, "itttftrtiolirttriiti

, saints‘ 20 SPsctAt-Stk

The SPHIlAL-SIX motor has a posi- tive-duplek lubricating system. in addition to the usual splash lubri- cation, oil iedelivered under pressure

from e

utor pillﬂ l0 l“ crank-

shaft nnliicomsltaft bearings. Loafer . life and‘ better service from the motor in the results.

Ash u who! gasoline and tin ma...) SPECIAL-SIX owners are gelling

50-H- P. dshchablmhserl motor; liD-incb whee}-

boss. shins All Shleb

ruminant comfort 5o: live passengers. r Cass are session-red with Cord Tine

-\l0tlI Studebaker precedent. -

“This is a Studebaker Year" A- Ulmarrs nu

Uncles:

Sumner-hie noun: Iielll“ -

_.__.._ _.__._,

Built in (Ianadn

PlNNACLES

n) r2] iovv your eyes

a l1 Qyic? su pQVs; i '/ t:

m»: can 1.1mm IOMPAN Y YOJLONTO

l2 U lf5l5l~1l1 l l/wur rt) omfrAm o

LOCAL nuances.

J. STANLEY WEDLOOR‘ FENNEL & CHANDLER.

l, ‘ ‘ V’; 4. _ ,- . I¥QQ ~

sv Kaiser t.‘ emotion g solemn‘ RADIATOR

0. writes: Aiter running M! “I six miles thy rsdiator water will boil and the engine will begin to miss nhd Jerk. What is the cause oi this‘! There is a little oil com~ tug up through the cylinders. . have tested my cooling system.

Answer: Tbecombinatton o - overheating and oil-pumping bring. to mind the possibility that - ‘you

v cyiinderoii is not o! s sufilcieuti good qualttrsoltbst it retains it: ‘body under heat. l! this is the case

1 your overheating is due to-exces sive piston friction and your miss .lug.is caused‘ by oil-fouling oi the plugs in combination with poor compression. due to the oil beinr very thin around the pistons and not. making a good gas seat. li your oil remains properly thlcl

"when hot, the overheating may ht

duo to weak fan action, too mucl retarded spark radiator passages clogged or rubber connections clos- ed or rubber connections closed up internally. li there is any question

as to the quality and quantity o?

your engine oil, this better he set tied at obce.

vatvs rmmo

H. B. N. asks: What is the right way to time a four-cylinder, higb- speed engine? What makes an en- gine knock, when there is no car- bun in it and the bearings and pis tons are as good as new?

Answer: .All that we can give you is .1 typical setting, used in highepeed practise: intitlre opens 12 degrees pastbpper dedd center, inlet closes 33 degrees after lower (lead center, exhaust opens 55 d; gross before lower dead center, exhaust closes 12 degrees past upper dead center. Under condi- lions such as you describe the most common causes oi knocking are the following: Too early spark, engine loose on. rframey cylinder-block loose on crank-case, loose ﬂywheel, timing-gears loose on shafts or some oi their teeth damaged, loose pushrods, worn or loose cams or compression too ‘high for the quality of iucl used.

A8 T0 SHOCK ABSORBERS

\ J. H. L. asks: Can you give me any advice as to shock absorbers‘! if they dtd not cost so much should have a set of the air-cushion type put-in but l Luau-nit iiia _\'- u iuighi ho able to suggest some-um; more reasonable in prices.

Answer: Very good results are obtained with shock absorbers of the rubber type, which permit the springs to deﬂect unhindered on the ilowrword ntovcment of the cut but check the severity oi the up ward motion or “rebutld_." ’i‘he;v are comparatively inexpensive, on- readiiy applied and "withstand severe usage. ‘

DEALING WITH THE LEAKY PISTON

It Is A Matter Oi Accurate Sizing And Fitting

Whcn loose piston ilt has ho come serious in one or more cylinders, it pays to correct ii promptly. if a cllnder has become soured or ii it has worn much out of round, it is of little use to try to ilt a new piston and rings to it. A score can, in some cases be re paired by a special brazing and grinding process but boring or grinding operation must be resort ed to and nil cylinders f the bioclt must be enlarged to the same dis ruoter, new, "oversize" pistonn

