' i

Mir ttiuarclian

tm-rs Pubic I-.mIIm lllllfl Lilo in. non Pobtunon Inn u-vadsy uiununs It in Prmco stun Qsvl-unnva. Pl-.1. by us: lhamsnu Column) Liu.. , at lung M W rennin. l II-mites: name 2:: llIlH'i'lILV Inn: nuts. Ian A Buliivlt Publishes uh General Isms” Fran! Wllkfr. Edits! Ieinhrr taiudnn Daily Mwuspcs Publishers Assoanuu Member of I'M ('Ii:IdaIn Prom Ii.-mt-new Audit Bureau of Circulsitons I. ma altlft-h -4I Sunusu-rude. Montague lld Alhertrvl Auvmiir.-rd as second titan Mn! by Ilia Pm: min-n Dcuanmenl mung. Iv illhri Fhaflnllrlown. Slllnllltflldl Illlltl WT '5 Inn: Elsewhere ill Pl-2.l 19.00 (liner Prouncrl Ind U. 5 H200 Der Innum

TUESDAY. MARCH 5. I957 I

'r.u;i-1 4'

A Forthright Statement i The l".i.senlirm er llocirinc is mak- ing slow progress through ill? lvllllwl States Senate. It is now clear that it unlllti not have been approved at i all if the Prcsidcnt had gone ahead l with his plans to support sanctions against Isi'ael. That undoubtedly, was one of the reasons why the Pit-sidcrit's anger against the Jmiisll gt-atp has ht-cit toned don n in recent days. His prestige in the linitcd Na- tions. and especially among the coun- tries of the Afro-Asian bloc whose gootluill he has been at great pains to cultiiatc. would have been dealt a heavy blow by the Senate's Wiltsal to np'1i'In'n his policy. NOW that ttlik of ;;nu-lions is going nut of fasliioll. mp l'mt-n-inn will probably got through the Senate. But the unam- mous vote which the President ex- pectcd is almost certain to be denied him: and that, in itself. is bound to weaken its effectiveness. Of all the Senatorial criticism of the Administration's Middle East policy, a paragraph in ii speech by Senator Olin D. Johnson. lleniocrat of South (Tm-olina. is of special im- portance. for it exposes the famous- nvss or something worse of the r'l1'Qi(IOI1l'S stated view that some nations should be compelled to obey resolutions passed by the UN. while others should be allowed to do pretty much as they please. ”Moral leader- ship is line." said Senator Joiitison. "I am for it. But I detest intellectual dishonesty. No amount of juggling of words. twisted phrases. double talk or radio adaptation of Father knows he-st' from the President or his wandering boy Secretary Dulles, can convince me that it is moral for Russia to crush lliingary but that it is inlprnpcr for Britain and l-”rance to protect their property interests in

the Suez Canal Company." What I I

pity Canadian Government leaders did not take I similarly forthright stand when the crisis was at its height! Certainly it would have been better in every way and more help- ful in finding I solution to Middle East problems than mouthing plati- tudes about the "authority" of the UN. and, what was even worse. ex- pressing themselves as being "scand- alized" by the British-French action.

-, That. was Canada's darkest hour. . .

Since then, it. must be granted, Ex- , ternal Affairs Minister Pearson has Issumed I more realistic role in his speeches at the UN. and one more in keeping with Canada's honor. For that he must be given credit.

The "One Woricill Concept

At the National Convention of five. Assiwiatinn of American School Administrators Mr. Norman Cou- Ilns, the distinguished editor of Saturday Review and a scholar of note. dcplored what he called the "superficial information" which most college students possess of Asia, Tndia and Africa. He urged that students be educated for the "whole world" and not merely for Wcstcrii civilization. lie evidently believes that such comprehensive knowledge would help in the maintenance of international peace and goodwill.

hll'.I(l0ll.1ll1S is well known for his international outlook. Practically everything that comes from his facile pen contains an appeal or an Irgument for the "one world" con- cept. He has done perhaps more than any other American publicist . to create an intellectual climate un- favourable to the old-time isolation- '” of United States' politics. Doubt.- It would be I fine thing. from pltnnholnt of his own breadth

which they are not and never will be. thv vraniniiug of facts. or opin- ions. concerning the world's civili- I:Itioli.- into the head of I student mcr a four. iiyc or six year period would he a pliysical impossibility. Host university professors probably would say that if in that time I taste for exploration into knowledge can be created. it is ctioiigh to justify the time and money and energy spent in the process.

