PAGE FUUK

THE GUARDIAN

Morning Unllp (Founder! In lull) nulhurlzrd an rierund Cline Slisll. Pout Ollloo Department, Ottawa. The lelund Gunrdlnn Jubllehlng Co. norm- und llnrillllll lllmtor- 4- I» 5""""- Asemilnto Edllnr. Frank Walker. "The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than

the Weakest Iflk-"i

DHARLOTTETOWN. TUESDAY. NOV.<30- 1943

St. Andrew's llay

The wor-ld around, Saint Andrew's ‘Day is observed by Scots and those in whose veins runs Scottish blood. Behind the traditional observance of the day of a patron Saint is more than nar- row nationalism. It reaches far back into early human relationships, and forward towards de- velopments as yet but vaguely envisaged: If ony- thing, distance adds zeal to the celebration. and Scots seve-ral generations removed from 'thc lond 0' cakes" thrill to the music of the‘ PIPES. and pay their homage to the haggis, with a5 great devotion as any of their kinsfolk in the old land.

Scots early in their history showed a ten- dency to wander to other climes. Hardly had the diverse racial elements of the Lowlands and the Highlands merged into one nation before the claim to ubiquity was asserted. The church early contained Scotsmen who appeared in other lands. The profession of arms was not far behind. Sentimental and political connection with France gave that country its Scottish element in the ar- mies, and many other lands on the continent also knew the Scot as a professional soldier. To- day the Royal Scots, territorially assigned to the Lothians, proudly bear the Army nickname of "Pontius Pilate's Bodyguard." Actually they were formed on the continent from the remnants of the Scots Brigade in the service of the Kings of Sweden, and of the Scottish Archers of the Guard in the French Army. Charles the Second after the Restoration in I660, possibly through Scottish sentiment as a Stewart, placed this regi- ment in the senior position in the British infantry of the line.

In more recent years Scots have achieved fame, not only for military prowess but in all professions and walks of life. The most distant parts of the British Empire have their Scottish names and the roll of leading statesmen, bank- ers, lawyers, formers and business men in Can- ada is replete with them,

For many years our Prince Edward Island Caledonian Club has celebrated St. Andrew's day with the traditional banquet and postprand- ial speeches. This occasion is no exception, and tonight's programme at The Charlottetown pro- niises to be a most interesting one. The princi- pal speaker will be Dr. the Hon, Cyrus Macmil- lan, who is well qualified to propose the toast to "The Day and A‘ Who Honour It."

ll. S. Tackles Teacher Problem

Authorities in the United States as well as Canada are becoming seriously alarmed over the teacher shortage problem. In the neighbor- ing republic one million new elementary public school teachers are needed at the rate of l00,000 annually for the next ten years, according to an estimate by a joint committee of the Na- tional Education Association and the Nationa\ Congress of Parents and Teachers. The com. mittee has outlined a plan u-rging teachers, par- ents and other citizens to unite to "interest our finest young people in teaching careers by im- proving present conditions and by showing youth what is attractive about teaching."

The plan involves study of the school fi- nancial situation, particularly as related to sol- ary schedules and the ability to obtain good teachers for the amounts paid; a survey of com- munity conditions affecting teachers’ happiness and contentment; interpreting to parents and others the improvements necessary to secure and hold good teachers; building in every way possible prestige and dignity in teaching; striv- ing particularly to elevate the status of elemen- tary teaching; encouraging young people to prepare for a teaching career by stimulating or- ganizations to offer scholarships, and according local teachers the rightful position due them as members of o highly respected profession.

Governments con do much in the way of encouraging a teacher recruitment programme, but public opinion is the driving force behind all movements of this kind. It is to arouse public opinion that the plan above outlined has been launched in the ‘United States. Its ap- plicability to Canada will be obvious to all who have studied the situation here.

Markets For Britain

Great Britain is making a vigorous effort for a better balance of tra-de with Canada. In the past Canada has always sold Great Britain vastly more than Britain has bought from the Dominion. On the other hand the Dominion hns bought more frcm the United States than we have sold to the Republic. It has been a trian- gular trade, ‘with Canada paying her Ameri- con bills with British sterling.

