. FEBRUARY 15. 19 l“?

[VFOR FARMERS, STOCK BREEDERS AND GARDENERS

36.

TPARMERS’ WEEK FEBRUARY I8th.——I9th.—20th.

Queen’ Square

School Hall

Entrance from Sydney Street

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 18th

2.00 P. M. Annual Meeting 7.00 P.M. Annual Meeting

Central Farmers‘ Institute. P. E. I. Sheep Breeders’ Assoc-

iation. An address will be delivered at this

meeting by Mr. A. A. MacMillanyAssociate Chief - of Field Services, Department of Agriculture,

Ottawa. ~

WEDNESDAY, 9.30 A.M. and 2.00 P.M. Annual Meeting and Poultry Ass _Annual Meeting Association.

1.00 P.M.

FEBRUARY 19th

of the P. E. I. Cooperative Egg ociation, of the P.E.I Swine Growers’

I

THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 20th

9.30 AM. Annual Meeting iation.

2.30 P.M. and

P. E. I. Horse Breeders‘ Assoc-

7.00 P.M. Annual Meeting P. E. I. Dalrymen’s Association. Addresses will be delivered at both sessions by

i

oiiicials of the Federal and Provincial Depart-

ments of Agriculture on matters relating to Livestock and Dairying.

All organizations should be fully represented at the various meetings by qualified delegates.

A large general (quested.

attendance of farmers is re-

ANllliii a

llllSBANliRY

From an economical and practi- cal standpoint it may be interest- ing to trace the reeding methods of s model farmer, who avoids all the purchases of feed he possibly can. Qicablc at tilnes when the price of milk does not warrant paying out much money.

The owner believes in keeping all oi his cows in fine condition, and they give evidence oi being well cared

This is especially

icr and well fed. The grain mix- ture is quite a good onb, with a very lair analysis: -

170 pounds oats; protein l2 per

cent; fat 4.4 per cent.

150 lbs. wheat; protein 12.5 per

cent; fat 2.1 pel- cent.

120 lbs. barley: protein 11.5 per leave

ccni; 3.1 per cent.

10 lbs. oil mike: protein 38 per

cent: fat 7.5 per cent.

This giva analysis for the mix- ture oi 12.8 per cent. protein and 8.5 per cent. fat and is a. very good Iced. The protein content, however.

is further increased by liberal feeding of alfalfa. The grain mixture is fed twice a

day, the ration being 1 lb. of grain for every 3 to 4 lbs. oi milk. A cow giving 50 lbs. o.‘ milk would soi- irom 12 1-2 b0 16 lb). pa!‘ dill’. div- ided into two feeds. When the own- er has no wheat to feed he use! bran; but in smaller vpr°iii°fii°n than the wheat. He has tried cot- ton seed and other concentrators. but d not consider them econ- omical t the present time.

Bnsilage is fed twice a day. obi)!"- one bushel per feed, with tho grain. The ensilage is made from the com stalks o.‘ the cannin’! corn, mixed with the oobs and nub- bins brought back from the can- fling factory. which happens to b8 situated near the farm. Sometimes this ensilagp is rather strong. then care has to be exercised in feedinl it. or it is mixed with wheat chsif. The cows are fed an average of one bushel of ensilagc, as mentioned hut there is a good deal of variety as the amount led to individual cows. and here is where the owner ules his powers oi discrimination.

Alfalfa hay is fed three times a day to the cows, morning and evening, after, each feed of meal. nnd also at noon. water is provided in bowls, and a mineral mixture i-i Within reach of them. in small ixlxes. at ail times. The mineral

‘ consists oi:

leo lbs. ground bone: loo ill powdered limestone; 800 lbs. of Still»: 1-2 lb. potassium iodin_e_._ _

-FEEDS

We have in stock at lowest prices.

Fish Meal

Swifts Digester Tankage Oil Cake '

Wheat Bran

Full-o-Pep Poilltry Feeds Silver Tip Poultry Feeds Silver Tip Mating Cubes Silver Tip Cod Oil Biscuits Silver Tip Meat Biscuits Silver Tip B°readmeat ,Fox'Meats and Slneits Swifts Fur Food

Wheat Germ

Wholesale and Retail Progressive Egg anti Poultry Market ‘-

The water supply is pumped from a pond by a hydraulic ram. The pond is supplied by streams from living springs. and it also furnish- es s harvwt of ice.

Five heifer calves, from the best cows in the herd. are raised each year. to replace cows that for one reason or other must be eliminated. These calves are given whole milk for three months, then skim milk fol- about three months. They are also fed whole oats and a. small amount of nut oil cake.

When these heifer calves come into profit they are carefully test- cd and only those that pmiilise to make really profitable cows are kept longer than for one lactation period. If three out of every live develop into good cow-o. i116 WW1" is satisfied. ,

I A well-bred Holstein bull is kept in the herd. which is also Holstein grades for the most part.

