v

i H

l?

\

r llends

" "Y“7°°T1’S§55“5ver. for the world

Wonlnelellyflor the good nErne of

profits which in a. real "co-oper-

JANUARY 7, 1933 '

NEWsY ivoms

IIlfl-IIXIA '

STUDIES IN COOPERATION (2) small, immature and dohoiohi, in fat. The former condition may in- dicafc over-fishing, but tho thfluiegg is due to some lack in the food sup. ply. It would be interesting to know if these conditions are general, all over the Island.

There‘ are in the pages of Han- lard many speeches which for rath- It obvious reasons are not brought before the public by the press and one by Aknes C. MacPhail, M. P., deserves greater prominence in that it is directly nnected with the subject under review. Mia Mac. Bhefl. after pointing out that ma- Fhln"? 8nd 1110M? are enslaving m9 8118581‘ Part of the people, con- tinued: "There is one orthodox way v! approaching this matter, and that is the co-operative method, I should like to take just a minute m- two to toll the house how very suc- oalliul the British consumers‘ on. "Derative has been, even in these “YB of depression Through dur- lng the depression they have in creased the number of People they Imnloy and have increased thou- WEB! scale. In 1931, in Great Bri. W11 B10116. $1185’ employed 5,549 m0" D9091! than they did in 1080. In 1931 they employed a total of 863,037 people. Not only that but may had the best wage rates of any Imup oi industries in Great Brit. "A 01w may ask: why is it that "19 Whfillmers‘ co-operative can lmDIoy more people at better wages than any other industry? I think m9 "MW" 1-9 slmlile and clear, that m9 W-Olleratlve movement divides l" lllfpllls. its profits, among it; "wmbw by participation dlvi. in‘ accordance with the amount of business done. So they themselves sustain their own pur. "1511118 Power. The money goes "W! and round. and instead of llttlflB the purchasing power go back In great profits on one gidg and great poverty on the other, they lustain it. The amount oi this in. creased Purchasing powoi- o; the masses in Great Britain, because o1 the consumers’ co-operative was in one year 230,000,000. That amount l! in participation dividends alone, n 1‘ bewlfllll! bl! business. The “Mum”? w-Qlieratlves in Great Britain have a. capital oi $1,023,. 147.385. Sometimes I think 1i only we had alittle more time that this would be the happiest way of ar. riving at the new state of society towards which we are all striving." This last sentence should niltwlilhg.

year, that if readers would put on record any peculiar idioms or say.

the list subjoined.

lator,

noise. Bomblnate is better. I‘...

Proceedings of C mmlsslon

bolls .

Eschatology, Encyc. Britannica.

mate acquaintance with

Ieflemlly arrears to be heading for momentous changes,

to-opcratlon, when the system was means u ‘vlndmgs and tummgsy first introduced into Canada it was seized upon by certain gmupg and individuals as cover from whence lo advance their own interests rath- er than those oi the members, who nevertheless were made responsible for s. business over which they had 9° wntrol. This was the eiiect oi a "ability clause in the bye-laws, and ‘i’ "m" be Well 0n to twenty years I80 since we exprienoed the lament. able effects of such a "society" in our own Province. I-lad the mem. hers studied what is called "soot- "I11 Co-opcrailon" and insisted on ""1""! 0n their society under itg WIN. it would undoubtedl, have med them some thousands oi dol-

Victor Hugds

nese. gentleness. clemency.

ROMAN BRITAIN, AD. 120-138

The United Farmers’ Co-opcrativo "1 T°Y°Dto is owned and controlled by Ontario farmer-shareholders and‘ in spite of dull times they have distributed a not profit oi $10,976, and have assets amounting to $917,- 209. This establishment handles all that a farmer needs in house, barn or field, and takes all manner oi Produce at various local stations, including nine creamerics. “This is I hilhly successful showing and demonstrates the value of OO-Oper- ation to the far-triers as a class.

