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Shinto

Shinto

Shintoism is acomplex of ancient Japanese folk beliefs and rituals that developed into a national patriotic cult. In early Japan the diverse local prac- tices did not constitute 2 religious system. There were groups of ritualists, abstainers and taboo experts, diviners, and reciters of tradition.

Shinto has little theology and no congregational worship. Individuais worship whenever they wish. Its unifying concept is kami inadequately translated as **go0d’’

Modern Shinto was founded by Kamo Matachi and Motoori Norinaga in the seventeenth century. Motoori’s explanation of kami included the myriad deities of heaven and earth, sprits of shrines, birds, beasts, trees, sea, mountains, ‘‘anything whatsoever which was outside the ordinary, which possed supe- rior power or which was awe-inspiring...evil and mysterious things if they are extraordinary and dread- ful’’ as well as the sacred emperors, persons in au- thority, thunder, foxes, wolves, and peaches (sex symbols).

Taoism

Confucianism

"X<P RESS

Sikhism The Sikh Religion

The Sikh religion combines elements of Islam and Hinduism. It was founded by Guru Nanak who began

his teaching in 1499. Sat Nam (‘‘true name’’) was Nanak’s monotheistic deity.

Sikhs abide by the ‘‘five k’s’’: -not to cut hair or beard (kes) -to wear.a comb (kanga) -shorts (kach) - iron bracelet (kartha) -carry a sword (kirpan)

Most Sikhs refrain from smoking and Baptism is volutary.

The main Sikh devotion is to service: service to

one’s family, to Sikhism, to mankind, and finally the greatest service ofall, to God through martyrdom.

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March 26, 1992 i Page 23