Eh: fittardiun

Covers Prince Edward Island Like The new Publishe-

Frank Walker

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W. J. Hancox, Iurton Lewis Executive Editor

l

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i’AGE“47hrvannvr'iixuanr 5, 1963.

The Sea's Bounty

The p r a c t i c al importance of fisheries research was underlined by Hon. J. Angus MacLean in his address at the annual meeting of the Fisheries Research Board at: Ottawa this week. The minister noted that European and Asian fishing fleets have steadily increas- ed their operations in international waters off Canada’s Atlantic and Pacific Coasts, and there is nothing his department can do about that. The fact to be faced is that com- petition with fishermen from many countries must he met by improved techniques on the part of our own fishermen, and he was pleased at the progress which the Research Board has been making in expedit- ing this movement.

Among the new developments noted at the Ottawa meeting was an oceanographic information ser- vice. which has completed its first year of operation on the Pacific coast and is steadily extending its some. The service provides infor- mation on water temperatures, tides and currents that are closely re- lated to fish movements. New radiation thermometers are also being built for use on both the At- lantic. and Pacific coasts, which are expected to aid in increased fish catches.

As Mr. llaclrean recalled. Fana- dian fishermen have operated on certain international fishing grounds for so long that they have begun to think of them as their own. This kind of thinking was not conducive to scientific progress. The need for "more knowledge about fish and the sea” has become an urgent necessity; and this means not only an intensified research program, but whole-hearted cooperation on the part of our fishermen’s organi- zations and all Concerned in de- veloping the potentialities of the new techniques.

Needed most of all as a spur to greater activity. however. is the co-opcraiion of the Canadian pub. lic in putting our food resources from the sea to greater advantage. The nations competing for our fish- Ing grounds are, for the most part, great consumers of fish. Canada is away behind in this respect. The Fisheries Department is seeking to improve this situation, by educa- tional bulletins and other means, but per capita consumption of fish in this country is still disappoint- ingly low.

Gen. Norstad's Complaint

General Norstad, retired mili- tary Commander of NATO forces In Europe, has conducted a. long and unsuccessful compaign for a multi-

national NATO nuclear striking.

force. He is still waging it, as evid- enced by his statement at Ottawa that Canada agreed in 1959 to pro- vide nuclear arms for its air divis- ion in Europe, and that it Won't be fulfilling its commitments to NATO unless it accepts th es e weapons from the United States.

This is an involved controversy. about which even the experts are in disagreement. The 1959 arrange- ment to which General Norstad re- ferred was never fully subscribed to. It was launched with the strong aupport of Chancellor Adenaucr and the approval of President Eisen- hower. But the change of adminis- tration, which occurred in the Unit- ed States just when the Norsted Plan wee taking shape, threw the . whole matter into confusion.

i I. Tale Kennedy administration r "Ilpuahowenyinteutionefgivinx

kyl-

.J‘

disposal of any part of its nuclear deterrent to NATO, and this was implied as late as last November by Under Secretary of State George Ball when he said: “We do not feel that the Alliance 'has an urgent need for a European nuclear con- tribution." This policy has not been invalidated the recent US.- British Polaris submarine deal. Though it is proposed to assign a. proportion of strategic bomber forces to NATO control, this can- not be said to constitute a NATO nuclear force in the sense that General Norstad envisaged it.

Washington has. however, been urging the European NA'I‘O mem- bers to build up numerically strong. well armed conventional forces. These are still to have tactical nuc- lear arms, but only as a last resort. Canada's External Affairs Minis- ter Howard (freon. on his return from the NATO Council meeting in Paris last month. noted that Canada. had been commendcd at the meet- ing for living up to its ments in this connection. And De- fense Minister Harkness told re- porters in Paris that delegates to the NATO (‘ouncil were not urging (‘anada to accept nuclear weapons.

It will be recalled, too. that. just before Parliament adjourned for the (“hrist mas recess Prime Minis- tcr lliefenbakcr denied categorical- ly that any pressure was being ap- plied on (‘anada to accept nuclear warheads. He added. quite properly, that before commitment was made the matter would be referred either to the public or to Parlia- ment for a decision.