In any event. is a fair knowledge of other ciiltiircs than our own, in fact uliatcicr it may he in theory, an incentive to bettcr international relations? The point has certainly not liPt'll pron-d. The new fashion- able "onc world" concept of political thought began to take hold. rough- ly. a few years after the turn of the present century. Up to that time. and indeed for some time thereafter. alinost cicryborly believed that the l-Iast and West were different worlds. as of course they are in more respects than one. About all that ntozt W.-stern students knew about Asia and Africa was that most of their tcri'itorics---- not counting Russia. China and Japan. of course

wcrc marked in red. the sign of Hiitisli sovereignty. on the map of the world. As for their traditions and customs. only an occasional "radical" bothered his head about them.

Siiiec the cud of World War One the "international" fashion has grown steadily. As Mr. Cousins says, it is still limited in scope. but it is a thousand times stronger than it was no more than twenty-five years ago. New and rapid means of com- munication, thc desire for more lol- erance and understanding. wider edu- cational f'ri('llitii's. disillusionments in nationalistic policies. compassionv arousing rcfugcc problems--all con- tributed to its strengthening. Yet. strangely and in defiance of what would appear to be a social law. it was precisely during this enlighten- ing period that the confusions and the turmoils of international rela- tionships reached their historic peak. And at this moment the United Nations flrganilation. which theo- retically at any rate symbolizes the one-world philosophy,. is frantically engaged in trying to keep Eastern Man and Western Man from blow- lllll one another to bits. It almost seems that the more the various civilizations know about one annth.-p the more hostile they are towards one another.

EDITORIAL NOTES

An l-Igyptian Government spokes- man is quoted as saying "Egypt. could easily drive Israel out but pre- fers to win world opinion to her side." To accomplish that. Egyptian soldiers would have to do a lot better than they did last fall when their only skill seems to be in making hasty retreat and surrendering to Israeli arms.

0 D O A nudist group in Vancouver has volunteered to send speakers to any organization anywhere in Canada which might be interested in learn- lnl about their "way of life". we

cant think of any organization don n this it ay which would be f'.K'lIt'4'l:llil intcrcstccl. Anyiiay. it's

ton mid men to talk about that sort of thing. 0 O O

The Canadian scollop fishery is facing new competition. A report. from Brisbane. Australia,. says that the tasty fish have been found in large numbers along the Queens- land coastline. Moreover. they are much larger than the North Ameri- can spccimcn. Large quantities have already been sent to the United States.

I C 9

Under ii bill now before the New York legislature hunters would be required to have written permission from farmers before going on their land. It may have to come to that on this island if "sportsmen" of I certain type keep up the practice of terrifying cattle ,Ind destroying fences. Every fall these complaints are heard. I

The Soviet Govcmment recently

A GOOD JOB FOR THEM

PUBLIC FORUM ' .

his column is open tn ins discus mm by uurupnndentn of question at lnfcrelt. Tho Guardisn mu-I nut hern- Ianly endorse the opinion of correr pnndenls

CRISIS IN EDUCATION

Sir. - i would like to add my mile to uhal others have said on the educational question.

it would seem that the chief malady of education is overwork and malnutrition. Education faces I job today unparallelled in the history of the human race. Within I single generation the mass of knowledge held by mankind has doubled. Technological and scien- tific ndvanccs have brought sharp- ly increased need for highly skilled workers: hence for higher edu- cation of much lsrger numbers of people. The farmer must learn science and economics. and the plumber physics and chemistry. if they are going to compete in this atomic age.