However, this system has broken down. Britain has not the dollars to pay for her un- balanced trade in the United States. The result is that Canada by a policy of austerity hos en- deavoured to balance her trade with the United States, and that Great Britain both by auster- ity and by a drive for export trade is endeavor- lng to increase her Canadian sales.

Both are proving successful in their efforts which is encouraging for future of business bath ln Canada and Great Britain. Recently it was announced that the balance of trade between Canada and our neighbor to the south had been nearly evened off. A report from England shows that while the balance is still excessively against Great Britain in her trade with Canada, yet Brit- lsh soles to Canodii are on the increase and the balance against Great Britain is not as exces- sive as l‘ the past. skhritoliofifidllillltllflllllllltill!

Britain should be maintained. Britain is still the world's greatest market for our agricultural pro- ducts. But under present world conditions we cannot continue permanently to sell to Britain unless we are prepared to buy from them.

EDI IURIAI. NU [ES

The Feast of St. Andrew, Scotland's Patron Saint.

I U U I "Scots who hoe wi‘ Wallace bled Scots whom Bruce has often led," or, at least their descendants will be vocal here as elsewhere tonight. I C Canada is steadily progressing towdrds a free Government medical service as in Great Britain, beginning at Prince Edward Island. i I I i Today is the final day for the export of certified seed potatoes without a license, and for table stock license or no.

" U i‘

Dominion Succession Duties are coming in for a good deal of criticism just now. The com- plete re-writing of the twenty year old Income tax law leads to the hope that succession du- ties will be subjected to a similar process.

I i k i

An interesting development is being con- sidered by the city of Ottawa's Board of Con- trol, provision of "garages for baby carriages." The idea is to provide shelter for the carriages and babies while mothers attend the city's clin- ics.

i it fi

Remaining Commonwealth countries con continue to treat Eire’s citizens "as if" they were still British subjects, but foreign coun- tries may well object if we continue to accord the Republic of Ireland the present trade prefer- ence over most-favoured-nation rates.

-‘ I h‘ ‘If ¥ The facility with which government depart- ments can lose things is legendary. The latest, for the record, is the loss of o house in Hamil- ton, Ontario, by Central Mortgage and Housing Corporation. They are supposed to have l,65l houses in that city but only 1,650 can be located. I K *

Just before the imposition of potato export controls by Ottawa, Solicitor General Jea-n had announced that possibly the last use of Order- in-Council under the Emergency Transitional Powers Act had been mode by the Federal Ca- binet. lt would seem that the present Govern- ment has lost the technique of governing by ordinary non-emergency procedure.

I I I Saint John, N. B: again wants to change its name. It has done so twice already, and now

thinks as its saintly appelation has become al-

most as common as the ubiquitous Smith, pro- poses to select a designation which will distin- guish it from cities in Newfoundland and Que- bec. An appropriate and appreciated name would no doubt be Moxtown or Beaverville after New Brunswick's muniflcent financial benefac- tar, Rt. Hon. Max Aiken, Lord Beaverbrook.

4 ¥ ¥

A Chicago doctor ‘nos come up with a new explanation for that aclie in the small of the back. He attributes it to "not being able t.‘ cope with the everyday pressure situations." The reaction to domination, the worry of meet- ing a deadline, or the necessity even of stand- ing in line, causes many people to stiffen their spines with resulting lower back pains. But he omits to state the remedy otherwise than the obvious removing of the cause.

