day is the occasion for re- membering the debt which we all owe to those airmen who fought and died in the Battle of Britain and also to those who stand ready today to defend the free world in the limitless skies. "Tile Few”, were, of course, the Fighter Command aircrew who turned back wave after wave of Ger- man aircraft in the late summer of 1940. In the words of Prime Minister Churchill: "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few."

Like the 300 Spartans who stopped the hostsof Xerxes at Thermopylae, the Spit- fire and Hurricane fliers stopped the hith- erto irresistible German war machine. Their victory was not decisive like that of the ancient Greeks but it did give the allies precious months of grace in order to create, first machinery for defence, and finally the vast military machine which overthrew the Nazi world.

Today, more than ever before, the hopes and fears of mankind are directed towards the air. The development of aircraft has annihilated space and physical obstacles. The vast oceans are readily crossed for purposes of peace or war. The polar regions are no longer uncomprehcnded wastes but shortcuts between the old world and the new. .

Until such time as war itself is conquer- ed we must depend upon the Air Force as I first line of defence against attack and as a powerful deterrent to would-be aggres- sors by I reason of its power, along with those of other free nations, to make the aggressor rue a decision to attack.

The conlnllsslonors' Visit

For the first time the General Council of the United Church of Canada has been meeting at a Maritime centre. Sackville, with its Mount Allison University, is the centre of the proceedings of the highest court, of the United Church. It is gratify- ing to Maritimers that the General Coun- cil should see fit to hold its sessions there and it is more particularly appreciated by Islanders that when the commissioners seek relaxation from their labours they should come to Prince Edward Island.

It is not often that we have the op- portunity of welcoming I group so repre- sentative of every geographical division of this country. When they have crossed on the car ferry, travelled on our Island roads, visited storied Green Gables and been wel- comed by Provincial and municipal digna- tories, there will be practically no part of Canada that is altogether ignorant of what the Island is like.

Their visit, it is true, is extremely. brief, but it is to be hoped. that it will be enjoy- able and that they will return to their labours refreshed and with a fuller realiza- tion of the diversity and also the fellow feel- ing of Canadians in this great country.

The General Council ordinarily meets in one of the larger centres of population but it is to be hoped that the present experi- ment will prove so successful that it will be repeated in various regions and that in the not too distant future the Maritimes may welcome them back.

Tile Sollioswig-llolsloln Election

Ordinarily, results of State elections in Germany. like those of Provincial elections in Canada, have only limited national sig- nificance; often, local issues play a more important part than national ones. All the same, the result of the recent election in Schleswig-Holstein, hitherto a stronghold of Chancellor Adenauer's Christian Democratic Union, cannot be seen as anything less than I partial repudiation of the Chancellor's at- tempts to merge German military forces into I supra-national European Army. It may also be I sign of growing dissatisfac- tion with United States policy towards ,llurops generally and Germany particular- ly, for Dr. Adenauer is, in I sense, I pro- itege of the United States Government.

It will take additional State elections to show whether the Schleswig-Holstein ex- pression of opinion is the first fruits of I nstional trend towards -lsolatlonlsm from Western political and military policy; in

- any case. it will not help, and it may hin- der, the formstlon of I new and satisfactory solution to the security problems of West- ern Europe, now that E. D. C. has been abandoned At thgssme time it has given Soviet Russia one more strategic advantage in tho dipiomstlc tug-of-war. it may be

”'tliar;Itr. Eden's-rem-rent infusion to Western

.-pompous ospltsls will comet somoof the which influenced the

and thus help to stop I trend which, con- ceivably, could undo much of the good work which Western diplomacy has been able to accomplish in the way of promot- ing unity among the nations of Western Europe. Meanwhile, there is nothing to be gained by minimizing. the harm done b the Schleswig-Holstein voters when' they went to the polls on Sunday, Sept. 12.

- An old Poster -

'While rummaging. through family heir-

' looms stored in the attic, a woman down in ,Kimball, Nebraska, came across a poster

used at the time of the! Revolutionary War; she thinks it was handed down by her great-grandfather who served in Washing- ton's army. In citing the need for "brave and able bodies" the poster held out cer- tain "proper" rewards. They were; A bounty of twelve dollars, an annual suf- ficient supply of good and handsome clothes, :1 daily ration of ample provisions, and six dollars I year in gold and silver. There was nothing in the poster about the political grievances which had driven the colonists to arms, not a word about the English "tyrants" and their iniquitous sys- tem of taxation. All this would come later; for the time being the need was for, men, and their rewards would be very practical things with not an abstract shred about any of them. However, the general got the men he needed and there is no denying that they served their country well.

