MARCH 8. 1947

by J.A.$

he last issue of the Horizon. we indicated that we mould give r full account of U. N. E. B. C. 0.. ‘a repm-tgd by our C. T. F. dele- w,’ Dr, Floyd wiilougltby. U. N. E. 8. C. 0.

The following are eiwetl?" “o... the above-mentioned re-

pqryLnwy say at the outset that t am very favoturajilyinrpreued in- deed with the possibilities of this M“. Mm o1 the United Nations. nwre was evident at all times a 3 of purpose and a determ- marion to put Education, Sci- ence, and Culture to the great- est possible use in order to build m.» detfences of peace in the minds of men. and I am sure the organization is oiif to a good start. The program adapted by the 00n- (erenCB is comprehensive and real- Mic And priority was given to the protects that are most. urgent and offer tire most effective means for developing mutual under- standing among the nations and “niribllllflg to the pescs and recurity of mankind. It is inter- “ting to note that aside from m; project to aid the Education. Kirrrgifio, and cultural recon- struction of the devastated areas. which was rightly accorded the highest priority by all rub-com- missions and the Conference, the next two projects accorded (the highest priority by the Confer- ence came from the Education 51ih-(nIiiIIliS5iOfl. They are! Long term work for Interna- tional understand!“ - ticn of data on Adult ldumtdon. This proposal, as originally sd- vanced by the secretariat, pro- Vidfll for the calling of e con- fercnoe on adult education in i947. it was the view of the sub-commission in which the Canadian delegation concurred that such s conference would be promatiure and iwliki be W51‘ poned. This view was accepted 175' the Secretariat and the proposal

Int

‘trfis ED UCA TIONAL rtomzozv

--A SA TURDA Y FEA TURE~

wmt m: c. "r. r. ' . Williams

Closely related to this survey will be an investigation into other channels which will. include the press. films. the telephone and telegraph, the postal system, etc. ' It is proposed also to make available more widely the best of the tthotights o1 all men every- wihere by establishing a central inter-library loan system by which readers in any part of the world may have access either in original or in copy, to the print- ed materials in any library in any country.

l. Science Education and Researclr

By the development of scien- tific education and research. is hoped tto bring about better understanding between nations.

devastated countries;

the promotion of research pro- gnrns of international concern.

u; ’ conscience"

In order to establish a sciencehllipifl’ mph Ind Woman. program. it will be necessary tot rehabilitate science education in,E°0i1 health habits in adults but to arranges-WHY in children, because a child for international interchange 01:15 19691311" and V1111"! scientists and technologists; sndfiieve-

‘Pyplcal of the active research health habits because in many that wii-lbesponsored byurmsoo heroes the parent: are instiflicti-

PRESENTING NEWS AND VlEWS 0F INTEREST T0 TEACHERS AND ALL OTHERS IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION

appreciation and thanks to (its Honourable gentleman represent- 1n8 Prince County. Id all our Members of Pa.“ ent were as alert and well-doing to the "Idling body as Mir. MsoNsught, we should not be doing so much clsmouring and making so many requests re salary and other

I

The teacher we believe to be the greatest force outside of the lwme. and in many cases the teacher is more influential than the home in developing good citi- 281i!-

We know from our experience in Junior Red Cross work that teachers have been a tremendous factor in recent years in incul- cating good health and "lsealttih in children. Till is

Roving to be of inestlmsble ivalue in making healthier and

It is most difficult to develop

to be-

The school is the logical place to teach children these good

1 tumor are cross

is that of the effects of various @1111? informal 0r interested in types of prolonged malnutrition delldflllnn! 1118m- If the child be on the large populations 0111411181111 ‘to keep his body func- China and India. Plans are get-twin")! property and learns how

malnutrition faults, chance to gain the

tionslism the effect of technological

tionsl governments to - e

peoples. 6. Plrilosophio rroblems_ \ Finally. UNmCO will examine

for the collection of data was adopted without division.

Program for the improvement of Text Books and Teaching lilatorials as aids in developing international understanding.

