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PAGILQIGHT

THE OTTER

There ls little mention of the Ot- tcr in the literature relating to this Province, the short account. given by Francis Bain being all that the present writer has come across. However the animals have suca I very extensive geographical range and the species so much resemble each other in outward appearance anc, coloring, that a description of the British otter will easily enable the reader to picture our particular animal.

The Otter belongs to the Order of the Carnivora, and the Family of the Mustclidae. (That Family in- cludei also the Badgers, Skunss. Martens, Wcusels, Ferrets, and Minkst An adult otter may mea- sure from 40 to 50 lilchcs in total length and may weigh 20 to 25 ills. although a 40 lb specimen is on record. The skull is flat and broad, with the iaciz-l portion very short, and the brain case large. The ours are short and rounded. The body is very long, and the limbs short. The feet are completely webbed out have well developed claws on all the loes, The tail is long. thick at the base, tapering but rather ce- prcssc-d. The fllr is short and close The, British species (Lutrp, lutra) has its upper pllris uniformly brown- colored, and probably our Island species Ls colored similarly, though the writcr would be glad of any in- formation ill this respect.

All the’ Otters lire more or less aquatic. living on the margins oi rivers 1111C lakes, and sometimes fre- quenting the sea-shore. The animal swims and divcs with facility, pro- pelling itself with all four legs and Using its tail as u rudder. .

Otters feed chiefly on fish. which they arc \.‘Cl‘_\' extort in catching: but (as Bain iclls us» they will attack poultry or even lambs for n change. They appeared to be fairly abundant in the south-western counties of England during the last century. and were hunted with a breed of dogs called Otlcr hounds. Pictilres of the sport show the hunismen on foot, splashing about in the shallow streams!

THE BDLLQ AGAIN ARE RINGING

The church bells in Britain are now permitted to resume their nor- mal function, that of calling the worshippers together. There were, before the war, over 4.000 peals of bells in England, but it is rumored that at least one thousand of them have been destroyed by enemy act- ion, Again, the bell-ringers them- sclvcs are fewer by the passing of time, so that from these causes, the bell-ringing is likely to be a "maim'd rite" for a. while.

The church of my boyhood days had but a single bell in a kind of turrct. and it. demanded no more from the sexton than o. certain a- mount of strength to “toll" it. But the parent. church, four or five miles away, was oi some antiquity and in the coilrse of time had got together a peal of bells. (six, if I remember cc-rrcctlvi provided one by one, through thc generosity of the wor- shippcrs At. sundown the vicar (or rcciorl used to “play a tune“ on the bolls, presumably by means of i1 nznllci: hilt on the Wednesday night tho boll-ringers team took over. And bcliovn me theirs was no easy 10b.

Tllc bell-ringers in olden days, stood ill n chamber under the hells. Each hzld his foot. in a stirrup at-| inched to a rope which ran rill‘ through s hole in the ceiling to a particular" bell. When his turn came to sound his bell, the bell-ringer very literally "stepped on it" as lhe slang phrase goes. pulling on the rope wllli his hands while he threw his weight on the stirrup. An even- ing's entertainment of this sort 1'8- quires stamina!

That, however, is only one of the requirements: the next. is mental. and it may be called precision. Each

his rope at the right “5D11t*5‘5¢°1'_l11~" This would not be such an exacting task if the performance consisted merely of ringing the bells in a cer- tain order (say My“ the octave) ad libitum But then the expert vell- ringer is not satisfied unless he “rings the changes " Suppose there are three bells in the loft: B11659 0T6 capable of producing fl x 2 x 3 six complete changes, thus: 123. 132; 213, 231: 312. 321; than to the first again. The bell ringer who pulls bell rope No, 1, must remember just where he comes in, or he throws his corn- pzinions out anti so with Nos 2 and 3. Here we have another require- ment- the team-spirit.