The "proper" rewards would not be con- sidered anything to rave about these days, but to the young men of Washingtonls time they Probably looked good enough. If there is Enythl-"8 at all for this generation to learn from the old poster it is that material rewards that are offered for service do not have to be excessively valuable when the country's cause is regarded as just. In some quarters patriotism is considered an old- fashloned attribute; nevertheless, it re. mains the best motive for national service of any kind.

EDITORIAL NOTES

Tomorrow, the 14th Sunday after Trin- ity, 15th after Pentecost. O O O The report by amateur American Arctic explorers that there is oil at the magnetic north pole is not likely to start a rush to stake claims in the area. If it happens to be true, however, it would make a very great difference to the cost and difficulty of maintaining outposts in the vicinity. I 0 0 William Hazlitt, author, died this date 1830. He gave up painting for literature and quickly attracted favorable attention. His lectures on the English poets placed him in the front rank of contemporary critics. Some of his-books are "The Spirit of the Age", "The Plain Speaker" and "Con- versations of James Northcote, Esq., R.A." O O 0 If children eat six times a day then they should brush their teeth six times I day, advises an Ottawa dentist, emphasizing the importance of cleaning not more than ten minutes after eating. The proposal sounds difficult enough when stated. To see that a child brushed his teeth after eating would require far more than two parents. 0 O C

More evidence may be forthcoming in the United States about the operation of Second World War spy rings as a result of a change in the law of evidence. Witnesses may now be compelled to testify but may claim immunity from being themselves prosecuted as a result of their testimony. It has much the same effect as the equivalent provision of the Canada Evidence Act.

I O I

The 1951-52 survey of farmers market- ing, purchasing, and related co-ops in the United States revedled the number of as- sociations increased from 10,051 in 1950- 51, to 10,166 in 1951-52, a gain of 1.1 per cent. Membership increased from 7,091,000 to 7,353,000 in the same period, for a gain of four per cent. The new membership -figure includes almost 4,229,000 in market- lng associations, about 3,033,000 in pur- 'chasing associations, and over 102,000 mem- bers in related service groups. '

O O O

In January of this year, Britain had 334,390 agricultural tractors plus 58,330 horticultural tractors. Tractor plows. num- bered 167,540; tractor mowers, 152,800; combines, 21,120; 299,000 tractor trailers; and 83,000 farm trucks. During the last two years there has been I 75 per cent in- crease in pick-up balers, a marked develop- ment of farm electrification, and decrease ln horses and horse-drawn equipment.

I O 9

Figures released by the Department of Labor. indicate that the number of students graduating from agricultural colleges is low- er in 1954 than in any of the past five years. It -is expected that the number graduating in the years 1954 to 1957 will remain dt about this year's level, and the low point in the number of grsdustbs is

during the depression years. The low.polnt in enrollment has probably been;-cached.

::':: : : :3"

rulll.lc FORUM

This column is open to tho dlseuo Ilon by w..upondentI of qnutlom of interest. The Glurdlsn does not Isoennrliy endorse tho opinion I! ...u rupandenls.

THE IRON LUNG FUND

attributed mostly to the low birth rate h

Sir,-The P. E. I. Polio Chapter -,would like to report through your paper to the people of P. E. I. on it's most successful Iron Lung Fund campaign now closed. This campaign has lasted 18 days dur- lng which period, without any provincially organized direct can- vass, the people have subscribed 56010.00. To this amount should be added Sl000.00 contributed by the Government and Sl00fl.(l0 with which the Chapter started the drive. This is extremely gratifying to those who initiated the cam- paign and I am sure equally so to those who directly made this possible, the press and radio sta- tlons.

The response was provinclally representative, donations poured in from every corner of the Prov- ince. There is I record of 795 in- dividusl or group donations. Can- vnsses were conducted on local initiative In five smaller com- munities which probably repre- sent at least additional 400 donors.

Donations ranged from 5200.00 to .3fic. 315 individual or corpor- ate contributions of 55.00 and over accounted for 53535.00 of the total of 36010.00; the remaining amount was made up therefore of 880 well-wlshers who gave all they wore able to afford. from ..'l0c uplvnrds. Those responsible for opening the malls ware very impressed by the large number of encouraging lrtters accompanying donations. an-Ll p1rticui.'ll'l,v touch- ing: ucre the many llearlwnrnlln:: though small contributions from widows, families of polio victims and groups of youngsters.

The Polio Chapter extends its sincere thanks to the manage- ment of the two radio stations for their radio time and enthusiastic broadcasting nnrl to the editors and staff writers of the three newspapers for space and ready Icceptnnce of all details of the

1

In

campaign and the subsequent pro-

vision of the three Ircn lungs. The iron lllntzs are due to ar-

srl In

rive in the "rnvince tnrlw. 18 days we mry row i matter a "fntt nrcompli'. We may now only hope that. with the close of the campaign we mnv also rc- cord in close in the outbrcak of polio cl"-r,vv.'hcrn. I am, Sir, etc. V. N. HUDSON. Sscrrtnry.