A large number of steers are fed annually on what the dairy COWS in their mangers.

Th; cows are fed liberally on ai- falfa, they pick it over as cows will. very systematically, and the resi- due is cleaned out of their mdngcl-s and eaten by the steers to the last straw.

This means leaves, es the tion.

The steers are fed ensilage mix- ed with an equal emwiii 0i Wm“ chaff. About 25 acres of Wheat

method of feeding alfalfa that the cows lick oi the

protein content of their ra-

and nubbins in it and is strons

feed. one gallon of cane sugar is dil- uted with water and each feed oi ensilnge and chaff is ddulvenfd with this sweet mixture. Two sm- lom of molasses are fed each day to the 21 head d: steers. These are fairly light cattle and would taver- age also lbs. when out in" i" - The steers are fed the sumo meal myxtun as the vows, and lalt is always available for them. 250 lbs. of this mlxtule is fed to this crow of steers daily, divided into i-W° feeds. This-makes aboutvil 1-4 lbs- a day per steer. The ahalfa from

the cow mB-hllwl i5 led “m” i‘ m‘ scaloumuarsT A Psalm Of

The Garden Blessed is the Lord who giveth a

garden. ‘There he wmmbnds s. hiesslnl.

And liie Overllstill! sneaks-

The heart u parched W! i-l" ""1

t: m gnme oi the garden-the baim——they find refreshment. In the desert rlwl ii" m" i‘

lac. e 1n the garden is the quiet beauty

ii . Apfépisplii‘ evines with __atient

vpmum of the vslldyl 0i Zim (gown; thtii‘ filth-

whlm" Sh,“ 1 3° pnd feel no need

i ‘l

Mutt: ‘lhiii i‘ go and feel rio need of human silo ‘P

m the garden where hoilyhocks stand upright:

m m. Qflddil where all thinll look unto the Iflfdi

m the garden when perfumes thrill

wmiriggertse oi His Love.

Blessed is the Lord who giveth s garden. hail be comforted. m m." I a-diforiei Itlwsrtls. 200 I03 OLYMPIC! BERLIN. Feb. 14w?) -_'llo ‘w, gmign athletes a chance iesrn something about German ‘mm-h’ 5 5mm [00 will b6 illi-

sblished next summer in the

’ t tside Del‘- cs Piltmd lfgqlogildgpy’ mu];- ' reis sadskind of orsne wiiibeon

to be considered a polifizo-economic

a

rm; CHARLOTTETOWN odnnngggst

i

NEWS Y NOTES

roa rsnlucas our (2)

Mr. Ostergaard

sive us some ideamzi, thymus‘; l; lg}? Dilliifih co-‘opcrative societies. “us; are usuddy started on bor- nwne "Pllfll. he says: possibly the

y was contributed by individ- ual falnlers at first, but, m", u now 1a strong co-operative com- melcai bank owned by the new, ies themselves. He repeats that "lily member is individually re- sponsible for the debts of the so- cieiy; B. rule which speaks cf the confidence which the farmers have in the principle of co-cperation and in the conduct o1 their own “ionization. There is no initiation 91BX88 or other expense in yom. 1R8. and membership is open to my and all who can make legitimate use of the society. New members benefit both by the accumulated Profile W! experience. while retir- ing members cease to be owners, Absentees and non-users a'so have nu claim of ownership. In this con. nection I may add that the English (lo-operative to which I‘ belonged, declared a bonus quarterly, whim might be withdrawn, all but the Sui" °i five shillings ($1.25.) which W“ “milled as a deposit to the member's credit: so that, willy. niiiy, he saved $5 pef yggn m, mlEilt. ll’ he wished, leave the total bonus as a. deposit with the soci i, for which a certain rate o." interest.

est-swelled his

promptly paid over.

(Xmlierativp and semi-public credi societies;

When a person wanted to borrow Corporations" oi other countries he would join credit society. whereupon his prop. erty was carefully appraised. This being satisfactory, his mortgage would be placed in the common Pool, and the association would is- sue bonds in the amount oi the IHOPTBHQE. These bonds, having GT9" ‘ICU-lily. always found ready buyers, and the proceeds were then turned cvcr to the borrower.

With a praiseworthy attention to the needs of the great bull: of the people (the farmers, the State. in 1906, turned over twenty million kroncr ($5,000,000) of public funds, for the establishment of the Dan- ish mortgage bank, u". discount and give stability and security to mort- gage bonds. This bank oversees and protects cooperative financing as it mobilizes the credit resources of the farmer and utilizes them exclusively for the farmer's needs. (This is in addition to the co-oper- alive commercial bank named above.) The interest rate which the nrmer pays is now 4 per" cent; having been reduced in 1933 from 4 1-2 and 5 per cent. All credit

which substantially iucrcas- societies are owned and controlled so-called "politics."

by the farmers themseiyes in the same manner as are other cooper. at-ive enterprises.