In Western Canada, I am given to understand, there are several concerns carrying on as "fanners cooperatives," which ought rightly to bc classed as joint stock compan- ies: in such cases the members anrl officials o i the firm absorb the

intermediate mile-castles watch-towers quarter oi a mile. The BVBTYWhere accompanied on

a well-made military road connect- ed its fortified lcgionary camps.

sections which were carried on sim- ultaneously. _Althougl1 this struc- ture has been used as a quarry whence stone has -bcen taken to build houses, churches and even vi1_ 1589!. 101' the last 1500 years, enough NmBiIIS to excite our wonder and admiration. It is thought that tho Britannic lystem of clrcumvallation adopted by this far-seeing emperor, for ro- mains oi similar walls are found on the distant frontiers in Germany, We must not hastily suppose that the territory north oi the wall was abandoned, for inscriptions show that the towns and forts within the lines set by Agricola, were occupied till the decline of the empire. The “"1901!” Purpose of Hadrian's wall seems to have been the protec- tion of the richer and more highly cultivated country to the south. We blow from medieval history how far, without a barrier of this kind, "w ravages of the Scots might be carried, and what damage could be done before a suiicient force could

atlve" would so to the producers. It is also interesting to note that Chatham, Ont., is to have a co-Q- eratlve factory for soy-bean pro- ducts-the first in Canada for this IP06"!!! P1170050. It is, no doubt, a limited liability firm: indeed the press account alludes in one in- stance io the company. While wishing the new venture every suc- cess one could wish that those in- Wklirating it did not make use oi the term "co-operative" unless the producers actually run the businaib.

ODDS AND IND!

MI- Ire being captured in fair iuantities in our neighborhood lhese days. According to tho oh. lervatlon oi the writer tho nah are

Curiosities oi the language. It was pointed out in these notes, last

lngs, or even odd or mistaken uses oi words, which they might i-uh "Yl-‘ss- they would ultimately have the foundation oi an instructive article 0n our language and liter. ature. The writer took his own ad- vice to the extent of jotting down unfamiliar words as he came across them, and these are composed in

Thesmothcte. In Thomas Hardy's “Far From the Modding Crowd"- a work worth half-a-dozen of the modern books that pass for fiction- Bathsheba (the heroine) after pay- inB her hired help on the farm, and living them instructions, is termed by the author a small thesmothetc. The word means lawgiver or leglg.

Bomhlnak. A journalist says that certain politicians " bombinate in a vacuum." This expressive word is onomathopoetic, and comes from a similarly constructed term “ Bom- bus," the Latin for a genus of bum- ble-bces. NuttalPs dictionary givcs rzaohllatc, tn make s humming

ulosis. "Further, as a re- sult of the discharge of domestic sewage (that is, into the rivers) I, have often seen serious outbreaks of iurunculosls amongst adult fish." oi Conservation, Nov. 1915. A furuncle is a boil, and iurunculosis is the condition oi being covered with

Chlliast. A believer in the millen- ium : one who believed that the ens of the world would take place one fiousand years after the Nativ- ity, that i8 in A. D. 1000. Article on

Aufractuosltics. Referring to Dr. Johnson, Lord Macaulay says: “And it is but Just to say that our inti- what he would himself have called the an- fractuosltlcs of his intellect and of hi! temPar serves only to strengthen our conviction that he was both a Brest and a good man.""Tl1e word

Mnnsuetude. 1n a translation of "Les Miserables," Chap. 7., occurs the sentence: "His (Monseignour Welcomes) univer- sal mansuetude was less a natural instinct than the result oi a grand conviction." The writer's dictionar- ies "fell down" at this word, but

mo "CHARLOTTETOWN GUARDIAN

£hnue.hflnnoba

(Qlllldllilllo)

‘FOR FARMERS, , STOCK BREEDERS

“LATER. ‘THOBOUGHBREDQ

Later additions to the list o1 Thoroughbred horses imported to the province were "Sleight oi Rand", dbbfllibtd as '11 goldon chestnut oi good size and oohior- matlon that won ten races in his three year old form, being sired by “Uhcas” a sou oi “Lexington", his dam being by “BtonehengeWa son of "Blair Athol" and trues through both sire and dam to the celebrated Bay Middleton, sire of Saladan. It seems a pity that this horse was not more wdely used as he must have had sufficient breed- ing to enable him to improve our carriage horses.