"Ex nihil. nihil fit" --from noth- in. nothing comes-and education is no exception. I would like to present the following simple table compiled from the Public Accounts of this Province:

Percentage of Budget Spent EducI- Hlgh- Agri- tion wI,vI culture 1900 49'? 20'? 0.6 .3 l925 an 10"; 5 -. 1934 25'; 24'? !.1!'.- lll-i.'1 I6". i Il0"a'- 2.4' 1955 l7.8'l6- 3937- 3.tl'.'-

One can make sums very sig- nificant perhaps alarming deduc- tions from the above. The share for education shows uncessing almost relentless decline. The ex- penditure nn highways moves up equally inexorably. Agriculture. our basic industry. draws almost I static amount. Paved roads are undoubterlly important, but who would give them precedence over the advances of the mind?

Last March our teachers receiv- ed I rsise tn pIy of 3100 per year. On the 11th of May. 1956. the Do. psrtment of Educstlnn rcpnrted that the grants for classroom con- struction were tn be mind in 82.500. in I recent address l)r. Nathan M. Pusey. Pruidem of Harvard Univcrsun. gavp ii ,5 his opinion that. re it a rd le 3 I at methods. facilities. or any other mechanical sids in learning. the tescher is still no centre of any school system. lllnrk Twain once Illd that it school i-onsistml (at 3 lucher at one end nf a log and I pupil It. the other. It would gpgfn we concern ourselves overly much with material aids. and neglect the biological ones.

in 1955 the aicrage salary of teachers in Prinrc l-ldwnrd island was Si.-M5 fi.'l Out of around all teachers almiit 400 Warp ggcnnd class I00 were permit. and only I27 were male teachers. A recent Idvertiscmcnt in our dnilv news- Pllier by a school boardifrom I llellhborini Drovince qunles the tollowml salaries for elementary arsde teachers-

Lldy Teacher Inn college de- nse!

-"ll? Ic Teacher inn colle tlrlfeei 82.5tlt)4,5tIti n

Married Mlle Ten-her the ML-

l-sv dome) s2.soos.oon

Msrrled Msle Teacher twltl Inllese deem sa.ioM.un so many of r 10""! people are heading the d Idsle-In West y

Ghana's Prime Minister

fly Sesghsn Mayne- Reuters service. London

Dr. lwsnis Nkhrumsh, prime minister of the new West Africa nation of Ghsns. sees the emer- gence of this former British Gold Coast colony into self-government as another step towlrds his vision of I socialist Africa of independent i states.

With his dream of independent: in his own country now I reality. this prime minister who left s prison cell in form I government outlined his political philosophy in his autobiography entitled Ghana.

The publication of the book coin- cides with the inauguration of In- dependence on March 6. making Ghana the first British colony in west Africs in sttIin Ielf-govern- ment within the Commonwesltli.

This Iutoblogrsphy is the story of the rise to power of ii village goldsmith's son. of his introduction in "underground" politics! work in Britain Ind America. where he knew poverty Ind hunger. and hi the bitter Inter-psrty struggles in the Gold.CoIst from which he. emerged as I nstionsl lesder who negotiated with Britain for the in- dependence of the colony”: 4.125.- 000 people.

IIATES COLONIALISM

Much of Dr. NkrumIh's political thought Ind Iction is dominred by hatred for the coloniIl system. He says "it is far better to be free to govern. or rnisgovorn. yourself than to be governed by Inybody else."

He regards the Iclilevsment of independence in GhInI. not Is an isolated objective confined to the Gold Cont. but Is part of I gen- eral movement toward the Iboli- lion of colonisl rule throughout Afrlcs.

"From now. it must. be pun- Amcrlcan nationalism. Ind the ideoln , of African political com I

sciousiicss and African l1tIilIl- cal emancipalmn must LDFEEII throughout the whole continent." he declares.

"The African . has awakened and the struggle frcetinm will no nn . . .

"Our task is not done and mir own safety is not assured until the last vestiges of colonialism have been swept from Africa."

Dr. Nkrumah rejects the capital- ist system as "too complicated" for I newly-independent nation and advocates I socialistic society. in which democracy may need the support. in e early days. of "emergency measures of I totalit- Irliin kind."

GANDHI FOLLOWER

He confesses that he once thought armed rcbcllion vuis the only way to achieve his objectivs of self-government. But he wn turned from this course by I study of Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence, which he sought to apply in practical terms in the Gold Coast.

