1

THE LARGEST HORSE FARM EAST OF/MANITOBA

(Experimental —F.nrm Note)

it is not generally known that tlle nlost important ‘horse breeding es- tablishment east of Manitoba is sit- uated at Si. Joachim, County of Montmorcncy, Province of Quebec. This Farm was stapled by the uni- ted efforts oi’ the Dominion Depart- ment ot‘ Agriculture, the Quebec: De- partment ot‘ Agriculture, and the French Canadian tlorae Breeders‘ Association. The work is being car- rit-tl on by the‘ first-named and is under the direct supervision of .\lr. tins Langclier wile is also Superin- tendent oi‘ the l)olllinion Expel-i- nlental Station, ' Cap Rouge, Que. ’i‘llere are at present, on the Horse- Fin-nl, over ninety horses, all iulroibred French Canadians; an idea of ‘tan scale on which breed- illg operations are conducted can be had when it is known that twen- ty-two mares have youngsters this your whilst thirty-tour are due lo

ioal in 1923. it is i‘ully admitted lllat part ot‘ tlh- work is to improve French Can- atlinll horses, »but it is also triear that luost ol‘ the problems of llorsc hrvt-tlltlg, feeding. housing, anti ulautlgenlent can be investil-{lllfitl as well witll tllls breed as with any other. These problems are quite numerous; in breeding. @1056. lll line, nnd olltcljossing; in feedlot; rougllages, concentrates, pastures; in housing, tho big special barn, part of the cattle burn partitioned off cheap single-boarded shelters; in management, work or no work tor breeding animals, prevention of diseases in youngsters, raising au- tllllln colts. These in themselves show the advisability of having started such a Farm. What will he the future of the plat-c‘! From an investlgatlonui [itlllll of view it is assured. 8H 0V9" a titlarter of u century is not near lung enough to solve many of the prtullletnsHAs to the effects oi‘ lllly illlprovenlent ot‘ the French Canad- ian horse accomplished thereby and the scope oi‘ the distribution of‘ im- proved brectilug stock, the futurc of that enterprise is really ill flit’ hands ot‘ the iarnlcrs oi‘ the Prov- ince ot Quebec. lf they show en- ‘ongll interest, no doubt French i Canadian horses will continue to be bred at St. Joan-hull; but it‘ it is fuund out, which’ is improbable, that FTEllCll-Clllllttlllifl stallions and

coal oil will kill mites but as it ev- aporates quickly its effects are not lasting. A good disinfectant mixture nlay be made ‘by adding crude car- bolic to the coal oil, about a quart to a gallon of the latter, or by ad- ding one of the coal tar disinfect- ants such as zenoleum or pneno- line.

The reader will readily see how desirable it is to have all nests, roosts and dropping hoards made movable to facilitate cleaning and disinfecting operations. ll‘ yours are stationary at present, yoll will find it a good day job to change. them and make them movable. it

The innovations o.f the new age of farm machine invention should scrvc as a most effective contra. diction to the idea that in ' any- thing we have reached a per- manent tyne of farm machine.- Twenty years ago a.‘ s time when the binder had really Just reach- ed i-ts stage of perfected alld stan- darized form, and old experience isrlnel- predicted that the extre- mc development oi‘ farm machin- ory had been reached. “No fur- lhcr invention to lighten the work of the fnrluel- could tie ulstle," said ha. "this making of machines llas gone so fay as it can—tllel'o will never be anything more."

iVllat would that old ‘fellow say should he see the farm machinery ' today-a tractor for example lie would probably be cmbittred and bewildered as are all those o‘f his kind who have outlived their day. For understand this- it’ such a thing as a permanent type of ‘farm implement is possi. title, li-ts realization is to say the least, extremly remote.

ln the binder there is a lllachine with a half century oi‘ evolution behind it, yet .i_n the past year or two there have been brought out two tiistinctly new and improved designs that the use of tractor power has occasioned‘. A large lieu-foot cut tractor binder and a- special tractor driven and hauled ticsigli. Besides, this, notice the minor refinements that have linen ulade in this nl st standard of farm machines n the coalition horse-drawn types, the large Silt‘ tell-foot cut machine, the increas- ing use oi‘ higlrgrntle anti-friction bearings "overhead" packersythe quick ttirn tongue trucks. 1b.. de-

E’.

l . breeding stock are not in demand. {kitten it will surely bc in order to anther breed for the expcrlulental work of St. Joachim. in the meantime, old Quebec can‘ . boost of having the most irniwltflllt. ‘horse breeding eslalblishment Vin TEastern Canada. > '

<o>~-—-— GUARD AGAINST LICE AND TES

(Experimental Farms Note) .