"June Day" imported to this pro- vince by Thomas Robbins, Bcdeque, was bred in the purple, his sire. Fnlsetlo. was a wonderful runner while Virgil the maternal sire of June Day. was the sire of probably the fastest and most silccessful two year old in America.

“June Day" was a handsome brown horse standing sixteen two hands wlthwhiic star and ankle. As a race horse he won. as a tWO year old three quarter mile sweet!‘ stakes in the fast time oi 1.15 1-2 and later the same year that record to 1.13 l-2—latcr meet- ing with an accident wh’ch ended his racing career.

A5 a breeding horse “June Day" sired many beautiful carriage hor- s05.

“Wood-burn" imported to Prince Edward Island in 1902, by Messrs Stanley and Home ls descrbed a!

\

be gathered to drive them back.

The visit of Hadrian to Britain was commemorated by the designs on his coinage, where for the first time in history, we meet with the conventional helmeted female fig- ure, seated with a spear and shield, which, as it is surrounded by the word Britannia, is supposed to have been intended for a. personification oi Britain. After his departure the island seems to have enjoyed a per- iod of profound tranquility, and we learn from the historian Xlphilmus. that the legate, (as the propractor was now called) one Julius Sever- us, was able to carry away some oi his bestoflicers and troops for ser- vice against the revolted Jews.

After a reign oi 21 years Hadrian died in 138 A. D. and was succeed ’ by the emperor Antonlnus Plus. He appointed as his legate Lollius Ur- blcus, a man of undoubted energy and talent which he was soon call- cd to exercise in meeting a new ir- ruption of the Caledonlaris into the Roman ‘territory beyond the W811- Al ihe some time, as we learn from Puusuiiias, he was faced with an in- surrccllon to the south of Hadrian's

51113710311’! Latin dictionary gives msnsuetudo, a noun meaning kind-

It was during his visit to Britain that Hadrian caused that formid- able barrier-the "Roman Wall "— to be built across tlie island from the solway to the Tyne; a massive structure nearly '10 miles long, and fortified with a series of twenty- three military camps or towns with and for sentrics every "Wall" is its southwardaide by a deep ditch and- an earthen vellum or rampart, and

stupendous as the work is, it must have been finishcd in a compara- tively short time since indisputable 818m show that it was erected in =Gmlium‘s Dyke. From inscribed

wall! The remains of the Brlgantes, who had preserved for long a sort of independence in the wild and rugged country from Lancashire to the Lake district, seeing the legato occupied clsmvhcrc, attacked a. small tribc (calloii the Gcnuni) who‘ were living under Roman subjection. Lol- lius was equal to ihc occasion, and falling upon the insurgents sud- denly, almost the whole oi the once powerful tribe was destroyed. His arms were _ equally successful in driving back the Caledonians to their mountain fastnesses.

It will be remembered that Agril cola had erected a line of forts across what has been termed the “upper isthmus" from the Forih to the Clyde: on the same site Lollius Urbicus erected a new line oi forts and connected them by an immense and continuous earthen rampart, which was then called the wall of Ailtollinus, and in modern times

tablets found along its course we learn that besides thc numeious foreign troops employed, all the tin-co legions then in Britain, the second, the sixth, and the twentieth were withdrawn from their south-

ern headquarters to take part in his campaigns. Antoninus, whose reign

“Wall" is only part of a i was thus slgnalized, had mgdnlg

struck bearing on the reverse a fig- ure of Victory surrounded by the single word Britannia.