Like Gandhi and many other ro- volutlonary lenders who 'hInged their country's systems of govern- ment. Dr. Nkrumah knew the hu- mlliation of imprisonment. In 1946. when he was general Iecretsry of the United Gold Coast Convention he was arrested and detained fol- lowing riots in Accra. the cIpitIl.

Shortly sfterwsrds. he broke Iwsy from the convention group to form his nwn Convention People's Party and again suffered imprisonment as I political agita- for.

He was still in prison when his new party swept into power in tho 1951 general election. He was re- leased and invited by the gover- nnr. Sir Charles Arden-Clsrke. to form I government.

been for

World's Lonely Spots

National Gcogrlphlc Society . 4

in I world of overcrowded cit. z in and streets. there are still many lonely spots. some t'l(Nllr't'- alely need more people for the sur- vivIl nf dwindling communities

An outstanding example is Smi- lInd's Fair isle. in the North M- Isntic Shctlands. on this rnckv In tie island. long noted for fine sper- Ialty knitwear. population has dropped to less than no.

The National Trust for Scotland. holder of the six-square-mile area, recently lIunc” ” I Impsign to attract new settlers Ind halt the flight of brideless young men who hopelessly mu umber single wo- men. Ihducemcnts illclude better for weaving Ind fishing industries. Ind modern liouslns Ind medics! facilities.

DOCATION WORTH STRUGGLE

Fair lslc's locltlori makes it worth fighting to nvo. slys ths National Geographic Society. Haif- wty between the Orlmeys Ind the math Shetlsnd Iroup. it guard; strategic Rel Ind Ilr routes bo- twoon northern Europe Ind Nomi Allscriu. it is I noted bird sanc- tuary. its lighthouses protect shitt-

iI dangerous waters.

that islands semen-ed over

quo? Their cimcern is indeed lusti- flcd. and their demand for action should continue until it reverber- from the shores of this fair

I Im. sir. etc. . L. GEORGE DEWAR P.E.l.

the Pacific. the ('ai'ibeean. and Indian Ocean. remoteness from travel lsnu is itself the charm somr fIrIwIy isles are famous for selflrf adventures. like Pit. cairn of the ounty mutincers. Oth. ers. such as Euler lslsnd. with it- giant stone heads. are haunts nf ancient cultural mysteries. some hint nf buried t.reIIure. like Crock- cd island in the Bnhamss. Gcugli in the South Atlantic. and the Muses off the Chins Colst.

But for every well-known dol- niid-dasli of lInd Ind coral on the Seven Sen. there 'are countless "outer islands" whose names 117- pcIr mnly on the most detailed nautical churn. Most of these Ire. either uninhabited air support on- ly I handful of people in nsture's II style

in. fact. is up lust

Medically Speaking

Q In-IIII N. Caucus. M 0. TI IS STILL A THREAT

cusion with Inyone about the dis- IIII Ind they're likely to respond:

"TB? Why thIt's Ill licked. Look how the dentin rate has dropped. ' in no problem my more. -

' Vlcll. let's look It the record-

It'I tme. fortunately. that we hlvc cut the TB destb rate by 90 Per cent in the int half century. STILL A THREAT

But it's Ilso true that tubercu- losis Illll strikes one American every five minutes; that nearly oo.ooo.ooo Americans Ire infected with TB germs right now. Ind that Ibout 400.000 of them have active cIseI.

At least 1.200.000 of these TB vistims need medical care or medical supervision for either active or inactive cases. And 400,000 of them probably don't even know they have the disease.

With so many persons , f' nf apIe8dIIIK the infection. I think you'll agree that tuberculosis still presents quite a sizable problem. LIKELY VICTIMS V

Who is likely to become I victim of TB?

TuiIvl'Cl.lIOSl.I can strike anyone. any time. anywhere. It can kill It all ages.

Recently. however. we have ob- served that TB is becoming more I disease of older persons. More new cases and more deaths occur in middle life and old age than in the younger years.

