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" “The strongest memory I: Weaker than the weakest ink.”

THURSDAY, OCT. 2, 1958.

Public Opinion

. “ Vice President Nixon says he is “shocked” at the public’s unfavour- able reaction to the President’s and Mr. Dulles’ policy in the Formosa Strait. (Letters to Congressmen run as high as 15 to 1 against the decision to defend the off-shore is- lands.) '

Mr. Nixon is worried on two points, particularly. He is afraid that the people are not aware of the danger that might result from ap- peasement or of the President’s re-

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sponsibility to lead public opinion-

and not merely reflect it in official policy.

As to the first, if American public opinion is not by this time alert to all the pros and cons con- nected with the Far East situation, all one can say is that most Ameri- cans must be asleep. Never was there more said and written about any crisis. The fact is that the pub- lic; does not regard a hands-off policy regarding the off-shore islands as "appeasement" but just as good sense. Neither Mr. Eisenhower nor Mr. Dulles has explained why he thinks that abandonment of Que- moy and Matsu to the Chinese Com- munists would inevitably lead to an attack on Formosa. The Communists themselves are saying that, of course. But they have been saying it for years without doing anything abput“ it. In any case, it seemsto be generally agreed among military ex- peits—several American admirals have said so openly—that the islands have little or no‘strategic value for either side.

As for the President’s respon- sibility to “lead” public opinion and not merely reflect it, this is true—'-

to/ a point. It is the function of'

leadership to lead. It is true that at the beginning of both world wars the American people were opposed to participation. If they had not been, it is probably correct to say, in both instances .the United States would have joined the allies at the start. When she did enter, leader- ship had convinced the public that no other coUrse was possible with honour. In the present instance, this. has not been done. If the United States were to go to war with China over these little islands, public apathy would present a serious prob- lem. In a democratic country public opinion is a powerful factor. It needs guidance, to be sure; but that is a very different thing from forcing it into‘a certain mould.

To complicate matters in the present case, not one ally of the United States is in favour of defend-

ing the off-shore islands of China at ‘

the risk of all-out war. They are not saying much by way of opposi- tion, for fear of embarrassing the President and Mr. Dulles in their negotiations with Peiping; but they

are certainly not in favour of the ,

\l'aslrington policy. That is as clear as day. The American people are aware of this; and that, undoubted- ly, is one reasOn why most of them do not agree with the President and Mr. Dulles.

‘ Youthful Honesty

Some time ago the following item was printed on the editorial page of the New York Herald Tri- bune: “Two refreshingly honest youngsters have just been turned up out in East Norwich, L.I. It seems that last week, while playing, they accidentally broke a small part of a steam roller. Instead of merely skeddaddling, they left their sav- ings—$2,62—to pay for the damage, along with an unsigned note explain- ing the ‘axident’. The owner of the steam roller, _ impressed, finally traced them, returning $1.62 (the repairs had cost only a dollar) and offered to reward their honesty with a day at the Mineola Fair, and a visit to the Weslhampfon races. l\”0, said the parents; praise was enough reward and the extra treat might “set a bad example".

Judging by the number of times we have seen this little item repro-

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duced, it seems that it has been carried all over the United States and Canada. Why? Evidently, be- cause it was considered news of first rate importance, as, of course it is, although we like to think that any number of boys in like circumstan- ces would have done the same thing. But it is a little pathetic to realize that modern society is in such a state of disorder that a boy’s simple honesty is something that merits front-page publicity. It is a pleasant story, nevertheless.

We think that the real heroes of the story are the boys’ parents who apparently cling to the old-fashioned axiom that hone§ty is its own reward.

British Fruit Market ‘

The United Kingdom’s new £5 million dollar allocation for fresh and processed fruit will give Cana- dian apple growers and processors the biggest chance to compete in the British market since before the war, reports D. A. Bruce Marshall, Agricultual Counsellor in London, in the latest issue of “Foreign Trade”.

