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PAGE 0 riunav, sum. 21. 1952.

-AVID.’ O"G..f?

Trade Relorm Outlook

The adoption, by the United States Senate, of President Ken- nedy’s radical trade expansion ‘bill is an event of prime importance. The solid vote of 78-8 on which the meas- ure passed was hailed as dramatic evidence of a shift in the protection- ist viewpoint of many senators and a major victory for the administration. Of chief interest to the outside world is the fact that l:his bill was proposed as theanswer to the European Com- mon Market. It had passed the House of Representatives almost intact, and now, with only one minor amend- ment, it will go back there with every assurance of its being enacted.

Under this measure the President will be permitted to cut tariffs 50 per cent generally. abolish some tariffs altogether, and provide SOV- ernment aid to United States indus- tries and workers injured by increas- ed imports.

Meanwhile the Commonwealth members have been assured that there will be “full and continuing con- sultation" before Rritain makes its - final decision on whether to join the I six-nation European Economic Com- . munity. But there is nothing in the communique issued at the end of the conference to Indicate that British hands will be tied when talks with the Common Market group resume within a few weeks.

As Prime Minister Macmillan re-

minded his Commonwealth partners. “Britain is independent too, although we have not yet declared our inde- pendence." What was stirring about his closing speech was his view of . Europe and of Britain's destiny. !. “The future of the world," he de- clared, “may well depend on policies pursued by the countries of Europe in the next generation or more. They are abandoning their old internal and fratricidal disputes. Here as in Europe many among the younger i generation especially are impatient with old disputes and intolerant of what se em obsolete conceptions. These young people want us in Britain to take our place and if we_can to lead in the advance to the future.”

The same breadth of vision is being shown by President, Kennedy at this time, and the response to his leadership is indicative of the wide appeal which the trade expansion movement is making throughout the United States. Surely this fact will not be lost sight of by those who are guiding Canada’s destiny! T h e world’s future may well be at stake in this mighty movement that is zweeping both hemispheres.

Quebec Election Called

Premier Lesage has proven him- self a level-headed government lead- er and his calling of a snap general election in Quebec, after a little more than two years in office. and on a 4 ginge issue of cxpropriating eleven

private power companies, must make sdnee to his supporters. What gives " his gesture an air of shadow-boxing. however. is the fact that the Union Nationals Party, with 40 out of ‘.1 qipunm seats in the Quebec Legis- lature, ‘is not ‘on record as opposing e=tvrwfi-t‘r~ -

Mr. Johnson, the Union Nationale ': be on sound ground

' that a general election as referendum . ‘ii A "°‘° ‘ "fcy‘¢Luaga ‘government. he . ' ' ‘ a vote against E‘ .taasmuchastheop— f ssgsaebepn against

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in. All rights on republication of special dispatches

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luuoxl to osdbtu and build) Us Qdcdaudy, .

there may be a policy statement which could be construed in this light. But the Premier has definitely called the election for November 14, and in the meantime he faces the onus of putting the province to un- necessary expense when a referendum would serve the purpose of giving him the mandate he seeks. .

Public ownership of power re- sources in Quebec has been discuss- ed for more than thirty years. Open opposition to it now seems to stem chiefly from the Shawinigan Water and Power group-—the largest of all the province’s private power com- panies—hut according to a govern- ment spokesman there is “solid op- position from private interests gen- erally." How those interests can be a threat to the government without having representation in the Legis- lature has not been explained.

There may be other factors in- volved in the calling of the election, of course. of which the public is un- aware. The Lesage government has given sound administration, and is en- titled to the benefit of any doubts as to its motives that may ‘arise. It has worked co-operatively with Ottawa and with the other provinces, and its continuance in power would, we be- lieve, be a good thing for Quebec. It is its procedure on this occasion that surprises us, as being unwarranted on the basis given. Perhaps other reasons for this sudden appeal to the electorate will emerge as the cam- paign gets under way.

Costly Bullheadedness

When the United States began its first high altitude nuclear tests, there was international warning from physicists of many countries. They feared that it would place an import- ant radiation handicap on all journeys into outer space. and it would set a dangerous precedent to assume that the right of self-defense also gave a nation and right to experiment with environmental features which belong to all nations.