No luau keeping poultry, either upon a large or sulttll scale, can ox- pct-l a profit front his operations il‘ ills flock and ills poultry house are infested with lice and mites. Both are easily brought upon perfectly‘ clean premises, possibly by foe in-i trodut-tlon of fowl purchusetl else». where. Sparrows are tiiso rl frc- qucnt silrcutler oi‘ these troubles. anti there are numerous cases where no apparent source can bc thought of, yet lice anti ulites are found to be in possession. 'l‘ilc for- mer may be readily controlled by providing a good dust bath and by the use oi‘ Blue Ointment or tint? of the many lice powders that are

_ , ,__ fling largly on the type of shock been Shaw" “m, a decided prom ilflirtrlhé.ci‘l)lltll‘l‘ris).ltnt mneswhnwpver‘ '5 loader or gatilerer gclcoteil‘. Bu: can be made where ordinary pr,» not so simple. tinlikc the hell (me cannot regard tits 538 El" -_~ cannons Mg when in raga-rd to louse these. arc not, as n rule. ;;'“*'“"":§,‘h°.:§dfodo: effliictilf."cy,‘,'.',', fecdinZ. Clfiflnllllei! “lid 5919mm“ - . ' . .t‘r are “W” l! ‘ ‘ " ‘ ' of hreedin stock. ligbtluhimgxmtllflllvy llll‘ "m" Lmtlmrd” Gwtrlflfionq refit‘; With broiler care most common- louud usually in cracks around the "ill "m" "r 0 ‘l " “use diseases can be prevented and of roosts and nests and will be read» lmillllwlqtsmvigd 'r‘:l‘:):_p"‘g§'recgve,y all the measures directed towards

PS“ _ ._ . . .‘ ..

ily tlctctltetl upon examination ul those localities. at night. whvh 1h" fowls are on the roasts. "l"? "W" may readily be seen lssuinli "ill" cracks and rnnnint-Z lllllllll m" roasts. Ttla only lllelllod 0' “"1 trol is thorough cinnnlnl-f llllll ill?" infncllilg of the premises. Rcnlovt- all drupplngfl, litter and nesting millet-hit, scrape and sweep oll! "- cry particle of dirt. Jilld 81V‘? m" house a thorough aoaktnif Wllll i‘ good strong disinfectant. llrlhllll! l‘ by means of u slimy Dllllll’ mm m“ cracks. Wilt-filer mites are known it) be present or not, the roosiinfl and nesting quarters should ‘he “omen wgnkly during tho summer. since the mites breed very Pllilldll’ during the hot went-her. Ordinary

vclopenlcnt of combination lit-ad-

luck mm mp quwmm m. “Mug m, or ‘binders and pusll-llintiers audiiutu silage and delivers

I

‘Then too we have ltlle worlt ofl the hinder completed by the lllCU-i hanicul grain shocker this is turn- ed by various ‘form of shook loaders, shriek "backers" and sweep rakes, and shock gathcrers and carrying trucks, and finally the chain of mechanical procesctls iu the harvest field is completed

the use of attached binder engin- es. ‘

by -the mechanical grain pitchers

and thresller feeder.

It is doubtful ll‘ any farmer has ever yet assembled and used in conjunction all this group of ms- chlnery to the exclusion of hand labor in his harvest bu-t it would be easily possible.

With a it)lll‘-nlilt'lllllt\ sys-tcnh. a binder. shock shocker loader or gatlu-rcr anti the grain pitcher thc farmer gets his grain tn the thrcsher cylinder with practiuliy no hard manual labor.