“k k i i

At a Canadian Club luncheon in Ottawa, Mr. Laurence Steinhardt, the new United States Ambassador, issued o warning to Canadians "to be prepared." "As long as we ore prepared to de- fend with arms, if need be, our liberties against the aggressors, from within or without, we shall continue free . . ." he said, but there were peo- ple, possibly some of them through ignorance, who wanted to destroy the liberties and free- doms enjoyed on the North American contin- ent. For that reason, liberty should not be taken for "granted.

l‘ i’ ‘R I

Rt. Hon. Winston Churchill, soldier, states- man and litteroteur, born this date I874. Took on active part in four wars, Sudanese, South African, World Wars I and ll. Has played im- portaiit roles in three political capacities——Con- servative, Independent, Liberal and finally again Conservative. He helped tzigetLloyd George to take the helm when Asquith's leadership almost resulted in the collapse of the country through lack of aggressiveness; and again was the "man- of-the-hour" when Chamberlain's pacifness al- most landed Britain into the jaws of Hitler He saved the Country, the Empire and the World, but he could not save his own party from defeat at the first post war election. As a writer he is excelled only by his own power of oratory. His life of Marlborough (his grandfather), his his- tories and biography are best sellers in every sense of the word.

"R l Q I

There are varying views on the European economic situations, and that of Mr. John Guil- ther, world-famous author and newspaperman was given to the Saint John Telegraph-Journal Saturday. "A feeling of modified optimism" was tho term used by Mr. Gunther to describe the pres- ent attitude of the people of Europe. Mr. Gunther, who is accompanied by his wife, arrived in Halifax following a five-month trip on the con- tincnt, and visited Saint John briefly en route to his home in New York. "l don't think there is going to be another war. You can sense all over Europe a feeling that the countries cannot afford another conflict," said Mr. Gunther. The

author made special mention of his visit to Eng?

lond and said that country was the best off in comparison with the European countries. "The people of United States think England is in bad shape" said Mr. Gunther, "but the people of the British Isles hove exhibited their qualities of stamina and discipline and are carrying on uoiiderfiillr-ii‘

)

_GUARD1AN,

CHARLU'l"l‘E'l‘£WN

TO CONTlNUE GOOD SELLING ~

PUBLIC FORUM

This column lo open to the discussion by correspondents of questions of Interest. The Guardian doee not necessur- . lly endorse the oplnlon of correspondents.

COMQWGWMQ LONGEVITY CANDIDATES

Slr,~—Contlnulng the list of long- evity candidates appearing in the Public Forum-all 90 years, or over—we now have the following TTBTTIBSZ Mrs. Wllllam Smith, Newton

Cross Mrs. Donald MacKlnnon, North

River ................. .. .. 91 Mrs. Sarah Tamyln, S'Slde .. .. 95 Mrs. Elizabeth MacKenzl

Charlottetown ... .. ... 104 Mrs. Tresu Reid, Ch'towr1 9T Mr. Thomas Henderson, Long

Creek 92

Mrs. Harriet Taylor, North Granville . ., 96 Dr. R. J. MacDonald, St. Peter's 90 Mrs. D u r1 c a n McGllvery, Churchill .................................. ..

Surely there must. be other old- sters to hear from yet. If o I would ask that. their names be sent to The Guardian.

I am. Slr, etc. "UNCLE JOE".

A CRITICAL HEADMASTER

Slr, — Your comment in Sal:- urdayk "Editorial Notes" about our schools in which you state.

large assembly ln u remote place, tie had noticed e lad present. with a lunch basket. Again when a party of foreigners approached Phlllp asking for an interview with the distinguished Teacher it was Andrew who boldly set. aside the traditional barriers and led them at once to his Master. He was one of the four who book advantage of their intimacy to question Jesus about the future. “Tell us when

. and what shall be the sign?" Hts name appears repeatedly 1n the llst of ohose chosen to be Apositles.

O O

So there can be no doubt he was admitted to close familiarity with Our Lord during His public life; that he was present at. the Last. Supper. beheld the Risen Lord. witnessed Lhe Ascension. shared ln the graces and gifts of the first pentecost and helped. omld the threats and persecutions, to establish the faith in Palestine. When the Apostles went. forth to preach to the nations. he, true to his name. valiantly undertook a man's share in Scythla and Achala. It. was at Potrae, in the latter. by the order of a Roman governor he was crucified at the end of November in one of the last years of the reign of Nero, For cen- turies iboth Greek and Latin branches of the Church have ob- served Navember 30 as the festi- val of his martydom.