This proposal was also consid- ercd of basic importance by the Canadian delegates. It was dis- cussed at great length in gen- era] terms. but was not debated section by section. In view of the strong support accorded t-he pro- posal. the Canadian delegate did not deem it necessary to partici- pate in these discussions.

A third project. as follows, was giien high prioritty by our com- mittee:

.\ study of Education for In- ternational Understanding.

There was general agreement with the view of the Canadian delegation regarding the basic importance of this proposal. al- though there was a wide dififer- ence of opinion as to methods by which it should be carried out. It was enrpnasized by the Canadian dclegate that. this study should be carried on in close collabora- tion with national commissions enti national educational author- ltics of the member States and. that special attention should be given to the matter of the pro- fesslonal education of teachers with respect to tfducation for International Understanding and to facilities provided for such gililctiiloll in the various coun- tries. ivith some modifications the proposal was adopted unani- mously.

Canada. I think, was well serv- ed by the delegation, and Dr. Dore made on admirable htead of the delegation. He has been made chairman of the Executive Board of UNESCO, a real honor. l think. ‘to Canada.

According to information’ ra- ceivetl from various sources. (hm rre two great themes that run through the UNE$% P10811111- ‘lhe first is to dilpsi "that ignor- ance of each other’! ways and livrs that has been a common cause. throughout ihc history of mankind. .0! this! spicion and mistrust between the peoples of the world through which their

lwt Enio war."

The second thme is that the knowledge that is needed for i110 nation of the world to do their tasks 3rd to work in hannony i! s world-wide body of knowledin and that it is by co-otpsrstion of all nations that this knowledge tan best be gained and made available. "The last few dread- ful years have clearly demons- trated that lssk of knowleds! may be s cause of WII-yfllidl which cry out for the concerted Ind disinterested analysis of which scholar-drip and science are cdllable." .

The Program Oonmission adopt- Hl six major undertakings:

1- Fundsmental Idseatfont.

This i: a proposed dsvslogutent 0f a world-wide program in fun- hmentsl education with mini- mal educational standards. The 11m step in this great pmieet Will ‘be the appointment of s Final of experts to assist in the filliltlomtent of programs of edu-

on

1- Rovldonbl Teaching Materials

This will enable people to learn "1 such other and learn the truth. ‘infilltortod to crests preitidioe. ‘hnoanaaiearloa lotweas Pea--

'11\ls one must event be- "Inc of enormous scope?“ h" ll tn- intention eventually i "libido s world-wide network °' "5" and rs- ‘Mien.

differences have too often bro-.

the philosophic problems faced

the modern age. lt will st- tempt to find common ground for understanding and agreement be- t/ween diverse philosophies and religions. This is s new problem for philosophy, and one which is

vitally related to the cause of,

peace.

In presenting this pr the general conference of ESCO. Mr.

ogrsm to

rnent:

"Here, in our opinion, is s pro-l

gram for common action to con- struct in the minds of men such defences of the peace as the

ting started for correcting these 1° W814 0U Prel/tnl-nblfl 1118 8nd

and theWhQ inrqrmsrtionlwhen ill. he is sure to be a so valuable to the future plann-{r-Blhmel‘. 1181715191‘ Child End W111 lng for a nation's food may soon 114K815’ be n bell-El‘ 118M181 Billie!!-

b. ‘Qng, We advise every teadier. on s. Study of Tensions Prince Edward Island. who has Conduolva to War: mot yet developed a Junior Red

Tins will include study of na-i

and lntgpnlflgngugn, room. to stunt one at once just the pressure of populations, and as an experiment. The Red Cross pro- Society has been one

gress on the adequacy of na-‘IBWB! for the economic well-being of and preventive mans‘. but in

l nu

UN- Arombald MaoLeish.‘ as Oymgman o; [he Dram“; Qmn__ Coniunctiva; (2) a middle coat, mm“ U; the Program Comynflg- densely pigmented, called sion. made the following state- 011090111 1111981. Kindle 01 111811115’

measures to adopt

Cross Society in his or her class-

od the est agencies in history, not only in its services »of palliative

' making people care.