Th0 Bflkantes whose intractable spirit proved their destruction, were almost certainly an Bboriglngl Ggg_ lic tribe. Pressed northward and westward by other Gaelic and Cym- ric incursions, part of this trim” crossed to Wexford in Ireland, and gave rise to other and -' - - clans. One oi these, the Scctli, again crossing the narrow sea, ih. Vlded "IQ region; xgupjm by "m Caledonians and established a king- dom afterwards known as Scotland. T7111. in Dart. accounts for the foot that the Irish mid Scottish Gaels sneak a vcry similar language,

lowered .

a rich bay with black points, six-

Fur Industry Of Canada

Holds

Strong Position

WI Mbbollslll. Ottawa. in the Montreal Gazette Agmufl Rgvlgw)

teen one hands high and wvlshins 1250 pounds. This horse had a won- deriul race and show record. hav- ing started in almost one hundred races and a. winner oi premium honors no less than fifteen times at major shows. ' Being a. son of King Alfonso made woodburu a valuable horse, as the sons of this noted sire jwere winners oi over one hundred thousand dollars in two seasons.

The province of Prince Edward Island is indebted to the late Hon. John Richards for the importation oi "Haphazard" another richly hrcd thoroughbred. a son of‘ Leo- natus and Netti Howell, lie traces through both sire and dam to such noted runners as imported Eclipse. Pocahontas, imported Glencoe But-

dll-ilfy. lhc fur trade. is woven the

brlllhl thread oi romance. The ivords "fur trading" naturally arouse in the mind pictures of

"Qflzrcens, oi dog sleds laden with belts driven to the gates of trading

terfly and others. Above breeding gave this horse leadership and had he not been injured-when a two year old would have been a won- 1 derful race horse even in his W0‘ yegr old‘ form he made noless than fifteen starts and was many times a winner, the most noted 0f W111i‘ was Morris Park, five and one half furlongs over a soft track in 1.08.

and was a. close second in another race in 1.02 1-2. l-Iaphazard is des- cribed as a. large handsome and‘ highly finished horse with plentyl of substance and high qualty and remarkably good tempered. Stand‘ ing sixteen hands one iml-l high, and weighing about twelve hundred ‘ pounds.

These four horses, I regret to say were not used as extensively as they should have been for breed- ing purposes, but azzy one having daughters of any one of them 119W brood mores that may be success- fully mated with horses 01' Bill’ breed when crossed with standard bred they produced‘ s. class 0f road horses that cannot be beaten for road endurance and when crossed with either Clydes, Shires or Per- cheron sires they produce a real general purpose animal that will iill the bill in any capacity he may be used. such brood mares as these have produced such hOTSBS as W!"

mers Glory, Nbw London, Blue Noble and others well known. t0 our older horsemen.

In the opinion of the writer more extensive importatons 0f real English thoroughbreds would greatly benefit our whole horse in- dustry. It is in Just such periods as the one through which we are p118- sing now tha/t the importance of our horse industry is most notice- able. Motor power may be all right on large areas when prices of pro- ducts are good but when every- thing is at rock bottom as at pre- sru-lt, cheap horse power is the mainstay oi the whole farming lxrwer of the country.

Many thanks to friends who have assisted the writer in supplyins additional facts that helped to make memoirs more int/creating t0 the’ reading public, also thanks t0 the many Guardian readers that have exprctsed their pleasure 10' the writer. I am again reminded that Prince Edward Island had still other sires that have not been mentioned. "Ball Hornet“ W85 8 thoroughbred that did service in northern Queen's; h: was a hand-

some horse, clicstxxut in c0101‘ and at least one of our speedy horses. namely, "British Ginger“. traces directly to "Ball llomet.”

"sr William Wallace" was im- ported from United States; 110 was a. handsome seal brown horse that was principally used in King's County. while not a largo horse his stock were real good road hor- ses that proved thclr worth as general purpose and road horses. “Lambert King", a son of Royal Lambert" was ‘brought to the Is- land by Tryon parties. A bright chestnut he carried much nf that quality that ‘brought the (Psccnd- ants oi "Daniel Lambert" into prominence as road horses and speed prQrprcPs. If I l‘.“llll‘llli)‘.l' rightly this horse did not iiVl‘ long, hence we have only a limited num- ber oi colts.

I know that I have no‘. mention- ed every horse imported hcrc but during ihc course of tho xvi ‘fer oi 1033 I hope together more infor- mation that may be of interest to the hot-cc fraternity ac I cxprcq to have 802F559 to records of Afrirtlme races in the nintys.