There the matter rests. General Norstad's statements have caused a furore. but there seems to be little substance in them. His plan has no likelihood of being adopted, regardless of whether Canada fell in line with it in 1939 or not.

Those Family Tiits

According to Premier Khrush- chev, Russia’s ideological dispute with Communist. China is nothing for the \‘l'estcrn powers to get ex- cited about. 'l‘bcse differences in the socialist camp. he says. are “just family diffcrcnccs . . . You get married and you have a family and you will find out just what dif- ferences thcre are . . . but as soon as a capitalist sticks his nose into our differences we fight against him together."

That may well be. But these Communist, family tiffs have taken on a pretty sharp edge of late. A recent editorial in the Peking People’s Daily accused Mr. Khrush- chev and oi b er Soviet critics of (‘hina of being “lim id as mice" when the, American “paper tiger" bares its “nuclear teeth." It (le- fendcd the theory that war is "nec- described Khrushchev’s peaceful coexistence as “absurd” and said the Soviet backdown in Cuba “can be regarded as 100 per cent appeasement, a ‘Munich’ pure and simple."

Coming from the o rga n of the Chinese Communist party’s central committee. of which Mao Tse-tung is chairman, this is pretty strong language. And Mr. Khrushchev himself wasn't tossing any bouquet: when, in a recent speech, he, oom- pared the Chinese Communists to “Trotskyite opportunists.” Trotsky is regarded as the renegade par ex- cellence in Moscow, and to call a. man by that name is equivalent to impeaching him for high treason.

Family tiffs of this kind have been known to end in fisticuffs. In this case, of course, the quarrel may peter out: but it’s been going on for some time now, and every exchange of amenities shows a. little more impatience with the other party’s attitude, and a little less inclination to kiss and make up.

EDITORIAL NOTE

A sixteen-Volume series, cover- ing close to 1,000 years of history, will be compiled with the assistance of the Canada Council. To be en- titled The Canadian University Ser- ies on the History of Canada, the series will begin with a study of “The Early Voyages and Northern Approaches, 1000-1632” and will carry through to the “Epilogue. 1940-67.” The Council has voted equal sums of $2,000 to be given each year until 1967 to both the Humanities Research Council of Camda and the Social Science Re- search Council of Canada. who 'm sponsoring the project.

by

any

essary.”

Commlt- ~

—_——-——

39>) y .

é _ 9’ ’POLARIS CAUGHT OFF NA5’*" ' DECEMBeI. I962

DEEP SEA FISH ERMAN

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

' aflcr 1965.

Out Of Line With The Metric System

National Geographic News Bulletin

Ninety per cent of the world's I population ’uses the metric sys- ‘ t m of measures and weights. The United States ls out of step with its more than 85 different weights and measures.

Only the United States. Cana- da. Australia and New Zealand still use the fahrenheit instead of the centigrade system of measuring temperature. Brit- ain was in our little band but switched over last year.

As the world becomes mo re complex and science progress- es, uniform and precise mea- sures become more important. OLDER OPINION

George Washington and Tho- mas Jefferson wanted the Unit- ed States to adopt the metric system in 1790. Alexander Gra- ham Bell couldn't see muc h sense in going on with a meas- uring system that In part grew out of gauges of the hand a n d foot. The yard, for instance, was thc distance between King Ilen- ry l's fingertip and the tip of his nose. Our research scien- tists, the pharmaceutical indus- try and film makers use the metric system now. The army will use it for weapon systems

Korea, India and Japan have seen the light and abandoned complex systems aof measure- ments in favor of the metric systcm. The Indians had some fantastic means of measuring. Hindu tribesmen. for example, had a measurement called a kos. It was dcfermined by plac- lng a wet jamun tree leaf In a headclolh and walking until it dried.

IN THAILAND .

The Thais, who now use the metric system. formeriy' based measurements on hairs, lice and grains of rice. An atom, for instance. used to be a 64th of a hairbreadth. Eight atoms made

molecule and eight molecules a hairbreadth. Eight hairbrcadths made a louse egg. eight louse eggs is louse. eight lice a grain of rice. Two grains of rice equaled a krabaid and four krabiads a fingerbreadth. A hundred grains of rice was 3 considered a handful, four handfuls a dipperful. two dip- pcrfuls a liter. 20 liters a has- ket. 20 baskets a beep and five

heaps an oxcartful.