Men appear to be more vulner- sble since TB Ittacks twice as many man Is women. Especiall- ly hard hit by the disease Ire Negroes. Americans of Spanish descent Ind -American Indians.

You give the germ I better chance to gain I foothold if you Ire in poor general health. An inadequate diet. frequent expo- sure to infections. poor L ' -

You don't hear much Ibout iub- : my more. Get into I dis-

-NOTES BY THE WAY

Tint money is fsvorod by that who lend: opposed by those who borrow. And who wins? Them what liu.-Windsor sisr

We're told that Amerlcnu II the Iversge eat it pounds 'of hIm- burger per units each year. But how much of it is mef?4hIthIm News

If there Is uiy plsnnlng It all in 0t.tIws's budgeting method. it would see: to be planned confu- sion. With I current surplus sub- stantially Ibove hIlf I button dol- lars. and I aim” surplus in pros- pect of around one-third of I bit- lion. Dominion budgeting can only be described Is reckless Im' inef- ficient. with rer its that Ire dan- gerous Ind grotesquely ' it. when compared with the princi- ples of "sound and responsible fi- iisncc" of which the Minister bou- ted I nsr Igo.-Globe Ind Mall

As I rue. wives know III III-

ropes. except than favored -all whose husbands have bought um: I clotlics-di'yer-T.l).F Ill (ma wI Clttun

A United sum subuiu-inc Inn travelled 60.000 miles on a pier: of uranium smaller than a il;'.'lli bulb. On that basis I bit about the size of a peanut would drive as Iutomobile for its lifetime.-Otis wa Journal

one of the biggest fish em caught in South Africa has been taken It Muizenberg. a populai holiday resort of Cape Town William Norris caught a 60.3 pound blue-fin tuna barehnded ll the surf of the Union's mast. popu lIr bathing beach. The fish was more than eight feet long and six feet in circumference. Ind had fouled its gills with sand by com ing Into the surf.-south Africa! News

opportunity to serve you.

YOUR POSSESSIONS

The things you live with-your home, your business. your "stock in trade”-are all subject to loss through accident or circumstances beyond your control. For your own sense of security, you should learn how easily you can be protected. We will be glad of an

HYNDMAN 8. CO. LTD.

lnsurlnee Since 187! Offices: Chsrlottelown. Summersidc. Montague. Alberinn Agents throughout the Province

these Ire Imong the numerous health and social problems which help lower the body's resistance.

Yet. even if you're in good health. you've got to protect your- self from the ever present dniur of I.ubtI'CUI0lII.

To be sure. see your doctor. QUESTION AND ANSWER 0G.: I have noticed a marked difficulty in swallowing. Liquid foods are eIsily taken. but i hsve

difficulty swallowing solid Ind Ioft foods. What could cause this?

Answer: 1 may be due to some form of constriction of the tube leading from the mouth to the stomach.

THE RAM The pasture holds the flock. The fence Stretcli ii lsut. barbed confidence Around the Icres where the sheep Stand still. or graze. or fall Islecp.

From oldest on to youngest lImb

The sheep Ire tranquil. But the ram

Raises his black. inquiring face

Above the heads of Queen Anne's lace

To chsllen,,e. with impatient born

A rustling in the neighboring corn.

The shadows of the linden wood

lie deems intcntioned of no good;

The nodding flames of paintbrush fire

Become Latentill case for ire;

The droning. clover-nied. bees

Arc momenily his enemies.

And so he stamps the peaceful

ground -

At no st in sight. flu Ilien sound- i Because. although obscured Ind

dim. some t memory stirs in him

That once. Imong forgotten rocks. ile gusrded other. wilder flocks. And fendd off I thnussnd ills Upon I lbouund ancient hills.

-Silence Buck Bellows. in the Christian Science Monitor.

The Age Old Story.

This II I fnlthful Inylng. and worthy of III Icceptstlnn. Mist Christ Jesus came into the world

OUR YESTERDAYS rt-om um Guardian Filo- TWENTY-FIVI Ynns AGO

(Much I .1088) After I hsrd day of wow HIM-

dsy night It Borden. Ind which curried 60 passengers. proceeded in Charlottetown Irrlving here I-

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