At this point we interrupt Mr. Ostelgaards narrative to notice

grown on this farm each Ye" mm‘ something nearer home. Speaking story. judging by the place names. the; a good supply of this iirit- of "Credit Unions," or cooperative (which, I fancy, are “w. roughage, Frequently iho on- banks. at the annual meeting of-and it opens witha shipwreck, the tilage has largo illianiiiie$ °i 9°15 New Brunswick farmers in St. John, saving of one sailor, and the sal-

on Jan. 15th. Prof. A. B. MacDon- ald. of St. Francis Xavier Univer- sity, stated that the first of all such banks was started in Germany in 1845. "several credit unions have been formed in Nova Sootia. all oi which are in excellent financial shape and have been made pos- sible the loun oi ready cash to far- mers for productive purposes." There were. the speaker said, 3,000 credit unions in the United States, and tn 1929 when the depression set in, none oi them had to close its doors.” Over 1.000 banks were affeclcd, but the credit unions withstood thp acid test and par- miited farmers to car on their financial obligations without paying enormous rates oi interest."

Above all the eo-operative enter- prises o: Denmark is the "Union of Danish Cooperative Qocleties." which watches over the interests oi its members and publishes the oiilciai cooperative journal.

Tho English Societies a‘so had s journal cl- newspaper, devoted to general cooperative news, while each cooperativp published what was shortly called the “Balance Sheet’ for its own particular pub- lic. The Balance Sheet iu ciuded the profit and loss, nxervc, and other

ed a copy. As the members were the owners they themselves elected the auditors at a lull eeting. "The economic set-up oi Den- mark is such that it is practically impossible for anyone to amass great wealth," says our author That is because the bulk oi the profits. which in other countries go to the biuinbss people. are returns-i to the producers. That means, of course. that the farmers snd laborers sre the ruling classes in Denmark, for economic power always carries with it political power. ‘The “common peopie“—the vast majority of the Danes-have slowly mode up their minds to oontroLths their living, and "to maitc machinery oi liie subordinate to the spirit oi lie." Slowly have they learned to do this; for a true co- operative mind is not gained in a day.

The paper now takes what may

view or the country. In Denmark the railroads. tho telegraph.» and the telephone lines are owned W the state. The transportstionu first idea is to aid the former in marketing his goods. and by low

transportation,

W“ mid: and it was surprising how the money-bonus plug 1pm». pax-book. On leaving the society the money was

Real estate loans in Denmark have ior years been made through

much as a loan is ar- rflnged by the "Home Owners Loan

the co-operative

is a thrifty man. As legislation prohibits traticn oi’ large estates. landlord- ism is disappearing, and 07 per cent of all farmers own their own farms. '

The welfare of the land is in- dicated by the increase in the cen- sus returns. In 1890 the kingdom had 2,185,335 inhabitants; in 1930 (including 177,696 in North Schleswig, which was returned by plebiscite after the World War.)

there

accounts, and each member receivf

nditions oi the

The railways ate thus instruments to serve a social purpose rather than to make gains for s separate class. Th, introduction of stream- lined trains travelling at high speed is being effected. Thus it seen that the Danes, through their co-operative societies government have turned the econ- omic forces of the nation (credit, and marketing.) from agencies of profit into instru- ments of service. They nobody shou‘d have more than he can use, and that he should be the owner of what he dou use; so they have passed legislation duigned to break up large csostss, and have .. ‘ the estsblilhment of smsil farms-in direct opposition to the doctrines prevalent schools of thought!

in

"They have made it

with an ac

little calculation gives the average size of the farm as 17.5 acres (about) Farms, in many parts of Europe, are small. but with close and ‘ systems of cultiva- tion givp good returns. In this par- ticular ease the state advanced loans oi 51,849,000 kroner, and afterwards an additional loan of 1,- 283,000 kzoner. (Danish Statistical Your Book, 1933.)

, This was .a sensible way oi . granting reliefi With the surety of getting repayment, too, for the Dane

t

the

were 3.555.656

The final paragraph of Mr. Oster-

gaard‘s account is worth quoting litcratim. "Denmark." he says, "is an exhibit of what a country can be made by wlse statesmanship on one hand, and by an aggressive as- sertion of scientific principles and oi human rights on Denmark found its leadership 1 the neglected farmer. The cooper- atlves have developed a new mor- silty in which th. spirit approxi-

the

mates the ideal of “All for each and each for all." But then, the astute Dane is not obsessed with

A NORTHUMBBIAN BEROINE

I have Just finished "I Saw Three ships’ by "Q." It is a Cornish

imaginary);

vaging of the cargo (for their own use) by the natives~who happened to be in church when news o‘ the wreck interrupted their devotions. In the seventeenth century their lore-elders would have helped the matter forward by lighting a fire on the cliffs to lure the ship to destruction, and would have killed any survivors to conceal their crime, but these were a more hum- ane set of rascals, and the story works out to the usual happy end- ing.