The cross on which St. Andrew suffered’ was of the pattern tech- nically described as decussote. that ls X-shaped. From a source which no one seem; able to indicate there came a story which may be fanciful but ls not without an element of interest. It tells

"where about half the time ls devoted to hockey, ball games.’ pictures and other entertainments". was too serious to let pass, lf true. end even more serious if not well! founded. It ls because I feel that the integrity of our local press, should be. as I have always held. it to be. above question, that I venture to suggest that a quest-ion. mark might follow the statement‘ quoted above.

Speaking only for the school for which I am responsible, I can merely request as humbly as possi- ble thal the writer of this sweep- ing criticism be good enough to come and spend any part of any school day in any one of our class- rooms. If, as a result. of such a vLslt. he can show me that any part of schooltlme can be spent to better advantage than that which‘ \ve are presently making of it, Il shall he glad ofanysuggestlonsend promise tn do my best to see that all reasonable ideas are glven a fair trial.

l am. Slr, eta. L. T. LOWTHER.

-—Prlnrlpril, Prince Street School.

(Evidently Colonel Lowther ln- tends his letter lo be lronlcal. ~Ed. GJ

Saint Andrew

lEXChflllZEl

Concerning one whom so great. u jam-flan of the Christian world honors on this day, lt l5 discon- certing to flnrl how little ls written. The fnc! mny be accounted for, from the circumstances that. his llfe work was among notions of whose records. previous to the quiet ‘settlements of the Church, little remains; and that. ln the wlld and lawless times which accompanied the breaking up of the Roman Emr-‘re, even lingering traditions about him would pass away. With respect b0 the limited number of details given in the New Testament. there have been given two reason; which offer a sufficient explanation. For ((1) the purpose of Holy Scripture ls to set. before ue the Person and the teaching of Christ; and whatever else enters into the four Gospels l; merely 1n- Clllehlfll: and i2) ln the Acts of the Apostles the object ls to show the work or the dutch. and not. glve the history of lndlvldunle.

Andrew was the brother of Blmon Peter. His name ls of Greek orleln and means rnsnllnese of valor. He lied been en eesoelste of John the Baptist. At ‘hle first meeting with Jeeue of Nazareth he discerned 1n Hun the Christ. Ao- eordlngly lie lmmedlstely sought. out his brother to introduce him. On e later occasion when food

about. two small boys playing ln the sand by me shore of an inland sea, They were the children of a fisherman whose boat, was beached not far away. In sight were the solid buildings of the Roman garrison of occupation. ‘The elder child hurl placed two narrow sticks across each other and was strangely interested. But the ar- rangemenl; bore no resemblance lo any of the letters of the Hebrew alphabet. no: to anything the younger boy had been shown. In answer to the inevitable question came an explanation. “These horrid soldiers hang us. hung our people o1_1 things like this!" O 8 I

There followed the unfolding of B child's passionate resentment, swelling up from hidden reservoirs of long ages of national freedom the soul of a race that had escaped from Egypt and settled Canaan.

and returned from captivity. “Herel

they nail a Jewish hand and there the other: and this long end they drop luto a. hole ln .l.he innocent ground!" But. the tenzler child was not pleased with the play. Dellberately he reached forward to brush away the offensive thing bur his unsteady effert resulted

only ln a change of the pattern.‘ "Look. Simon." lee snld. “It's rllffer- ,

cut. now!" But. the older boy's knowledge was not exhausted. “Atirlre\v," he Bald. "there ls 110th- lrig we can do. Sometimes UIPY use that. kind also."

And so lt was that. the brothers, Simon Peter and Andrew, un- consciously prepared themselves through the intervening years each for his own cross. which in the endnelther of them wished to avoid.

New Biography 0f Cardinal McGuigan

(Toronto Globe and Moll)

In a short, beautifully printer! book of 133 pages, well lllusirnied by photographs. Claude being Fisher of Toronto, has oollecte crucial incidents tn the llfe of Eminence, Chrdlnol MoGiulga/n, from his birth ln 1894 at Hunter Rdyer, Prince Edward Island. to the Marlon Congress at Ottawa In 1947, st. which he presided no the opeolsl representative of the Pope.