‘mat is an easy illustration. but there were hundreds 0f Chtllfhfii

with six bells, nlld if you will multiu On the night preceding the lord's

ply the first six numerals together in‘ what is called a permutation, you will find that. six lx-lls can be rung in 720 different. combination! That. number of changes is called a Min- or, and takes about. half an how‘ in complete, says an old writer.

In Newcastle on Tyne. the bell- ringars of St John's Church used to hold a wecklv practice. and my way from nlghiclasu led me C1056 l0 lilo ancient edifice, Just under i116 ball-tower the din was terrific? harsh and brazen. The effect W88 due i0 some extent. i0 i116 "WW strcct concentrating the 80111411. When two or more City 0111mm

§§§§F§¥O§-§§

NoticemFarmersf

We sell- RENFREW SEPARATORS STOVES WASH-RITE WASHERS

also repair Separators of any make.

Livestock taken in frade 0" new machines. Cordon Roberts, Winsloe

' and Herbert Buchanan,

- NEWSY NOTES -

NAGIJOOLA

went ‘on the air" together the ef- fect was not as bad as one would

the piano by playing down the octaves, simultaneously, o! “C” for the right hand, and of “P” (just Relow the 0) for the left hand. Try

The most, satisfactory way to en- joy the chimes in the old days, was while walking to church on a fine summer morning, undisturbed as yet by the noise and dust of automobiles arriving just as the bells stopped and the organ commenced.

WHAT'S IN A NAME.

A rose by any other name would smell as sweet, says ill; bard. Doubtless; but the new aplfillflflml would put unnecessary work on the memory. and might be very confus- ing to those who had not heard it before.

The name Calla was applied by Linnaeus to a group of Aroids whose chief ornament was the Calla aetliioplca or “Lily of the Nile." By the end of the nineteenth century- 1895, to be exact _ this study orna- mental with the white spafihe and yellow spadix, was called Ridhardla nethioplcl, and “Calla" was recuced to the rank of a popular or flor- ist's name Now our cousins below the border have decreed that the plant ls Zantedeschla aethiopica, and if I still consider it. a Calla or a Richnrdia, whv then I'm be- hind the times —a back number, in fact

That yellow water-lily, which is founc"; in the lake at Mermaid, and in other similar sheets of water, W85 called Nuphar advena, then it. be- came Nymphaea. ulvenn, and lately Nymphozanthus advena. The person who concocted this clumsy name was doing no service to the science of Botany. but the encyclopaedlas, fearful of being old-fashioned. hIWG hastened to adopt it.

AS OUR. ‘FOREFATBERS SAW IT

Some very queer things happen- ed in izmgland in olden times: the historian says of A. D. 1098. "In the summer of this year also, at Finchmastead in Berkshire. l D001 welled with blood. as many ‘m1! men saic‘. that should see it. An Earl Hugh was slain in Anslesey by foreign pirates" — the latter being Norwegians Two years after the pool was in evidence again, "A. D. 1100, at Pentecost was seen in Berk- shire at a certain town blood to well from the earth; as many said that saw it. And thereafter on the morning after Lammas day was the King William shot in hunting by 8X1 arrow from his own men." . . . . Blood "was seen to rise fmm the earth at I-Iu 1cm! (same poolli in 1100, and it "was a very calamitoils year in this land. through manifold

maglne: we used to imitate it on‘

fitting two vessels

THE GUAROIAN

I CONSERVATION I

I will COLUMN OI PBIGTIOAL OPINION! 0P I‘!!! VITA]. ISSUES AFFECTING TIE USES AND ABUSIS OI IATUIAL lllflUlflfi II

Ill LUDIDW IENIDIL

CANADA'S ‘FUR RESOURCES

l

The story of tne fur trade in Canada is one of romance, adven- ture, conflict and even bloodshed. The early history of Canada ab- ounds with the activities of the iur, traders, for the fur trade was a vital {actor in shaping of Candads dest- n .