1' T110 We is made of three costs: (l) An outer layer the Solers or Bclerotic coat which is cartil. oginous in strpcture, to which the muscles that move the eye- ball are attached. The anterior face o! this coat is transparent, ,snd is the Cornea of the eye. The Cornea is covered in front by a delicate trans-parent skin continu- ous with the body skin. called the

the

‘vascular connective tissue.

The choroid fits closely inside the sclem. but doesn't cover the optic nerve. At the edge ctf the cornea it leaves the eyeball wall

r

' »

PAGE slavish!

THE CHARIDTTETOWN i I < ' l . g t ‘ For Vartet And V l * . . ~ . . afH8 » I S . F h . mu“, n przng as tons ___ ' An outstanding selection of u; fmltq ' _ “mm . Iv styled, finely needied fashions that ' I ' . ab“ ltlollglgvelifiyfufzvltéizlsrtialltlttfngs will be the corner-stone of your Spun. Wnnt as to what was done at our wqrdmbq, 7 meeting of the Board of Direct- , ore of u» O. T. l". meeting in Montreal the latter part of this present week. SUITS-Embroidered cdrdlgons, Isngflr. ened ioclrsis with little-girl collars, beck- r believe u... the adult work 11°11"! Pflflllnli- Crepes, Worsieds, nov- af the society in future years | . . a _ will be very greatly extended by "7 Ivttmsl - . Willi gored or plast- the increased percentage of peo- . ti‘): who learned to cars because ~ ‘d ‘km,’ mack! bmw“: 91W: PW/d". y were Junior Red C ss m- - m; during tnstrusrmiooay? 5"!" 9'°°"- 12 "i 2°. 16% to 24%. I believe that in the years to E figure ti; whole personnel. of mis- hea h work will profit s . . public spirit which received its coATi-swgg.“ ‘"111 “"511 131K5- irst stimulus through the work . 5f the Junior Red Crom. Mil- "l." ‘i Wm‘ Pub” “I'll. 01 child - - . uffmm heflfhhzx°rn"tlket:xiil1fi dressmsitsr itttsds and the new sltorite. B! . ztglmizrétlgtgnetplt gmglervicfleézgxsiahgi Velour: and wool crepss; beige, powder iii’...l'°.‘.li’.irl°if.l’ii‘ir‘lil.f “fir? "'“" 9"” °°"" "‘"Y "d ‘My '1. low it. They are following it to 44 d i6‘ t because millions o! ethq- chfl- on A 1024A‘ dren are following. In conclusion, we would 'again ssk all teachers of Prince Ed- ‘ ‘ ward Island, who have not org- q g anized a Junior Red Owns Soc- ‘ iety in their schools, to organ- ize one this year. Let us re- nmnber the able-ct of the a. n. "Where Smarter Women Shop” C. is “Good Healtltl’, "Good Citizenship", ' and “Service For m9 QUEEN 5T- “BONE 51s Others." 1t is the children's own show. They are proud of the fact that they are members , of a world wide organiatiort. We , , " wish you success in your great work. Keep healthy and work. The world needs your help. You are the leaders of tomqrrpw, (i) How did the seigneur get obtained for the sehniories? (2) ‘ _ But don't put it off. Join now. his land? (2) How big was a How large was the habitsnts 1°11“ F°T1nl1nn¢hif a mass of fore it and thus replaces ' it. A new year lies before you, fair lselgniory? (8) In what way was farm? Why did it face the river? ma" 511' 1"" 111°)" 58311151 1-119 "Iilereiore mixing accounts gor- as untrodden snow. Be careful the seig-rtiory divided among the What advantages were to be '1“ °1' 1°? W l W141 mount-sin. only s very mull amount or how you tread it, for every step habitants? Whore did the seig-ifolind in dividing the land in 11 mm“ "$117 1" 311-11911 below cloud fortnation. when ,1,- i. will show. new‘ live? (4) What. payment long. narrow strips facing the i" “11115114111 19111411915111" ""1 n Munro-Seed. as in s bicycle tire. land service was required of the river? (3) Describe the hsbi- Guild llrvesplt. But this it becomes worm“, anq when n EYE ‘gglgnéligainf réacirtrirrr {or tgalanid? ttgntithlazelfi) What clotlzesydig flak; lndonclouérs nilxozinaisxoars Efilsynds, as when th; n11- ‘m- , 1(5) t a es was se g- e a n- wear W-ha oo - ' escapes rom s icyl ti , has an opening in its centre. the fneur required to provide for the did he eat? (o) What feudal ‘m “'1' Pm"- w"!!! l1!‘ Ell’ 1'- betomes cooler. Air $11.1’.