Now there is a new man-made band of intense radiation, estimated to be 3.000 miles thick and extending for 3,600 miles in the north-south direction, with its peak intensity about 2,400 miles and covering the best available routes from midhemis— phere countries into outer space. It will be necessary to go out over the polar regions to avoid it or to add substantial shielding to future space capsules. It is obvious what further testing of high altitude bombs would do.

Belatedly. the U.S. Space Adminis- tration is preparing a new satellite to measure this damage. Certainly it is desirable to make this test asscon as possible. The trouble may be a good deal more serious than the au- thorities at Washington have let the public know. Doubtless they are not certain themselves. The point is that they acted with what the Christian Science Monitor calls “bullheaded in- competence” in pursuing these al- titude tests in the first place. There was no hint of a requirement of American defense so important as to override the warnings they received from other competent authorities. Soviet propaganda is making the most of this blunder, and understandably so. There should be a shakeun at the Pentagon to determine who the bull-

headed incompetents were.

EDITORIAL NOTES

Changes in the farm credit act, forecast for thelcoming session of Parliament, may be purposely slant- ed toward increasing beef produc-- tion in Canada. This could be done by special financial inducements to farmers who are building up beef herds, or who are switching from dairy to beef. An increasing demand for beef in the North American market is already being noted by Canadian agriculturists and an ‘n- crease of nearly 200,000 in beef cows and yearling heifers has been reported in the past year.

an 4- :-

A useful booklet for business- men has just been published by the Department of Trade and Com- merce. Entitled "Federal Services For Business”, it summarizes the wide range of sdrvices and informa- tion of direct interest to business available from 21 federal govern- ment departmcnta and agencies. Running to 88 pages, it includes a , handy index and lists information under 27 headings ranging from business. opportunities. financial and technical assistance, to marketing

‘ethane and abroad.

‘around its elliptical trail.

‘IUEOPEAN comer-I Mazirrr

I-

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HARD TO KEEP UP THAT FRESHMAN YEAR

The Home And The University

At this time of the year thou- 1 from that of the last year

sands of young Canadians find ~

themselves in universities as freshmen. It is eas to look upon freshmen lightheartedly. and even humorously. But truth is that their one year as freshmen is one the most

fateful years these young perr .

class is certain to fail. this the calculation based on past experience. Most of these who fail will leave university for- ever, to miss all the advantag- es that might have been theirs. Students are not a class by themselves. living in a world of their own. Students come to Canadian universities out of Canadian homes. They bring with them the attitudes toward life and work that eir en- vironment has given them. What value a student will place on learning cannot be se- parated from how his parents regard learning. If they look upon 'uuiversity—as a pleasant place to which means of guaranteeing a better income after graduation. or as a place in which to be socially successful, the hard and serious business of learning may be downgraded. There may even be some lingering suspicion of learning as such. as though it is an uni‘.-éalthy on

M

. a temptation into the intellectual ifc.

ADVANTAGES

uth may also be that if

a student coming out of such

an environment fails at the end his freshman year, the

OTHER The tr

that he did not live up to the opportunities for study. It may bo. 1- her. that he will be shut. out from all these other advan- tages that were incidental to graduation. '

In other words, the regret will be as unrelated to the pri- mary purpose of university ad- mission as was the motive in sending the student to univer- sity ii. the first place.

This is one way in which the responsibility has a broader base than the student himself. Another contributing cause to his failure may lie in the uni- varsity itself.

. first voar of university is a very different atmosphere

freshmen -

.Unil bl .

Montreal Gazette

high school. It is right that should be so, and that the stu- dent should be made to realize that he is responsible. as be

e 5 has never been before. for the'

management of his own life. THE GREATEST THING

The greatest thing that the first year may teach the fresh- man is not that there are hard and grim tasks to be faced, but that the mastering of difficul- ties is the greatest satisfaction

ill

1

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of l that life has too offer.

That first year, in university is a hard test and it should be. The home and the university have their great obligations not to make it easy for the fresh- man to succeed (which they cannot do). but to encourage the hard effort that will bring something more than success; the self-discovery that is the innermost reward of achieve- ment. And that is a discovery for a lifetime.

Tardy U.N. Openings By Joseph Macswc-en Canadian Press Staff Writer

Incredible as it may sound, the question of getting to work on time has bee raised at e

ed Nations General Ssem-

y ‘I

In an organization charged with maintaining peace in the world, it is true that diplomats find it too to be at their desks for beginning of debates and sornetimes they don't show

al

-up at .