On the‘ North American Contin- ent the first iur traders were the French and Russian companies, Tile most important. step. however, in the development of the iur trade of, Canada must be credited to two. French traders, Groseilliers and‘ Radisson,_ who, in the year 1663,. made their way into the ivilderncss beyond Lake Superior, and return. ed to Montreal with o load of iurs. These two adventurers, after being repulsed in Paris, succeeded in in- teresting a few British noblemeni and merchants to the extent oi out- I to proceed tof Hudson Bay to attempt to tap the. fur trade of the central poriou of the continent by a sea route through ' Hudson Bay. ‘The 2nd of Mny 1670‘ saw the incorporation of the Gov-l ernor 8a Co. of Adventurers of Eng- land, trading into Hudson's Bayg; WhlCh W115, in later years, to be. come known us Hudson's Bay Co., which company. it is claimed, is the oldest fur-trading company 1n the world.

‘Ihe fur trade. which was the most important factor in the settle- ment and development of Canada in its younger days. has continued i0 thrive throughout the years, and as s, national resource, the fur, bearers have lsyed their part bet. fer, perhaps, hen could have been axiticipated.

Although year after year g'reat' numbers of fur bearers have been taken. and although the northward- advancing tide of settlement and industry has driven many of these creatures from their habitat, the supply of pelts has kept well ab- reast. of the demand. This is due

d largely to the comprehensive laws; enacted by the Federal and Prov-Ii

incial Go/verments for the protec-. tion of furr beilrers. the closing of seasons in some areas for certain species, the licensing of trappers,

By l-Ioyes Lloyd, National Parks 1am“ mrwzmu“ u“ of Canada .

farms. There are now in the neigh- borhood of 7,000 fur farms in oper- Dominion. Eighty percent of these are fox farms, the remainder being mink, raccoon, muskrai. and beaver farms. There are also a few farms devoted to badger. fitch, marten, lynx, skunk coyote. and chinchilla rabbit.

‘The national parks of Canada are an important factor in the conser- vation of iur-bearing animals. and it is to these sanctuaries, and other slmiliar reservations that credit may have to be given for the perpetuat- ion of certain species of fur bear- ers; particularly one like the mar- ten and the beaver which have reached a, low ebb. and which do not stand up agaainst keen exploit- ution. ,

The vvlliie f-JX is. of course, high-

ly variable in population and the catch indicates this variation from year to year. ,There is very reason for optimism with regard to the future of the fur industry in Canada. It is a fact that there is an ever-increasing use of furs in the world of fashion. It is hoped that through good conservat- ion Canada will continue to help meet the demand for fine fur.

For msmv ytoars a large proportion of Canada's fur was sent to sales- rcoms in LondomNr-w York. Si. Louis. and other central markets where foreign buyers assembled. but Canadian fur markets are now plav- ing a vigorous part in this regard. and many fur buyers now come to Canada to buy their furs.

War-ZS Years Ago Today

May 22, i918- German destroyer sunk in British air raid on port oil Zeebrugge, Belgium, Sir Douglas Hzlig praised Canadian troops cn visit to the Canadian Corps on Western Front. Thirty German air- craft raided Paris; one killed, l2 in-

ured.

May 33 lQiB-Briiish troopshlp Moldavia, carrying American troops, iorpedoer; and sunk southeast Eng- lish coast; 56 klled by the explosion. Costa Rica declared war on Ger-

i cred production of fur farms and an-

ilnposltions (i. e. King's taxes) ant: through murraln of cattle. and deficiency of produce. not only in corn, but in every kind of fruit." The "blood" was some kind 0f D70‘ fonoan or perhaps alga. which multi- plied in the D001 every 1'95!‘ 9-115’ gave the water a crimson h_ue. One of the early writers on fungi, E. I». Trgueggarp mentions that a misre- scopic plant. afterwards identified as a Spiriiium, was found impart- ing a red hue to a stream near Jena. in 1336. "Bloody rain" and "b10001! snow’ are on record. and examin- ation shows that the color is de- iived from stmilxlr low forms of life. 1L 1_ 1194 ~-""i.i_; rear was the first day of Pentecost on the nails-S of June: and on the ‘Puesday fol- lowing were seen four circles at mmdwv about ti“ gun, of a white hue, each described under the 0-1101‘ as if they were measured. All 111M? saw it wondered: ‘or thfiy 116V" remembered such before." The date is Whit Tuesday, 8th of June, lib-l: and‘ the circles are SWPIY W1" haloes. due to water vapor iii the air, The old chronicler couldn v find any ill deed w pin 0n *0 imm- Another comet. appeared in 1106