The man with the pitchfork becomes almost a thing of the past-but the invcstuleut ill ‘machinery is considerable, ranging .l‘roul a minimum of $1,500‘

to over double this figure, tiepcn- I

secure the sa-fcty of tho crop. "rill-re is the header method either stacking he grain or under favourable trondltions thrashing it directly from the header barge ill either case net slings out! (lorfitfks or lhv grain pitching hill-

i

A ‘AAQAAAAAA xx A vv vvvvvvvvvvv vvvvvvv

an increasing extent

down lto a

improvement will that not only puts the the sack but puts the straw in the bale. or even tied up into afhatch as well.

plough and and seeding machines and inlple. tnenls may yet be ' superseded by combined soil

changes are a-bonit handling of the hay crop. is now a that putts the hay directly the swath

‘honor of‘ solving the

increasing demand for eggs standard quality and the high llllc" esprevtlilillg for this ltave led to an Poultry instructors and Pioneers in poultry raising. to stimulate indutsry by advocating the use of backyards in ground in rural districts for main-

this end. sanitation plays the most

holdmlgs where the runs are limit- ed and must of necessity be used year after year. Where it is not possible to rotate the runs,

grain and puts stacks which are dumped and left standing in the field. This means-

lt up in small

that in place of from twenty to

ithlrty. shocks of bound grain there will be one of these small stacks. These sma-ll stacks are

cal-vied to the thrashing machine l" ‘hale Qlllllfiy lily means of a specially designed lDllSh or sweep rake. ill. would certainly seem "l"! lllc Brain pitching machine could be used to advantage with

this metllod.as the hand pitching of loose grain

feeder is a hard job.

into u thresher

Ailllrouciling very close to the

will ‘be time well silent. linlit of. efficiency in harvesting ““_“'<‘>'_" " methods is ‘th, us of th - . NEW FARM MAcHlNERY billed harvcstgl- tiiresher ‘ziescciilill-

‘ ed in tllese columns a year ago

~—tlle familiarly termed ‘combine’

originally of the plains-mow being

Californian employed. to throughout the Western grain fields. These

machines cut and thresh the grain

in a single operation range in‘ size from. nine-foot very probable ‘that

and they thirty-four cut. it is witllin the

ncxt few _l'sars we will see. devel- QDl-‘d enough to be ltsed anywhere it is feasible to work a binder.

culnbinctl ila rvesters small

Thcrc

are five-loot cut harvester-thresh-

ers oi the “stripper" type in use

in Australia now. A still further he a machine

grsin in

This outline is merely indicat-

ivc of the trend of harvest. tlletll- 0d developement. branches of (arm work mechanic- 111 are transform-lug

in all other

inlprovelnents and inventions farming meth-

possible that the its attention-t tiliing

otis it is

very largely till-

illg, fertilizing. and seeding ma-

chines thalt will reduce the plant- ing of most all crops to a. single

olperatlon. Likewise

due

as great in the There loader-halter from into a curing

combined

of windrow round lbaie of artifically.

or dry-lug the hay crop for behind.

Nor is the corn crop lluskel‘,

,aud a more recent invention. the

ellsilage harvester, a lllaclline that converts the standing corn it to all accompanying waggon at one passage uver the field.

Everything _consldsred it is very plain that we are very far from an are of permanent forms of ‘farm machinery. or even one of quiescence in its developement and it is probable that the inver- ton and the engineer will be tho farm-labor problem rather than to the‘ social

caution often safeguards the flock frotn a serious outbreak of chicken pox. in introducing new breeding stock. even if fronl reputable sources. the practice of quarantine is a safe plan to-follow.

lTlle proper disinfection of fowl houses, etc.. the quarantine of IB- cently imported fowls or those ro- turniug from shows; the elimina- tion of spoiled feeds and impure drinking water, the sacrifice oi‘ ailing birds to determine the na- ture of the disorder. as well as the burning of all dsad fowls, are mea- sures. which if carefully followed will do lnuch to keep the flock in a healthy. vigorous state and make the keeping of poultry a pleasant. profitable enterprise.