Our system of ounces. pounds, three types of tons. pints, quarts acres and all the rest is m o r precise than the Thai system. But It is not as easy to work with

e l

‘ as the metric system. and one of these days we‘ll have to get 'in step with the rest of the i “'Orld.

U.N. Congo Gamble

By Doug Marshall Canadian Press Staff Writer

The United Nations is gam- bling its reputation on the success of the military venture In The Congo's Katanga prov-

nce.

If UN Secretary-General U Than! achieves reunification of the secessionist province with the central government the operation will go as precedent that can be usefully followed in future crises.

If he fails the UN likely will be raked over indulging in a costly blundcr, its effectiveness tional mediator. TIME SHORT

Unfortunately for Thant. time Is running out and Katanga President Moise stombe Is proving just as recalcitrant as ever. Latest reports suggest Tshombc fully intcnds to carry out his threat of “total destruc-

thus reducing as an interna-

tion” in the face of the UN advance. Diplomatic obscrvcrs sav

Thant is "disinclined" to deal with Tshombe and thinks he can reunify The ongo without bothering to bring the provin- cial president to heel. ‘ Tshombe‘s main hope Is that the war can be protracted long enough to force Thant's hand. The Congo operation is costing an estimated $10,000, month and there is a strong possibility that the UN Indian troops involved will be with- drawn at short notice. Thant's determination

to go

the coals for? dangerous and ‘

for broke in the third round of The Congo fiasco illustrates how frustrated UN officials have become with the various pres- sures at work in the copper- rich province.

The UN first move Into The Congo to prevent it becoming a cold-war jousting ground and to restore order during a period of administrative anarchy. ‘

The further aim, to help the Congolese put the country on a permanent economic and politi- cal footing. was blocked by Katanga's secession.

FORCED 'I‘O ACT

- Faced with a tottering cen- tral government and mounting irritation in some contributing nations. the UN had to do some- thing fast. The alternative to the military gamble would have been total failure In The Congo and a permanent blot on the UN escutcheon.

Now that the UN forces seem to have won military control. UN civil authorities must en- sure the support of the Belgian- owncd copper mining company and move ahead with Thant's reunification plans.

There will be tough bargain- ing over some subjects and much will depend on how soon the UN can start channelling its military expenditure into tech- nical a With a chance the muddy Congo situation will be cleared and settled once and for all.

The Problem Of People

Globe And Mail. Toronto

World population figures over the centuries make startling and rather frightening reading. This year's United Nations Statisti- cal yearboook reveals that It took

- .manklnd between 50.000 and

OldfimeSleigh Ride

Ottawa Journal

There is wrong with these so-called mo- dern sleigh rides in which snorting tractor pulls a rattling arm wagon along a pod road. The countryman wish- es however, that today's boys and girls could experience the

fun of an old-fashioned sleigh.

ride on a snow-rolled road. The farm work horses were not dashing steeds but they

PUBLIC FORUM

his column Ia open to the lilo-eaten by eerreapealeeta of «eulo- of to- tereat. The Guardian leee pet eeaee-

enter late any con la! mun sea-mas. * no ELI

str,— The home of the light- housekeeper at Cape is not equipped with electricity. This Is not fair; the keeper at East Point seems to have everything. With the electricity only about a mile away it would be nicer to have It extended to their residence. M

a Guardian Ia aeable to meld-

hard-top- ‘

nothing morally piodded steadily ahead with a

farm sled filled with laughing.

a I singing young folks. Before the

era of modern sophistication, e sleigh ride to a neighboring town for a be an supper was a highlight of the Winter social season.

The sled had high board aid- es: the floor was covered with sweet-smelling clover and firm- thy hay: horse blankets and buffalo robes were spread over the hay. The bells on the horses' collars made music In the brit- tle — cold air on a afar-lit night. Steel runners squeaked an crundted on the hard packed now of the two-track road.

On the upgrades, boys tumb-

eniug. way home. Old Jerry

l00.000 years to reach, the 250 million mark.

By the Seventeenth Century. the number of people on earth had doubled, and within years the global population had doubled again to one billion. In the next span of 40 years, the present world population will have doubled from Its present three billion to more than s I x billion. Some time In the next century the total could reach 20 billion.