"In the first week of Lent. on U19 Friday, which was the fourteenth before the calends of March. in the evgning appeared an unusual star. and s long time afterwards was seen every evening shining awhile. The star appeared in the south-west. it. was thought little and dark, but u... rain of light which stOOQ from u. was very bright. and appeared like an immense beam shl-nlflfl north-east: and some evening this beam was seen as if it were movin! itself fOYWHTfI against the s1"- Solne said that they saw more of such unusual stars at. this time: but we do not writs more fully about it, because we saw it not ourselves.

supper, that is. the Thursday before Easter, were seen two moons in the heavens before clay. the one in the east. and the other in the west. both mil; and ll. was the fourteenth day of the moon."

The date of the comet's first. ftp- pearauce was February 16. i106. and it followed the usual routine o. comets; as it swung round the sun. its tall was driven outwards away from the sun. by that lumlnarys radiation, This accounts for the his: torianfis belief that the tail neemer. to be bending towards the star: it may account for the belief~ upon which he will not comment -that there were more comets than one. The "two moons in the heavens" are very puzzling; if they had been near each other, one might have suspected some kind of paraselene. but full moons in opposite regions of the sky defy explanativi. Wife- ther these dire portents were in- strumental or not. "this year also were heavy and sinful conflicts be- tween the Enlperor of sazov and his son, and in the midst of these con- flicts the father fell. and the son succeeded to the empire."

Lord Bouthwood is trying to trace "Benny and Nicholas." two boys who sent him five shillings. "what. we have scraped up from our nocket money for the Red Cross.’ They saved five shillings and four- pence, but "spent four pence of it on sweets."

Mark Forester, a Yorkslre head- master, told the Common Wealth party conference at Manchester

Fredericton Dlsfrici Representatives J

A

that Britain's school children de-

an the re latio of the Bg§,,,,1}¥ln"“ n trade 2181.111]. Allied aircraft raided Mann-

A d‘ g example of the benefit. e m fir-d P111895- of the international co-opcration in - " '—--" Y: -- -- fur conservation is indicated by the, following extract from a re rt of the committee of foreign re ations,

American Fisheries Society, 1935:

Prior to 1911 the fur seal herd that‘. breeds on the Pribilof Islands had become almost negligible from a commercial point of vicvv, havlngl .' been reduced to a low level of be- , tween 125.000 and 136,000 animals.’ 1 With s, view to rehabilitating this » herd the pelagic sealing treaty I . 101i was minted into by the United ,_ _.

States, Great-Britain, Japan, and .~ Russia. As a result of this treaty thetseali herd, nfccording ltodtlge 1682-,

n stma e" ‘ 'Un e a 5' " goverement, is elowhlndzlixcess of Ll! 0'5" Ym" B"? chm" h"! 300, 000 animals, whi permits of u}: annfual tail-la d! lwell CV61‘ 50,0001 P- E- 1- AGENTS s ns o surp us ma es.