ARe-Discverecl

The following excerpts from the journal of Benjamin Chappell, Charlottetown's first postmaster, are published through the courtesy of his great-grandson, Mr. George Chsppeil, 19 Esher Street. The oldest existing diary on Prince Ed- ward Island. it opens with the year 1775. I few months after the Ir- rivai of the New London pioneers from England. On the flyleaf the writer lists the heads of families and the number of persons de- pendent on the new establishment -one hundred andjwenty-nine in all. It is midwinter. with icy blasts blowing through the chinks of the unfinished log houses, and supplies of food and fuel are at a premium:

January 19th-Myself in woods with Geddles squaring timber for ye counting house. Foster, Pan-ntt and Cooper order'd to go to Great Rustico, to fetch our own lower cargo. Coming over our own low- er bay, they broke in and drowned two horses. Men's lives saved, bless God.

January 20th - No logs It saw- pit for boards, nor c.'l we get any for want of horses.

January 23rd - Philip called, Jersey very sick. Geddies and my- self with ye French in woods and launched out all our timber. Par- ratt got two horses and brouzht 10 ye sawpit 4 pieces of fir.

January 30th -.Foster took our horse to slay his firewood home.

January 31st. - Five men cut- ting firewood doing three men: work. Atkinson making hoopes in Churchyard by the men havins been hard at work as must be placed to Mr. Clark's accompt, U6.

February 4th. - Watching for Foster with ye team from Rustico with provisions, Sunday It 11 Clock arriv'd ye slay whh V: of 8 barrel of coarse sugar, half I barrel of flower, one barrel of pork. No rum, no molasses.

February llth. - Jersey con- tinues lame. Myself not well but making of pins in my little shop 115 the day ye other half squaring board logs at ye sawpit.

February 18th. C Very short of provisions. No rum, no bread. no meat, no beer, no sugar in ye stores. Mr. Allan set out for Larwons at Stanhope.

February 20th. - The people murmur and threaten to break open ye sl.o.es and plunder for food. We killed our little hol.

February 25th. - Received from ya mill some sugar and half an

X. 0 March lst. - The people in sen- eral through the want of bresd

P.E.I. Polio Chapter.

a l

Old Chariot-ielown

, IhdP.lI. I

HISTORICAL SOCIETY

The original Hlstcricsl society of Prince Edward Island came to grief through lack of publlc sup- port. The following details are from the executive committee: report submitted at the clos.ng meet.ng, hold on t. ill, 1882:

"On the lam September. 1881. I public meeting was held in the Legislative Library for the purpose of organizing this Society, I. wnich the undersigned were appdnted so to ' committee, (Edward Pslmsr, George Alley, George W. Hodgson. A. A. Mcnonsid. P. R. Bowers, M. McLeod). and I com- mittee was sppointed to solicit sub- scriptions for membership. A sub- scription lllt wII It the some tlmd opened, which was signed by thirty- ono gentlemen present, and by tho Irdrtlons of the csnvslllng com- mittee the nsmes of eighty-two Id- dltlonsl members were obtained, thus puking the entire member- ship number 113.

"It. won determined It this meet- ing that the entrance fee should be so. and thst on annual subscrip- tion of 62 should also be payshls by non member. Thus Imolsnll would yield to the Society on in- ooms of VIM for the first year, and Insnnusl income of ms for

at I'lIl..t.he sum of mo has been

seem to decline their work. rot being able.

March 2nd. - Myzeif making I capital large level for to level ye ground withal.

March 3rd. - An-lv'd Mr. Alien from Slanhope with half I barrel of rum, 3 of flower, one of pork and no more.

March idth. - I observe thst ..;....M-:------

Lhat. some pecuniary old would be granted to it. at the followlnz un- aion of the Legislature, Ind. that the Government would place st. its disposal I room ln' the Provlnclll Building for the use of tho cum- mmgg ma .5 1 place of deposit. for the society's collections. ,Certltn

ember. of the committee were do- puted to wait. upon the lender of the-Guvsmment. to.ucurs tho so- colnpllshment oftheos objects, but their efforts were not sttlsndod with Iticosu. No sultdbls room could ho had, Ind Ilthoush I nun of mono! ogknnlbly gx-snhdi to VII

h Itiolll which pnotlos 1' tbs snot nnsvsfllll . without. such std the committee srs impruud wl tho bolls! that-t.ilo' looloty -osnnot bs nuulnoa. Notwithstanding that tiny have used Ivory mssns It than oolmnsnd to eollpetv th mon- lol due for subscriptions; more thsn two-null-do of the entire Ilnoun still rImIlnI- unpaid." '

oscnsooooodins yIIr.oHhlsnumdftulooloty

Pioneer"s Journal

4. the United. sues

Billinghul-st snd Adams have been drawing of green poles for ye fish- ermen for four days past.