,Pupil. The iris divides (the part habitants? of the eye in front of the lens The habitant lived a pious. into two chambers. an Anterior carefree life. He had little and gunguéha"gngd P°5l1t°£1°YA°11Bm' he asked for little. He was the l‘. 0 w queous Human Just bemnd the "is the peasant in the feudal organization choroid is thrown untofoids cal- a‘ l‘ 1°“ 5M1” 1“ oamida‘ led the Ciliar Processes to (1) Where were the habitants w c are a Bu -; n1 n tiaoiied tn ' ° m“ CHARLES He was born at Rashuit. Swe-

ory Ligaments that hold the|

Iona cocaine in position? Thei den, in May, 1701. In 17m he was sent to Lund. and afterward to

ciliary processes have unstriat- ad mltrscle fibers, both radical and

rcu r, and contraction can chug, we .,_.‘,’,’;,,,,, on the Ienfllrssla University to sturdy medi- capsulm thus altering the cup cine, but he devoted himself to vature of the lens.‘ There are the smdy °f mmny‘ A rich muscles in the iris, circular and Dutch bank" had emmoyed Linnaeus to superintend his gar-

minds of men can maintain. If nnd Streiflhss cross in front of radical that control the size of

it 1| pomu‘ 1n m, prey,“ q"); the lens, forming the Iris, which the pupQ -, den. l-Ie classified all the P1111115 “,4 lower-in; qtmqgphefe or‘ and trees and shrubs. and. wl-t-le cynicism, suspicion. and despair ORCHARD so studying. wrote his first great for men to agtree on stmoormnon Local Climdl! m“ °“ 111° “hm” M mm“ l" plan, they should, we nk, be, t ' g

able to agree on this. In theyacgémulghfocallnfialiximtirtte wall slenl- istitriilrts mof adequate value toi THE CABBAG final count, in the last doterrn- . ' l’? ' u! Y B I‘ use. ‘Fhe psrticular- 1 1t {an instlon, we trust our power to 14°“ 1*‘ u“ *1" 1W4 1° 4° point of the compass towaa-Wyofirmfiurgesprtggsew b‘;,,',,.,.u,

be men. As mcn—as thinking -men—-as men who think, believe, and have the will to act—we can agree together on the ends of peace. Agreeing on that end, we should be able to agree that there are steps by which the end can be approached. In the high confidence ‘that the proiects here proposed are projects which can bring us nearer to the hoped-for goal. we put these programs in

h d." {,",‘§,,,,.f,’,‘, o; n“ h, age. other things being equal. ‘now. T“, For s similar reason a slope is

Two weeks ago we gave you a hopeful word with regard to de- duction of fees for Income Tax. Since that time I have received word as follows from the Deputy Minister-z"

"A review of the Act by which the P. E. I. Teachers’ Federation was incorporated would indicate that member-strip in this organ- ization would be very essential to the earning of a teacher's sal- ary; therefore. amounts paid as membership fees by teachers to the Federation will be allowed as deductions from income i-n de- termining itmpsyers’ net taxable income." . . _’

The first letter I sent to the Deputy Minister went many days without s reply, Accorfllllli. I sent two airmail letters, one to the Deputy and another to J. Whtson MacNaught, M.P. for Prince County, asking the latter to do what he could to help us in securing our deduction“ Mir. MscNs/ught replied in part as

follows:

"Immediately on receipt of your letter, I telephoned Mr. Brown and asked him to give consideration to your request that payments made to the Tssdiet-s‘ Federation be exempt for income tsx purposes. He informed me that your application would be given immediate consideration. About an hour ister e phoned ms and told me‘ the your re-

had been granted on the 14th instant and that s letter sdvisingt you of this had gone forward tdyou on [the same

ll mippsrently, slthowh the re- lonsges to be found in New quest. nos been granted, the let- Prunes.‘ Thole water ter was late being diupstdud. (l) The governor: Outline his

However. from the rem it may {WWII in the colony. mo be seen that Mr. MscNsught has story of Frontenac to illustrate

been most alert in his duties and has done his utmost to assist our teachers in securing liked deduction.