There are numberlcss romances dealing with the activities of the Cornish "Wreckers," who in their day built themselves a notorious reputation; but there can be no doubt that other parts of the king- dom were equally zealous, if not‘ equally criminal, in gathering this, "harvest of the sea." Just off the‘ coast of Northumberland is Holy Island, set in water so shallow that

will be and their

believe that

EDDIE

, for an industrial: farm laborer to hor- row at s low rate of interest, for a. long term, from the public funds, up to ninety per cent of the value of a small farm including animals and machinery." (This, one should suppose, ought to relieve the un- employment situation-ii that alert nation has one!) Thus, practically anyone can becomt the owner of a. farm. In accordance passed in mo. JAM hectares oi church and public lands were con- verted into 4,479 small the decade 1920-1980; as the hec- tare is approximately 2.5 acres, a.

farmsin

the recent concen-

other. n high, a Northumbrian heroine,

Build Window Boxes Before Spring Arrives

Cyprus Wood ls Bturtlieat Material.

Many garden tasks can be done in the basement. Making or xe- pairing window boxes is one of them. and you will be thankful for your foresight when busy spring plandng comes. A conven- ient sine window box is 3 1-2 feet long, 8 inches deep and 10 inches wide, and if constructed oi cypress wood it will last many years. Bore I-il-lnch holes in the bottom, 6 inches apart, for drainage, and cover them with broken pieces of pottery.

Petunias are excellent window box subjects because of their ions blooming habit. The new noctur- tiums are also good, as are Violas. Zanzibar balsam tuberous root- ed begonias. Use rich sodi and for- tify it occasionally with tions of plant food; it should have considerable humus in it to con- serve moisture.

the present writer drove to the is- land with the sea barely covering thp axles of the wagon. Running out to seaward was a line of rough basaltic rocks, visible at low tide, and the sandbanks and rocks must have proved a very death-trap to the sailing vessels of former days. From an old book entitled “Black- thaPs Briefie Narration," written in

the seventeenth century, we gather that the Islanders were redoubtable wreckers. The author says: “He (the Governor o.‘ the Island)told us how the common people there do pray for shippes which they sec in danger. They ai sit down upon their knees, and hold up their handes, and say very devotely, ‘Lord. send her to us; God, send her to us.’ ‘You,’ said he, seeing them upon their knees, and their hands Joyn- ed, do think that they are praying for your sauveiie, but their mynds are far from that. They pray not God to snuve. or send you to port, but to send you to them by ship- wreck, tllat they may gette the spoil of her. And to show you that this is their meaning, said he, ‘ii the ship come wei to porte, or es- Chew nuufragc (avoid shipwreck.) they getie up in anger, crying. the (levii stick hcr, she is away from us!" But many a black cow has a white calf, they say; and the de- soendants of these Islanders yield to none in their heroism as life- suvels at the present day.

Not far from Holy Island are the Farne Islands, once the re;idenoe oi the sainted Cuthbert. after- wards Bishop oi "Lindisfame." As these islands are even more dang- erous to ships, there have been several lighthouses erected on them. To the north-east of the Fumes is the Longstone lighthouse, on a hare and fissured rec.’ not four feet

Garden Dreams By The Fireside

Gardening A Real Sport With Thrills and ‘Kicks’ Aplenty.

Design A Fine Art For Amateurs With Tal- ent to Study.

If you see someone these days with a look of elation on his, face (or hers) odds are that he is a. garden fan. All who share this enthusiasm stand on the threshold of their season of delight. The Seed catalogues have arrived, real heralds of spring!

Those who think of garden fans 8-8 queer Persons. cuirousiy inter- ested in seed-v. rakes, sprays and fertilizers and strangely willing to waste afternoons of fine golfing wool-her digging in the ground, have a distorted view of the matter.

There is a. sporting side to gar- dening. Both physical and mental exercise are abundantly provided by the work of planting and cui- tivating and by the study of m1- turai methods through which one may glow earlier and Larger crops than his neighbor.

Gladden design is one oi the fine arts in which amateurs who have a talent fol- it may find opportu- nity for satisfying self-expression, They may fill-DC pictures which 1W8 find in ch they may live.

But in addition to these rewards time is on emotional side to gar- dening. It affords its devotes a.

v ‘t

a»

unpliit of the spirit. Do you happen to know a daillia. m"? 5318MB him in conversation

about his favorite Flower; it is not

hard to do. The nobserve the rapt expression which comes into eyes as he describes the beauties of golden lard of Autumn or scar. let Satan.