Some £2131 million has been a1- located for dried fruits, which in- cludes evaporated apples; this will enable Canadian exporters to build up sales which have slumped to only a few hundred tons in recent years. Canadians can expect strong'com- petition however, from British growers of cooking apples and also from the canned varieties. The £150 thousand allocation for canned ap- ples is 50 per cent higher than the one‘set up earlier this year. Sales prospects hinge on the European cooking-apple crop, says Mr. Mar- shall. Last year the crop was short and the first shipment of North American canned apples since the war arrived on a receptive market. Nevertheless, the British catering trade will again seek the Canadian product if the price and quality are .right.

EDITORIAL NOTES

The recent APEC meeting in St. John’s, Newfoundland, has been de- scribed as “the best ever held”. It, therefore, can be expected to pro- duce more and better practical re- sults than those which followed pre- vious meetings.

The bullfight held at Lindsay, Ontario, some time; ago put the Chamber of Commerce $9,349 in the red. Excellent! That may dis- courage other organizations from trying a similar stunt. Bullfighting is something that Canada can very well do without.

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What right, asks the Winnipeg Free Press, has Mr. Dulles to say that the Government of Peiping; does not represent the people of China? It is

’quite true there has been no election in China since the Communists won the civil war. But it is equally true that Chiang has held no elections in Formosa or Quemoy. Why should his rule on Formosa be sacred to Mr. Dul- les but the rule of the Communists in Peiping be unworthy of recognition?

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A study of reading habits in an American university revealed that about 15 per cent of all students did not borrow serious books, from the campus library in the course of the school year. University officials con- sider this deplorable. So it is, of course. Just the same, considering the little attention that is paid to serious reading in the average home these days, it is surprising that 85 out of every 100 students take the trouble to borrow serious books.

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Rev. A. Link, an Anglican Vicar in London, Eng. thinks he knows how to build up good international relations. Writing in his parish magazine he suggested that “if Khrushchev, Eisenhower, Nasser and the others had to cook a plum duff together round an open fire in the rain, they would end up with a closer understanding of one another and their own weaknesses”. “Duff”, in- cidentally, is a common English name for pudding.

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Premier Smallwood of New- foundland said that at the recent Premiers’ Conference in St. John’s some of the talks were held “behind closed doors" so that “we could let our hair down and be frank”. The interesting thing is that, unlike the majority of politicians, each of. the four Premiers has a fairly good crop of hair to let (Inuip—although in the case of Mr. Smallwood and Mr. Stanfield 1he political brow is begin- ning to recede toward the political

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THE NEW MODEL

OTTAWA REPORT

Treatment Of Pensioners

By Patrick

Special Correspondent for The Guardian

Ottawa This is a modern Tale of Two Cities. It concerns two

pension from the Canadian Treas- ury on a contributory basis. But each treated oh so differently.

I will call them Mr. A and Mr. B

Mr. A is 85 years old. He lives in Oshawa, and he is entitled to the Old Age Pension of $55 per month. It is lucky that he is en—

A and the welfare statisicians know that it is prety hard for an old man, alone in he world, to get along on a paltry $660 a year. For he has no other sup- port at all.

Like everyone else, Mr. A. has made his contributions to the na- tional pension fund, so he has a certain feeling of personal pro- prietary interest in the fund his contributions have helped to swell.

We all pay into that fund under three headings.

First, there is the Old Age Se-

upon almost everything we buy. The exc ptions are food, fuel and books. here are certain other items which are not taxed but which do not come into the bud- get of the average Joe, such as machinery to be usod in manu- falcturing, and building macer- 1a 5.

Then there is the Old Age Se- curity Tax of 2 percent upon

The Integration Struggle

By Joseph MacSween Canadian Press Staff Writer

The struggle over integration in Arkansas has aspects of a free- for-all wrestling match in which several bouts are waged at once and nobody ever seems to win.

The new statement by the United States Supreme Court may at last brush away some of the legal confusion over the essen- tially simple but bitterly - fought issue of whether black and white children should sit together in southern schools.

Simplicity ends as soon as the prnciple of the problem is stated. Only recently, for instance, has President Eisenhower felt free to speak out on the question, in these words:

“Most of us believe that all men are equal in the sight of God."

LEGAL WARFARE

Probably few Americans would argue with that statement —- not out loud at least—but its practi- c.\I application is another matter. It has been the crux of legal war- fare since the Supreme Court in 1954 ordered integration in south- ern schools “with all deliberate speed.”