"r. W. ll. llarsoii

CHIROPIIAOTOR

flircc Year Palmer Gradual: I06 Prince 8t. Phone i072 llama Cali Made.

(By II. lllcDougall. Ottawa)

Abo l; Crada’: most anc on‘. in-

traps laid in the snow under the

forts by dusky natives. of schoon- ci-s loading furs at the forts oi Hudson's Bay. Through the pages or curly Canadian history run the trap line of the Indian and the Paddle of tile Voyageur. Not loitg nftcr the munch explorers firs‘. landed on the banks of the St. Laurence the fur traffic began. pelts taken from the animals cap- tured by the Indians being barter- ed for mi-rchatdise brought in sall- ing boats from France. Furs were shipptd to Pat's to bedeck the cos- tumes o! gallants and ladies at the court oi the Bourbons. Monopolles in fur trading were granted to St. Mnlo merchants: stockaded trading forts arose at Todoussac and other strategic pews on the river. Cou- reurs dc bois seeking new rich fur fields paddled up the forest-flank- ed rivers of the St. Larvrcnce wntor- shed: the crosq followed close in

still very robust, despite conditions that have prevailed during the past two or fluxes years, and Canada W"! 1011i retain its proud position as one oi’ the two great natural fur reserves oi the world. Even with settlement moving farther and far- ther lnto the Nortllland, there will still remain vast areas unsuitable for cultivaton which will harbor‘. the fur-bearing animals. Aside. from the Natlozal Parks, the Cana‘ dlan Government has set aside‘ great areas as game preserves. One» of these, the Arctic Island preservei has an area of over 500,000 square‘ miles. On these islands only the’ Eskimos, who supply the Arctic fox, pelt t0 the fur market, are allowed to trap. Other sancturarles are tllc Yellowknife, Peel R'ver, Thelon a:d Slave River preserves.

It is the fur ranch, however, that is Canada's most important colitri~ bution to the preservation of the world's fur rade. About fifty years ago a few ianriers in the Province of Ponce Edward Island attempted with some success lo raise foxes in cages. From this small beginning a great industry has developed. In the season 1920-21, pelts taken from ranch brrd animals represent- ed about three per cult of the total

the wake of the trader: behind the coureur dc bois and the priest came the» flour dc lys, and the do- minion 0f the Bourbcns spread quickly westward. For a time the beaver sk'n W38 the viz-lit of cur- cmcy in New France.

Had it not been for the beaver. the marten and other furry deni- zens oi the forest and tundra, it is quesfowable if this country would ever have come under the sway of the British Crown. In the latter days of the sixteenth and early days of the seventeenth century, English navigators sought the une

of the Northwest Passage wlfch.

would loud them to India. The voy- ages were unsuccessful, but they had led to an accurate charting of mzdaoms Bay and had disseminat- ed the knowledge of the rich fur resources of the Northern Terri- tories. Following a visit of Radisson, a famous French voyageur, to the English court. King Charles II grazvted in 1670 a charter to the Hudson's Bay company, the irst governor of which was the Cava- lier leader, Prince Rupert. IFort-s were raised at the mouths of rivers

about the littoral of Hudson's and James Bays, and trade was carried on in an ever incrcasmg scale with the natives of Rupert's Land. In later years another great fur trad- ing orgonizafon camc into thcplc-i lure, the Northwest Company. which had as one ofits partners Sir Alexander Mackenzie, whose name is given to the great river of the Northwest Territories. The 1115-‘ tory of this compary is the story: of exploriif/on and pioneering‘ through the far western lands,‘ across the prairies to the fringe of‘ the Arctic seas. For many years there was bitter struggle between these two companies for mastery‘ in thc fur trade. but finally in 1891, they amalgamated under the aegis; of ilic Hllclsorfs Bay Company. In 1850 filo monopoly of trading in Indian territory expred, and a few years later the grunt fur compazay. in consideration of a mymrnt l" cash and in Western lands, surren-