__~___<¢

1D—————— . SOFT-lSHELLED ‘EGGS. ______ . ‘Most people are naturally ullder the impression that soft-shelled eggs are due to a lack of a suffi- cient supply of oy-ster shells, but this inlpresslon is wrong. Flockel of hens may have all aibuudunce oh‘ oyster shells and eitill lay soft- shelled eggs. A lack of oyster shells‘ tends. to decrease the nulli- ber of eggs produced. btl-t soft shollg are usually produced by ‘.lcns ‘which. are too fat or through a deficiency of soluble lillle in tile water or regular food supply. Lime is necessary for the forma- tion of the calcium ill the egg-shell. The more eggs a hen lays the lllore “me "he FPqlliree‘. Give the hens plenty of oylster shells or lime in some other form in urdt-r to keep up maximum production. An in- sufficient supply may tempt the hens to become t-gg- eater-at, ipartl- iflllflfly if they are laying heavily. The lfiimflfllh 411love about lack of lime ill some fornl not causing Wi-t-‘Birclled eggs llililly to normal conditions initslmuch as there is usually-enough soinhie lime dam. for normal production. For heavy production, however, hang seem in need more little than is given in tile food. iltf oyster shells and time lfl all other accessory ‘formg nrn "i" Elven and if the grains are d9. ficient in llmle then the nunlber of tan. produced is affected and unti- er extreme conditions: the ghgilg

may bc fragile m- gyen snu___,M_ A’

“__--_<iPOd_———-_ SAVE THE MOISTURE

WM" 51""!!! ODens there are al- ways many acres ot‘ land lying with ll. crust over the surface inn.) which was full plowed ‘and land yyerticil was ln corn the your berm-e witgftllflfi crusted over during the

6r months. ll tilts same innii got into similar condition during lhesummer and willie crops were growing, farmers would be putting forth their most strenuous efforts to mllvcrize the surface and save lmoisture. in too many easel; the "if"! l5 Permitted to remain in this clusted condition ior six weeks or

gitator or the public.

——-——-o-o-a-———--- WITH PROPER CARE MOBT COMMON POULTRY DIBENSES CAN BE PREVENTED _

(Expenimental Farm Note)

few years the of l!

During the past

commodity, effort amongst this cities and waste

alning a small flock of fowls. .lt has

nlportant part. This isgespecially true on small

ihc

g ra i u llilres

chine greatly facilates operations and eliminates hand labor. There is further harvester method. which with the pitcher machine this tilt-rt‘ is little oi‘ no GXDQ-"BB for twine. ‘IP99 “"1519 and the emu lll lwl any such won-titer cane with the binder method.

the stacker-

bet a

With

would system.

o; grain. exposed l0 risk its is the

Tllc stacker harvester cuts the Pa},

HE stsus A lTii rut Eulcurti. ,

“ti Seeds fronrjlselected Stocks

' ifll . For 50 you: satisfied custnmeésrzlsyfi ggflhnilgzyeele,

the benefits of increased crops Briggs’ Seeds.

Sold everywhere in Canada. Ask W"? 55M“ 19"-

em.

Write Ior any Illustrated catalogue

' tention should be lllllll l“ "l" "9"

. pea ding of the drinking fountain! ' an feeding dishes will well reflay

entire surface after being covered with n good coating of air staked lime shollld be ploughed or shaded This precaution serves " to keep parasites such as tapeworms. round. wcrms. gapeworms. etc. in cflctlll by destroying the eggs which are nearly always present in the soil Droppings from fowls should never be spread on land to which chicks have access and during tlls fiv- bleeding 8808170. all manure should be kept in cow-cred boxes or treat- ed with some good disinfectant be- fore being pu-t upon the land. This applies more particularly t0.smali holdings and to plants devoted ex- clusively to raising poultry. All chicks which die should be burned and ii. i; n good plan to lull c-l weaklinizs and dillNIlB of them i" a simlliar manner. (‘loss obllbrVll tlrn is essential ‘to nick cul- Bill!!! chicks or fowls and these should be isolated from the remainder until the‘ exact na‘ture of the disor- def‘ is tietermined. Particular at

anti drinking water and where young chicks nfeconcerncd a daily

m0"! l" llle Boring after it might have been pulverized and during all ‘that time moisture is being lost whim‘ "l6 "OD needs at some time in almost every season. 'i‘he mois- ture which is stored in fne soil at the time a crop is planted in the Spring provides a large percentage of the moishuro rgquly-‘gd by the cfoll‘ llllrltlg its growth. For that‘ reason it is almost, i-f not quite, as’ important to save moisture before the crop is Dianted as i-t is while the cro-p is growing.