Court actions at various levels now are coming to a climax, re- sulting from earlier court actions. , The main antagonists are Arkan- sas Governor Orv-al Faubus, the National Association for the Ad- vancement of Colored People and the federal government.

Here is an A-B-C of recent hap- penings:

Last June Faubus won a signal victory when a federal district judge ruled that Little Rock could suspend lnfegraiion for 21/2 years to avoid new turmoil and chaos i in the city where federal. troops forced integration in 1957. EVASION PLAN

On Aug. is this ruling was up- set, "by the eighth US. circuit Court. and (he Supreme. Court then affirmed the Cll‘(’lll’l court’s decision in an appeal Sept. 12. In other words. the high lribunal nr- dered F a uh u s to reopen the "schools on an integrated basis.

Instead. Fvaubus invoked a new state law enabling: him to close high schools altogether. Then he mover] in put IllF' {.(llnols (lilrler private lease—at $1 a year—and

reopen them on a segregated basis. '

It was to this manoeuvre that the Supreme Court referred Mon- i

Nicholson

one’s taxable income. with a max- imum payment of $60 in one year

Then there is the Old Age Se- curity Tax of 2 percent payable by companies upon their taxable profits. And make no mistake about it, this tax is passed on to the consumer in the price of the goods or services provided by ev- ery company. PARLIAMENT’S PENSION

Mr. B is a former Member of the House of Commons. He sat in 23 sessions, spread over 14 years, before he retired from pub- lic life. Under the M.Ps’ Pension Fund provisions, he was entitled to receive a pension not of $660 per year, but of nearly five times that amount, or $3,000 per year. Mr. B. incidentaliy is not 85 years old and incapable of further em- ployment. He is a healthy and good-looking and clever young man of 46, With considerable professional earning power I be- lieve. WANDERLUST

Now both Mr.’ A and Mr. B. would like to make room in this overcrowded bustling land for oth- er people. Both are quite willing to make the supreme sacrifice of saying goodbye to our bracing northern climate, and go to live elsewhere. Mr. A would naturally like. to accept an offer to go to live with his only living relative a sister. Mr. B has apparently decided to make his home and} work at his profession in (he at-

day when it said that neither di- rect opposition n o r “evasive schemes” would be tolerated. UNHAPPY BOARD

At the same time still another court was having its say. In Omaha, two federal circuit judges ordered the Little Rock board of education to retain control of the city high schools and to maintain their integrated status.

Ireland’s Language Difficulties

By Neil MacNeil ' ‘ North American Newspaper Alliance

After decades of effort to re- vive the Irish language, Ireland is torn by controversy over the results. ‘

Government leaders and edu- cational authorities generally insist th at their campaign has been a success and than they intend to continue it. But criti- cism of their methods is wide- spread and vociferous. Attacked especially are teaching tech- niques and the "forcing" of Gaelic on the people.

There is abundant evidence here that Gaelic, along with English, is the official language of Ireland. Road signs through- out the country are printed first in Gaelic, then in English. Pub- lic documents are in both lan- guages, as are the titles of pub— lic officials, the names of pub- lic buildings and, often, the names of individuals. A knowl- edge of Gaelic is required to pass certain gra d e s in school and to qualify for public office. Debates in the dail (the Irish parliament) often are in Gaelic.

Yet the visitor to Ireland finds that Irish Gaelic is rarely spoken in public except as a patriotic gesture. Many people profess to know something of it but instinctively turn to English to express themselves.

FOR EXAMS

The would-be civil servant crams for his examination in Irish. Once he passes it. ‘W- evcr, he settles down to a usage

of English. Many senior gm'rru- maul officials and erlxu'aliuual loaders, critics say, couid not

pass an elementary school test in the language.

Extreme critics a t t a c k the, whole idea of teaching Irish as unrealistic.

/ .

‘ melhods of (caching the language.

tractive climate of Phoenix, Ar- izcna.

But at that point their treat- ment by the Canadian Govern- ment varies very substantially.

Mr. B can kiss Canada good- bye and take his pension rights with his, and draw his $3,000 a year regularly each month until he dies, even Lhough he never re- turns to Canada at all.