0n bshal of our P. l. I. '1'. l.

1 should like to express publicly was-k of Jun Talon. the first our most sincere thanks to 1h. and the greatest of the intend- snefleurm for what he has done. ants.

In this connection. I may say

tldt l em seat n; personal olildrsarsad about Laval. first.

lorsely with unsessonable frosts. Because relatively cold sir is heavier than that whdch is warm- er, it settles to the lower levels. Hence, “low ground" is frosty as compared with the higher slopes and ridges which may adjoin it. For this reason sites should be selected having good atmospheric drainage.

Sites which are relatively high as compared with the surround- ing aroas afford good air drain-

better than‘ s level tract wmttch represents the same elevation as the surrounding areas. On the other hand. slopes which are so steep as to make the care of the orchard difficult ought to be avoided unless there are compen-

The soil factor mentally important in relation to orchard sites, but it. does not have the narrow limits sometimes supposed to exist. There are types of soil in certain localities which are recognized as giving e y good results with ap- piles, and. in s broad way. soils have certain characteristics, ee- pecially with reference to their moisture-holding capacity, are sometimes recognized as being desirable _for particular varieties. These are finer distinctions. however. than the average grow- er is likely to make in selecting orchard sites.

To be suitable for apples s soil must be well drained, be re- tentive of moisture to a favor-

The Snowy Owl is large, s» no horns, often very white in color but may be marked with dark bars, white face. home in the north but may come south during winter when food is scarce in homeland. may be seen in

LIFE OF THE PEOPL

Children should become qusinted with the leading per-

t

l

this oft “CG.

i

tbQ

the life of s governor, the weak be did. t-hs problem he bsd to

(l) ‘Rn intendsnt: Children should become familiar with the

(I) The bishop: is sure the

"SOIL“ is funda- able degree, and passes a good ‘next, the pupa stage.

SNOWY OWL

“h”: m’ “m” 1“°“““ 1" °‘ white butterflies flitting through e210 ary importance except your garden’ “tugging along me pttetre trainer-y strap. Under theyroldslde m, exploring the fiekm the? so“ 9g? geylffmvltks “tsometlmes resting on a. flower.

r e8 ‘m8 e “med on where it. sips the nectar or drinks s southern and retarded on

h _ , the dew, sometimes pursuing an- §§§d°'f,‘e eéflififlilengff°nofljmglif other of its kind high up in u...

~ ally making a Pending on their correlation with ‘it’ “d 000.510“ _ other factors. Also. a steep slope “is; gibéfspmncn 1° your cab away from the direction of strong. ' h“ m u d side prevailing winds may afford somel m y“ e“ “e ' n er protecuom of the caisbalge ‘leaves sféervisi? Main. a site in close prordm-‘mi; b“ ti; y ouuwiul probably ity to s large body of water is 1° 1° p“ ‘watch ‘n the Cont“, usually comtparatively frost fifiqnfnd t“ ten days Wm haw}, The influence of “ch Md!“ M lzhtt? rein-cod of tin-y caterpillars. water is to retard vegetation in"Ihey 199d on mm under-est m5. 111° spring until the danger of‘sues of the leaf. 81°)" Ynllldll‘. frost is past and to delay the ,rnouit several times. and 1n 1-11" occurrence of frosts in autumn. I ""114 °" m1"! ma‘ °1 ‘he!’ '1“ titstence have attained their full n inch or more. No in changing to thol It must be remembered that two more lgenerations of cabbage whites 51111‘ irnust succeed the present one be-

{growth of a itime is lost.

degred, of fertility, either natur- ally or as a result \ef the manage- ment. it has received. The