Hle rise has been exceptionally rapid. He received his doctor's de- gree from Level at the ego of as, taught. for a yes: at 5t. Duncan's University, and the next. your was appointed secretory to Bishop O'Les.ry of Charlottetown. At. the

age of 26. he was appointed pres-l

ldent of St. Joseph Seminary at Edmonton, at 35 created Ateli- the youngest.

yruaeedeoeteo. uncensored!

bishop of Regina, archbishop ln

i!» whole 89w

e

§M%00<%0

Old Charlottetown (And r. n. r.)

COWS AND OXEN

"Many of our farmers have large stocks of cattle, and. indeed. lt ts ltoo common to see them keeping imore than they can winter well. It lmust. be acknowledged, however, that the want of an adequate mar- ket lo often the occasion of this apparent bad management. Oxen are used in agriculture and for drawing timber out of tho woods more than horses, rind when the mode of working them in harness is introduced, they will be found still more beneficial. Though the cattle are in general small in com- parison with English cattle, oxen have been known to rise to one thousand weight; seven and eight hunrlrcd weight, independent of the liiilc arid fallow is romiuou ‘enough. Our cattle will no doubt. improve l11 size. when the formers aremoi-e generally enabled to keep their stock 1n proper inclosures, us owing to the necessity they iire now under of letting them run at large, the heifers commonly producg calves at two years old, a circum. stance which must evidently hurt 1h: slze of the rattle.

The quaniiiy or butter and cheese mode in the Island boars but a small proportion to the number of cattle. from this practice of permitting them to run l11 the ‘V0945. by svlfich means it often hfflllmlis that l1 great part of the milk is last. as they cannot r1l\vz1_vs b0 found to lie regularly milkmt '1his is an evil which time will krridually overcome. by enabling the settlers to get enough of clear- ed lands within their fences, to maintain their cattle without being itzgder the necessity of allowing

on?‘ to roam at large, as is mo {nuci ‘the case at present. The buy. ti! s_ln ‘general very good, but

ere is \ery little good choose made on the Island. not from any natural defect. l11 the climate or 59"» but {Filly because them are ‘IPTY few lll the lslanrl lllill. know 10w to make u Cllecso prQpQj-Ly-l [he i-‘Ysfllvsl Dart of the inlizrbiinnls haw"? QFll-llfllllly come from coun. trieswliore the nrl of making cheeks final uiirlrrslonrl." ~— r1 ccounl. of Prim-r: Fjrlwnrrl ligand. &c.. by John Siuivnri, Esq“

8r 2?}; 1 fits RDPO-nlviéd Archbishop of Tor- fills-if 5"" "is Younger ;v‘ajolrlsd?éwflesléi .11: world of o _ Omitrlng intermediate steps r1111 31c CIT-LITITCYQLlOII of many honors, ‘u: fliso Etngllsh-speaking Cm-gl- iii-ii of Canada received word n1 r11.» appmnlmenr on Dec. 24. 1545, Q1311 l1e‘\\'as 51. and receivoa 111s m9 R022. the followzng Fcbruary

The book contains a brief Skel(h

of his achievements l11 the vim. nus posxs arizl relailveg; elaborate Explanations of insignia and core. flilimllfllt- f-‘Fllfifilfllly m relation to .ll1e recent. elevation lo the Sac- lerl College of Cardinals. nllh [mnlerlullls of ggreot interest he- ‘cuiise p1" noes o the Church have hcrfitofrlare Ffiglfilliililllll’. figures to 1C5 BT15 O Ill!!!‘ 0. _But the circumstances of pub- lication also warrant mention. The auhhor ls a Protestant and a. llraduate of Victoria College. The book was nor published by eccles- iastical authorities but as a com- mercial venture by a Toronto firm. whose head, of. least, ls qulte emphatically Protestant.