March 15. - Biliinghul-st was sbus'd Ind best shamefully. went to Justice Stewart It Mal- peck.

March 18. -- Thos. Anvil col-k'd ye great whale boot in order for sea.

March 18th. - Myself It msking I large snatch block for I cspson. And made I rudder snd tiller for ye great whale boat.

March 22nd. - Myself at shop mskeing I compass standard for Mr. Allan and s schutt for ye house. Stormy cause wheather. Very little or no work done. March 24th. - Myself made I box for our tobacco and our mscheen for binding books. Some of our people continue to work but some utterly r efu I e to work through the want of provisions and grow very violent.

March 25th. - Myself sick of ye Igue through thrcold and doing but little work.

March 2'lt.h.-- By order of Mr. Allan, Geddles and myself attempt to make I pair of stocks by why of prison.

March 29th. - Myself very ill through cold. Ind the p e o p l e through want of provisions are outrageous. They form a 1-lsn ahd party to supperizu Charlottetown. About noon they march off. - Sunday, April 2nd. - Mr. Mellsh buried the remains of Jane Duport who died yesterday for want-.of common necessaries of life, aged 12 years.

April 5th. - Building s boat with Geddes and Jersey. but hindered for I day by the great fire that began at Joseph Rooks snd coverfd many hundred acres.

May 7th. - Finding no master : coming nor no provisions, nor no regular busineil but sawing, and my mate Geddes leaving in like- wise ye Island I concluded to leave

0.

May 8th. - Thursday. My wife and self in great consternation about leaving the pineal May 9th. -'FridIy. C not to remove, but trust to God for food. Setting up ye garden poles and making boxes for cabbages. May 12th. - feople I-gardening. May 16th. -- Being short of pro- visions we went to Winters Cove for oysters. Ye storm such we could not get back. . May 17th. - Bought home boat loaded with oysters. Set to work to mske Mrs. MacDonald's coffin. May 23rd. - Geddes and myself went up I river by Winters for fowl, but found little.

July 22nd. - Set out to Chu- lottetown to go with" governors mill.

November 10th. - Having fin- ished as much of ye mill Is I well could I was by Mr. Callbeck en- gaged for winter season Ind set out for New London.

Nov. lllh .- I reach home thbugh weather wII bsd. Recelv'd of Mr. Csllbeck three dollars for my Journey. Paid It the Scotch Houses It Little Rustfco four

shillings.

I'll-ldsy 11th. - Collecting fue- wood. then finishing Mr. Allen's bed. sharpening my hsndssw Ind began I winsor chair for Mrs. Chsppell . . . . Charlottetown taken. (The -lut. item 1-Ifers to the two American prlvstesl-I who plilsgsd the town. carrying off Phillips Coll- bsch "Acting Govomor. Ind Thomss Wright, Surveyor-General snd In their belonplngso

1:4

non! oonoosns

' ' Allllstori. now was in mo of a ma Chins. in

guehlstorllrtinlos nosed northel-n

In I previous srttcloi I ststod that. cont:-Iry to the expo ' " of msny people. the Second As. umbiy of the World Council of Churches. which recently complet- ed its meeting in Evnnston, min- ois. vIII Ibis to plscs on record I . ' ” condemning Commun- ism. without 'IIIdIbIl opposition from any of the delegates present. Whatever the Iron Curtain dele- gates thought of the resolution. they kept their opinions to them- selves.

I hsve now received the full text of the report on Marxism- the intellectual basis of Commun- ism-Ind I am passing it along to the renders of this column, who 1 Im sure will be interested in the Ipproach of I great world body of Christians to the most serious divisive influence of our time.

D O O .

when the World Council was formed in Amsterdam in 1948 Communism hsd not yet showed itself in its true colors, Is In in- ternstionsl dlsturber of the peace. Moreover, its chief exponent. Soviet Russia. wIs not Is in- trsctable II she has since turned out to be in world Iffsirs. In these circumstances the mIJorlty opinion Imong World Council do- legstes wIs disposed towards im- partisllty in the field of ideology. Consequently, the resolutions pass- ed It that time simply drew at- tention to the lniqulties of both Communism Ind Capitalism. It became known Is the "plague on both your houses" resolution.