But Mr. A can go through var- ious formalities, and niust have 8 “Border Crossing Letter” stamp- ed «by the Canadian immigration authorities at the border exit, and report his departure to the authorities. Then, if he tetanus after an absence of not more than five months, plus a month for going and a month for re- turning, he can draw seven months' back pension. But if he stays out of Canada, he can nev-q er draw another nickel of his Old Age Pension.

Now I do not relate this Tale of Two Cities in any sense of criticism of Mr. B who has been a very good friend of mine and who is in no sense acting in a ‘blameworthy manner. Those of my readers who can penetrate his disguise will know that the 1’L\:.‘~'on for his move is perhaps largely Amo-rous.

But it does seem to be very unreasonable that Mr. A, and ev- eryone else like him, who have contributed to the Old Age Pea- sion Fund, are now “a prisoner for life, in Canada, without trail” to quote his words. There are ob- vious arguments for and against. But the restriction on place of re- sidence does seem unreasonable in the case of pension payments which are not ex gratia but con- tributory.

This came in the form of a re- straining order; on the applica- tion of the NAACP. It remains in force until Oct. 6. when a three- judge circuit court of appeals hears the case for a temporary injunction.

The unhappy education board had tried earlier—without sucEess —to avoid all this by asking a judge whether its contemplated course of action was legal. The judge replied that he had no legal authority to give advice—“that is something for which you will have to depend on your counse ."

Prime Minister Eamon de Val- era declares that one reason the use of Gaelic has not gained as fast as it should is the heavy emigration from the Gaelic Speaking regions of Ireland, es- pecially from the western coun- tries, Galway, Sligo and Mayo.

On the other hand, de Valera says the thousands of Irishmen and w o m e n in the non-Gaelic speaking countries now have at least some knowledge of the language of their fathers.

The Catholic church in Ireland comes in for criticism from the lovers of Irish Gaelic. Many feel that the church could have done much more than it did to promote it. Before the Gaelic movement, only a few bishops and priests could speak Irish. Their number has remained about the same, and virtually no church services are conducted in Gaelic.

On the technical side, how ever. substantial progress is be- ing made. Irish Gaelic, like all other Celtic languages, is diffi- cult. Much is being done to sim- plify and standardize its compli- cated grammar and str an ge spellings.

The Irish radio also is doing much to help the cause. It car- ries numerous programs in Gae- lic. The Abbey theater encourag- es authorship in Gaelic by pre- senting Gaelic plays.

In July a sumposium was held at University collczc. Dublin. to

(IISCIIES uhn’ was prong \lilh the Gaelic movement. The lalks were lioslly Iu Irish and all phn r‘s of

the problem were scrutinized. It was announced at the sumposium that the ministry of education was setting up an advisory re- search bureau to study better

Charlottetown began yesterday.

New Drug Gets Good Reports

Herman N. Bundesen, M.D. B’OUR regular monthly report on medical developments con- cerns four drugs which gw; promise of making life muc more p'-asant for countless

ricans.

AITSancopal is a versatile drug. Reportedly, it dramatically halts the vicious cycle of muscle spasm and pain. relaxes tensmn- ridden persons and, when prop- erly used, has virtually no harm- ide effects.

MI 5 SAID TO BE SAFE .

Although it is not yet available to physicians, it has been used to treat painful muscle spasm and mental tension in more than 3, 000 patients. It has been found to be about 90 per cent effective and “as safe as aspirin]: according to investigators studying it. '

It has been tested in treating cases of low back pain, scratica, stiff neck, bursitis, rheumatord arthritis, teoarthrmis, prist- operative spasm, painful mem- struatiou, asthma, ulcers, alco- holism, shingles, ex'cl e in: s1ve

tin and other ai m . swea gTREATS HIVES

Another tranquilizer, Atarax, is reported helpful in treating persons suffering from chronic hives stemming from emotional conflicts.

Investigators say the drug neutralize: the actions of sub- stances apparently responsrble for skin eruptions. It does not, however, cause undue drowsi- ness or impair metal alertness.

Combination injections of this new tranquilizer and prantai, an anti-cholingeric a g e n t, con- trolled severe flare-ups in chron- ic hives cases, the report states. The same combination with epin- ephrine, they say can be used to relieve asthma attacks.