By means of’ the disc. and har- row the crust which has formed’ during winter can be rapidly brok- en on both i‘ai‘l plowed and corn- stalk land. Nor is the saving of; moisture the only good that is ac- complished by pulveriziug the sur- face. Weeds are killed before they‘ can ‘make a start and in the CRStl of land which is to be plowed and put into corn the surface is broken up ‘before it is turned to the bo-ttoln of the burrow. It‘ the land is plowed Without discing the surface is turu-, ed underin n lllmpy condition and neither the disc r barrow or cultl-l vntnr can reach afterward. Tue coarse soil and rush at the bottom oi’ the furrow cuts off tile rise of moisture and the crop frequently suffers before i-t gets its roots into tile solid soil below furrow depth.

i¢o>_____

TELLING THE HORSES AGE

To tell the age of any horse, inspect the lower jaw, of course; The six front teeth the tale will tell And every doubt and fear dlspell.

Two middle “nlppers" you behold Before the colt is two weeks old. Before eight weeks two more -will

come; _ Eight months the "corners" cut the gum.

The outside grooves will disappear From middle two in just _one year in two years from the second pair; In three, the corners foo are bare.

At two iihe middle “liippers" drop; At LSIFOP, the second pair can't stop, Wihen four years old the third pair

goes. At five a full new set he shows.

Deep- blacll spots will pass from view

At six years from the middle two; The second pair at seven years

At eight the spot ,each "corner"

clears.

such effort. Tuberculosis is a rlis- ealm of adult fowls and is less‘ frmuentlv observe-rt in pullets than in older birds. Tuberculosis is usually introduced by buylflil lllll lets or stock from outside sources and such ll practice is to be dis- cxuraged except when IHIYPMIFVYI"

. from reputable poultrvmen. Wherr- The oval teeth‘ three-aides RNJW;

Qxhnmlhvv uncll- is kept all show mm ‘should he enumerated for l" u..." m». mantra upon their return

from ‘QXhiiil-HOII, u mo: a Pl’!-

lfrom middle "nlppers" upper jaw. t nine the lblacll spots will with draw. he second pair at ten are white; Eleven finds the corners light." tholsemen

As time 300s on the

vv¢$vvvv#€w‘vi ‘*‘

EGGS A8 FOO D.

Eggs have recently been describ- ed as -the "Universal Breakfast Dish." Tlhe slogan is good, but not suilloientliy wide in its applica- tion. Exist! are one of the most palatable, flourishing and conveni- ent of flood-s. They can be made up -ln inruunlcrahlc ways, and ill chemical (composition closely resem- lble meat. in nutritive value they stand between cheese and milk. while their intrinsic worth is fur above that at whljoh they are or- dinarily rated. investigations con-' ducted according to a new nutri- tion tilctn-y classify foods on the basis of their growth-promoting lanai tiiscase-resistiug power. ‘in 1ihiial only a ‘limited number of nat- ural food-s are found, such as milk and eggs, lthat contain those vita- mincs absolutely essential to the ' roper growth ‘and development of

e human .body, and the repair of tissue essential iu ‘the resistance oi dllseiase.

lEggs contain all the elements for rhi- growth of the young. A ohick hatches from and will live for days upon the content of tho origllfll egg. 0n account of the ellelllru-Ls they contain. eggs and lmilk are tyssellti-ai to tlllaf. high de- gree of health wlhlch is a nation's gferrtt~=lt aisset.

Eggs are laid as a good food, bllt under unfavorable coudiitious they s-re strbject flu a wapi-d detenloratlon in duality. Couaitnlption varies ill direct proportion to the quality of e881»! offered for sale. and the uni- formity of the quality received.

PThe itieal would be to have only 0H6 tirade of eggs-the grade nst- ure gives us, ‘and a weight grada- tion sumetihlug like the Danish try-a- tem. Tile widely varying oandi~ clone loll-lid ill an extensive produc- ltfg tiislrict such as Canada sec-m l4 tn-alte lllliifi impracticable. (lana- lllflll Pass are s-tantlardized, but the grading has not. been generally ‘ad- opted in domestic trading. The re» latlive suitability of ‘the different grades for culinary purposes is de- scribed tin lLive Stock Branch Leaf- let ‘No. 6, entitled “Standardized (‘mags 01' 438ml." and the ‘w-ay ‘to determine the grade oi’ an egg by (rand-ling is described in lPélflllflillfit ‘No. .'l, euliitled ‘iQalltl-ling of’ iEggs." Canxiiing appliances may be had free on application ‘to tlhe Donuinlon lLive lStock tBra-ntth, Ottawa.