Even today, between two- thirds and three-quarters of mankind goes either hungry from malnutrition or exists In miserable proverty. Are civilised communities justified in allow- ing the global population explo~ slon to race ahead unhindered?

Most governments, but par- ticularly those in the underde- veloped countries. are groping In the dark when trying to m a k e long-range guesses on how to ’deal with the lrowtb in popula- tion. The Chinese. like the In- dians. found that by Initiating birth control programs before tackling

the basic problem of educatlol ' they were throwing Money away. While the Iadivldual‘a opinion must be respected. It Is becom- Inl obvious to the leaders of lo-

Id. 8 little luck there now is '

lotion is poor.

Viral Hepotitis More Prevalent In Winter Months

By Dr. Theodore R. Van Dellen

VIRAL hepatitis la more pre- valent in the winter months and usually reaches its peak in e- bruary and March. In this re- spect It differs from polio. which Is a summer disorder. This Is somewhat of a puzzle because both maladies are caused by a virus that lives Initially In th e throat. and later in the intestin- al tract.

What can be done about this Infectious liver disease? Learn to recognize the symptoms. It begins usually as an acute In- fection with fever, loss of appe~ tite. nausea, tiredness. and va- gue abdominal discomfort.

At this stage of the game, It resembles an ordinary viral in- fection but the cause Ia suspect- ed when the skln and whites of the eyes turn yellow. But the disease may not progress to the extent that the skin becomes discolored. .

This poses a problem and many cases are undetected for this reason. The condition Is suspected as mild hepatitis in the absence of jaundice w hen weakness, nausea, or abdomin- al discomfort persist longer than does an ordinary cold. Blood tests will be needed to make the diagnosis.

' What should be done for hepa- titis? Rest is the best cure. San- Itary precautions should be in- stituted to prevent the infection from spreading to others. Use separate utensils. linen, and towels. as well as disposable paper cups and dishes that can be. h u r n e The attendants should be careful to wash the hands thoroughly after attend- ing to the needs of the sick In~ dividual. Meanwhile, the physi- cian may suggest weekly blood tests to follow the course of the disease. The results tell when the individual can be up and about and resume work.

In some instances. g a mma globulin is given to other mem- bers of the family as a protec- tive measure. This is suggest- ed for these in close contact with the victim. more so for pregnant women and persons In a poor nutritional state. They need this protection, even’ though it is only temporary.

(Dr. Van Dellen will answer questions on medical topics if stamped, self-addressed enve- lope accompanies request.)

A FORM OF BROTHERHOOD E.M. writes: I have b three blood transfusions be- cause of ulcer. Do I now have three more (unknown) blood re-

latives? REPLY The blood cclls will live out their normal span of life and then will disappear from your circulation. The liquid part of the blood mixes with the other tissue fluids. Beyond this. there Is no mixing of blood fies, which exist in the chromosomes of the cells that you manufac- ture and can't get from some- one else. PROGRESSIVE LUNG DISORDER E.S. writes: As emphysema progresses. does it cause incap- acin and inability to work? REPLY

Yes, because of shortness of breath and cough following the slightest exertion. Send a stamped. self-addressed enve- lope for leaflet on emphysema, which describes exercises and other methods of obtaining re- I

e .

VACCINE AND ALLERGY A.S. writes: Is it true that

a person who is slightly aller-

gic to chicken should not be va-

ccinated against flu? RE

1 Reactions have occurred In those who are sensitive to e g g protein but not In persons who are allergic to chicken. Consult your physician because the vac- cine can be used In allergic in- dividuals provided ‘c e r t a I n precautions are taken. WET HA

M.F. writes: I wash my hair twice a week and go to bed with it wet. Will this practice cause rheumatism when I get 0 der?

N REPLY ropiw's new": unwr— Pamper the feet when circu-

Our Yesterday": -e)

(From the Guardian TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO Jenna l l

I Carried by the tide in loosely packed drift tea the 09-foot schooner rigged motor veasei.. "Mahone" was reported about a miles south west of St. Peter's

O I

two sons. Clarence and Allison, of Victoria. P.E.I. Attempts are being made to reach the mar- ooned vessel.

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