Fifty-seven thousand two hun- mg; I§Q°QQ§ %'“‘§""f'd,(§§f_ dred and ninety-six skins were‘ Emilio?‘ ' ' ~ ' taken during the past season of i935. L L Smwurt‘ nlontazue

G. Franklin Brown. Brown's Store. New London

The fur trade of Canada is no longer dependant soley upon the| twp 11m - The Growth 01 f“! "W; n. A. Jelléy. Juicy-s Dept. store, (TLeilry Clarence F. plaslam, Spring- field, Emerald

ching in recent. years has been such. that. it is estimated that one-third of the total value of pelts produced‘ is derived from animals bred on fur

Wool Marketing

Registered Wool Warehouse Number ldhas been established in the Potato Growers’ warehouse at the foot. oi Prince street, Charlottetown. This warehouse, operated under tne Canadian Wool Board. 11111111", ""1 registered in the name oi‘ the Prince ltdward Island Sheep Breeder! As- sociation, will be open to receive wool on iuesday, June 15th. Wool should be shipped care of Wool Grading Station, uharlottetowni Freight Collect. An advance of 22 cents per pound will be made on a1 W001 0f satisfactory quality and properly prepared ior marketing. The balance will be paid when wool is graded. Wool fleeces should be packed in old, but. clean sacking, catch fleece tied separately with p811!!! all-This’ and Pm‘ perly ta ged with the name and address of the owner. Be sure the tag is attac ed both within and without your sacks. Deductions will be made for wool tied with binder twine.

BONUS 0N CLEAN

In support of the Sheep Expansion Programme and to encourage cleaner wool production, the - ominion and Provincial Department; of Agriculture will pay a BONUS 0F FOUR CENTS per pound on all stand- ard grades of Canadian Fleece Wool when the individual clip is PRO- PERLY PREPARED AT TIME or SHEARING. payment of the bonus will be made direct to the GNIWGI‘ through the Provincial Department. and only against the Certified Stam of Aiproval placed upnn the Wool Grading Statement by the Register-e Ware ouae through which the wool

Dill

WOOL

HOW T0 SECURE THE BONUS

Any Grower may qualify by observing a few simple rules when shearing his sheep.

1. Shear sheep only when fleeces are dry and keep shorn wool from getting damp or wet.

2. Remove all lfoavy Tags and Dung Locks before tyin each fleece.

3. if burrs are present only on the underside of the f eece, remove l" such Burry Bellies before tying.

I. Remove any neck or back sections of fleece known to be heavy with chaff. seeds and straw,-cr shake out the chaff as much as possible before tying each fleece.

5. Keep the short, hairy leg and face clippinlg separate. Avoid rolling them in with the fleece. Keep fleece intac .

8. Tie with paper twine. keeping shorn side and shoulder portions on outside. With small clips, a good method is to spread fleece, shorn side dawn, on a clean surface, fold In sides and roll neatly from brltoh to nec ..

‘I. Pack sesarately all tag: Barry Bellies, Chlffy rtlons and lhfry Leg and Fare liprings. Pac any Grey, Black or rown Fleeces cep- nrate from the wh to.

B. For Careful and Safe Bonus Ap ralsal make certain that gour- 1943 ell reaches Registered Wool W-ue uule operated by the P. . l. Sheep reedcra‘ Association.

' THE BONUS WILL N01‘ BE PAID 0N l. Wool tied with Binder Twine or other Sisal Twine.

2. Any Clip received at the Registered "mehnuse In poor condition and which has to be cleaned and properly prepared for market. prior to

grading. S. lyonl received in a Damp. Wet or Musty condition.

This Bonus Payment is definitely designed tn produce a cleaner and more desirable wool clip. It applies only to Individual cllpl received free of rejects or with rejects separated as above outlined.

SHIP YOUR. WOOL to

spite extra wartime Jobs are doing Lbetter home-work than ever before.

THE PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND SHEEP BREEDERS’ ASSOCIATION. CHABLOTTETOWN

i 51942. 40.000 Belts. The Swedes would

TIMELY NOTESON TOPICS i CONNECTED WITH

Silver Fox Farming

Eziward Island Silver Fox Breed- ers’ and Exhibitors’ Association which is scheduled tn be held at Charlottetown on Tuesday, June 15th at 1.30 p.m., has been post.- poned until rriday. June 25th. at the same time. The meeting place will be the Agricultural Room in the Prince of Wales college.