§.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\‘

slightly larger than the onus being required. inspection and . measurement 0i the cylind- er bore, no scoring or serious ovallzation is found, it should i determined whether the pistons are seriously uudersiae and, ii their diameter at the head» end is than that oi’ the bore by more than ' two one thousaildths inch for each inch of cylinder boa, the fitting of ioversizc pistons should he con- Cast iron pistons “are there referred to. it may be that

if, upon careful

I rrfrs

the pistons are still oi such size as to he usbbio and, in that event the securing of tightness is s matter or new piston rngs. ‘Piston-ring.-

originai ""

loss .

“"" THEuHARLOTPETOWhi consults.

\ e ‘T w , ,,'~' rt '. iujairyfoat in plaoesgfrthiﬂmillli ndicotqr thst- came on it? There “'0 three wires leading to this mdicutor. '

Answer: The most common cause if insnillcient output from u 59W rotor is improper condition oi the ommutator and brushes. ~li the

ind the latter bear on the commu- t ator with suﬂlcisnt pressure are __veil ilttgd lo it? with their ends tree from gluing or dirt, you ought to obtain the iuii output. as- suming that sii connections are tight and there is nothing wrong with the winding. As a general aiq, an- umtneter an he installed rtplse ‘of a urrent indlstor. it would perhaps be well in buying hs smmeter to specify the name nd year of your car, when you ttder, so as to obtain an instru- oent suited to your needs.

QARIIONIIATION OUEftiE-Q V. asks: -(1) Docs carrying oil‘ cause cnjboniaations? (2) Does the

ure the cylinders or pistons in any way? (3) Please explain the best ‘ nethod oi removing carbon. (4)

leather upholstry? _

Answer: (l) Yes. it may result in there etng too great u depth oi ll] for the counectingrod ends to ‘ip into too much oil being spl h- ed, a greater tendency tor 0N work up onto the piston heads an thus more likelihood oi rapid car- bonization. (2) There are some engines upon which_ the oxygen methods should not he used, nc- cording to their manufacturers and we advise their warning to be heeded. Generally speaking, how- ever, we see no risk in using this method, if it. is applied properly. A ' rofessonai should do the job.

ne bad feature of the method is that the incombustihie part oi the deposits is not fully removed and works down into the engine. (3) Removing the head and scraping all parts is the best method and the oxygen process is the next.

teued in mild soap suds and dry with it chnmols. When it is per~ fectly dry n reliable leather dress- ing may-he sed. .

_WATER PUMPS GIVES TROUBLE

A. E. M. asks: Why is ll thati cannot make my water-pump tight? l huversplnccd it several times hut water still escapes slowly along the shaft?

Answer: You may possibly ilnd ‘hat the shaft, where it, passes, througn the strutting-bore is worn ‘onsidcrabiy out oi round. if so, it may" uuvo to he replaced as," is almostimposslble to pack a ehaft in a badly worn condition. , Some- times it happens that ii the radia- tor is badly clogged, leakage at the stuffing-box occurs, because of ‘he txtra pump pressure that acts "Don it. Asbestos graphite string Backing is the. best material to

tried it. THE FRONT WHEELS.

The two, accompanying figures "ll-Millie. ‘in principle, typical front wheeiconstructlon and hear-t "l8 BUDWPFj-Wood wheels beiug' shown. Here A is thsiorked end

_ o! the axle, "IB the steering ktrnckie,

Willi its tapered axis stub. C and‘ D a cross section of the wheel lub with the circular flangé m,“ its‘ tween which and hub shcil D the inner ends of the spokes are se- cured by through bolts G forming a wheel oi the scrcalled artillery Wu», ii is th.» metal hnbrap, which is screwed onto the outcr- Mid ui the shI-ll for the purpose oi excluding dust from this and of, the axle. to confine the lubri- mm and to give finish to the wheeiﬂs- appearance, but which plays no constructional part. At Fig 2 isgshowlt a lubricant r.-- tuining dust-shield to protect tin- inner bearing consisting or rings fast‘ to tho axle and an anti-tint-

too high in the crank-case tend to - ' -

use oi oxygen to remove carbon iu- ’

Nhut is the best way oi renewing ‘

' spindle 1 and

‘Z _V, 4 "m-

» t?‘ w» .

ormcr as perfectly cean and true ‘

professional life.

(i) Clean it with s sponge mois- _ '

~ true

use and we presume that you have , r

w]!

-= _.__:~_.%~ s;__-__._.-.____~ . - . _~__.;.- -* _,;_ __..-.. <. t

r-t ‘right uugicit to the axiv. that turning; thcrton by a vnttct pin. the weight uf the car iutporaa. 'l‘o atljtist tho hearing nul (J l: lhuct- it. is ptt-uvrul praviict- to rcrtwvtrti on its thrc-ttl, ii/rclilr: ill-- Lnlplny in front whorls iu-arintgs miter coho lnwarti and rclrttivcl" nilhcrttfthocup-uptlw-ourvui‘of the drawing the lnuor cuuc outward. tapered roller type, both oi‘ ivhich ,unlil tht-ir respective cup-i are. are adapted to perform this double close enough to their r-nnﬁu so tho-L riutv-Awo bearings being t-lupliiy-_ilit~. two sits of bulls havt- just ed in each wheel, one at the out~ enough freaiom of ntovetttr-nt to -r r-iifl th-- otlmr at thu inner and permit their easy rolling, but not oi the hub. I-‘ig l shows a wheel enough to ulinw undue wabblinit |-rt.v.l-»tl WTh -s pill" of ctlp-autl-II- tiu- wuI-i-i on Ill-t uxln. if til-- cone bearings, in which I. is .1 end oi the left wheel were pro-

[B]; washer he“; by them 853m“ suction uf ilm cour- 0' tht- lnnerlvltit-d with u right hand thread.

bearing and IM is a section of its forward motion of tho car would cup, a "cage" of steel bulls bllllli§fltflitl to uiako (.l work lﬂilrtt‘ anti, t» confined between the uccuratoiylgtrard nrzuitist this, a left hnttdei ground inner surfaces of these twu_ thread is gmicrnlly used on tiii: parts. The couo i. is ilttc-ti to axle spindle and a rlghthaitilctl the nxlt- nnd the cup is hold thread on the other. in l-‘iz. L! uyiinst an internal shoulder in tape-rod rolltu- bearings are shnvu the hub. The outer barring is the in use, the bearing putt-is helm: same in construction, hut revers- r-xnggenltcd. lit-re N is a time". cd on the uxlo spindle. Nut t), ~~t~tinn of tho innvr ‘FAN’. fitted to with a washer under ‘u, scrt-ws uu- the spindle and P ls a section oi’ to the threaded end or the oxlo the outer race oi tho insult; lIHiF- is ‘nicked against lug, sett against an internal shoul-

Ford, Ontario

tier in tho hub, and between the lwu

around surftpres of tin-so. parts ls a “magi” of tnpnrnl ntr-nl ruiirrs. Tho ouit-r livilfliig

and l'(‘Vl‘l'Si'll as to tiu- imrlina- tion oi its bearing surfaces. ‘villi-i iltnlPlilllt-Jll, nut 0 ed onto its tht-e' i uutll tho tn-qirir" ml wcil-gc-likc action between that innclnand outcr net-cs of the two llt‘ill'illl',.~l, lo ttiliiilc lllu iwu sch; tit’ rollers to opt-rate with ihr- r--- quircd frcmlotn, but to avoid any

the axle, is secured. in both lin- typcs oi wheel mountings shown, tht- outer hearings resists SiFPFiAvS acting to crowd ll. tut-Jmth ht-ur lugs serving to carry tho iuud. l.u- hricatlon in huth typi-s ls h); moms of luhricuut-Arsttaliy n thin greuso-milcked lnio tho huh space lit-iwt-tm rht- two livirillll-{ii or up- plied to the parts of vat-h hoar-

lng before it is put iii-lo place in the hub.

l.t Li‘ the saute construction hut smullvrtettcioee scifaaddrcvsuzd, 1lflmglFil

T 0' c

‘IN mountain regions, along the shores 9f our countless lakes, through the quiet reaches of the prairie or deep into the pine woods——the Ford Touring Car makes all Nature’s playground accessible. The Ford Touring Car has quite as important a bearing on the practical duties of business and

Its serviceability suits every week day requirement.

"ti, . - “ With 700 Ford Dealers and a, 000 Service Stations 1n Canada, you are assured of prompt, efficient and ever-available Ford service.

Ford Motor Company 0i Canada, Limited

undue 0nd motion of tho wheel ou-

f try

r i; ' ‘lib-J

‘HQuentioun of general interest to motorists will be answered in this column, space pﬁrmitting. it an immediate answer is dcair i, Address

enveIopQ. Albert L.

'i‘oiCiough, care of our office. is turn~' -—-———<I*."-—-—

I Lachule, Que. 26th Sept. i908, Minsrd's Liulmcnt. 00., Llinllutl. (lenilemem-Jdve-r since coming homo from the Boer war l have Y been huthored with running furor Icon-s nil my legs. i trit-d many sulves ntul iiniments; also dot-tor- cd continually for the blood, but got no purmam-nt rcllcf, till last y winter when my ntotitcr got mt- to MINARUS LINIMENT‘. tifieut of which was magical. After two bottles the sores completely

'l‘h o almost

ldisuppcnrt-ti and i have worked

t I

cvcry working day since. Yours gratefully. ' JOHN WALSH‘

_ Plahuiﬂrknni"

' q wear much more rapidly than pis-

~ tous~~-friclion being quite severely

I; cuticentruted upon them-and very

, often pistons and cylinder bores

KEEP t nutweur- several oi them. in

1 * E “ replacing rings, the correctness o:

THE BIG VA“UE _' their ilt to their grooves and to the

9 AND CAKE a cylinder walls, is of much more

‘ . t "n E . I inrportance than the type oi ring

953T" m“ | _ ' ‘new “m "M!" Erma o t used and something on this subject 11mg“ m 1‘ s-noust-ro. HAMILTONJZAN-nmm" will be furnished later.

1/1/1111 y, it i i \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

Pa» ‘Fain: -

‘AMMETER IN PLACE OF CHARG- ING INDICATOR

--~~ .:>-=:-: ~

A. Mei. asks:

. y, with a generator that has been set "°" ‘*“““"°°" ' ' ' " ahead as ier as possible, but won't

l deliver any more electricity to the , ‘ - Z i:

buttery? Can an ammeter be put I . _ I f I _. h ‘ ‘ .' ' i l \v if “he inside of the hub-‘shell. The g l ~ a

road wheel not only has to rup- L 0 u R r

forﬂread, Cake!’ épawfryjl

withstand the severe shocks re-

sulting from road Jrregulanitiez. 77w 8t: tawrerlucienﬁ-‘lour MillsCo ' Jlrlikstrsvllﬂﬂ. HaIilhx/MS

‘ . What is wrong < V _ t.

KEEP IT SWEET

‘ ltd“ sweet '0 t, Sicktiess lilil ran i "i"‘°.“ °lt""“"""""'

Least rates

I Q

Stock Phnpanics u.

m'“s'£'¢i-'&l-s",""'

ighmond St \ ’

nottotown but it. also has to resist the violent sldc stresses. due to centrifugal force, that result when .1 (mr nov- es in n curverl path. Those iat- ter forces which tettrl to “dlsh" the, whwis. that is. to throw m» hub out of the plane oi the spoken and break or pullout the spokes Qg 'ni the huh are. of course. trans-

mitted through the eel to the - r bearings, which mus therefore be

ldnpled to resist very severe end

trusts in ii with the axle as well

as the on! radical pressures

t t _ I