The opening of the 17th Gen- eral Assembly Tuesday wasde- layed a half-hour butthat delay was considered light in com- parison with previous sessions which opened an hour or more

late.

Muhammad Zafrulla Khan of Pakistan, the newly - elected president of the 17th assembly,

was explicit on the subject at ,

his first press conference when

he ranked punctuality with dig- ; mas seaso .

nity in proceedings at UN meet- ings.

The problem seems to be par- ticularly acute when political leaders areabsent from the as- sembly and things are left to professional diplomats, who en- unciate policies but do not make them.

Soviet Foreign Minister Au- drei Gromyko was the ranking major-power representative at the assembly opening although there ‘were some 40 other for- elgn ministers from smaller countries.

One UN source dragged up the old turkey about “when the cat's away the mice will play to describe the attitude of dip- lomats when the political pol- icy-makers, are not around to

~¢

apply pressure.

The Autumnal Equinox’

National Geographic Society

The Northern Hemisphere spins into autumn at 7:35 a.m eastern standard time Sunday, September 23.

Summer ends when the sun crosses the Equator. Or to put it more accurately, the earth reaches the point in its orbit where its axis is aimed neither away from not toward the sun.

A perpetual tilt in the axis gives the earth its changes of

season. - The tilt amounts to 23% do greea from an imaginary per- pendicular. I5 always slants in the same direction. thus North Pole leans toward the sun during part of-the ear-th’s journey and away from it dur- ing another part. The moment when the North Pole leans most directly toward _ sun is the summer solstice which, in

1962. occurred on June 2!. Six months later, when our spinning site II at is halfvgay t e

North Pole reaches its farthest

point from the sun to herald the beginning ‘of winter. DAY EQUAL8 NIGHT At points on the orbit between

made sluggish by a summer of wading through high humidity suddenly show a little in o r e bounce In their step.

Lle in general seen: to quicken as children troop to and from school. The chatter of foot- ball announcers sets the pace for leaf raking chores. The holl- day season is just a couple of ‘calendar pages away.

Autumn brings a special brand of weather. Scientists ex- plain that during title 0 still. dry. lengthening nights fewer cloud layers linger above the earth to contain its warmth. Dew gllstens as vapor conden- sea on surfaces quick - cooled by rapid dissipation of heat into the atmosphere. Fog forms in lowlands; streams . and lakes send plumes of steam into th e

3 4 D

off N bins ful eats ttukling - crisp mornlun. John Deanne o ed

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‘ small

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The standard reply to queries about tardiness is that much UN busintss is done informally, off the assembly floor, and that promptness in arriving at meet- ings doesn't necessarily mean anyt 'ng. ’

An explanation that is at least equally valid is that many countries some countries have smaller popula- tions than Montreal or Toronto —just haven't enough people to go around and can't always be present for meetings. SESSIONS DRAG ON

Zafrulla Khan's comment was

‘ in the nature of a followup to

recommendations by his prede- cessor. Mongl Slim of Tunisia, that assembly meetings begin onthe first Tuesday of Septem- er -— rather than the third Tuesday — in an effort to clear up business before the Christ-

0'

n

For the 16th assembly. there

was not one but two resumed

sessions after Christmas, and drragg into M

lethargic way. Del ta were frequently an hour or more late for meetings although they protested in speeches that met- ters on the agenda — such as colonialism ln Sou ern Rho- desia — were so crucial that global war might erupt without their priority attention.

The big so-called glass house on New York's East River has been used countless times by politicians whose aim is to en- hance their prestlge at home rather than do antyhlng cou-

structlve for world problems.

OUR YESTERDAYS (From the Guartllaa Files)

TWENTY - FIVE YEARS AGO (September 21. 1087)

The annual dinner of the of- ficcrs of the 21st Field Ambul- ance was held at the Drill Hall last evening. Lt.-Col. J.J. Blake, officer commanding the unit, presided. Speakers included Col‘.- I-I.D. Johnston who received the early history of the medical corps in this province and the Maritimes. -

The Catholic Collegiate Club which comprises th dents of St. Dunstan‘: Univer- sity and the Roman Catholic students of Prince of Wales Col- lege and of the business colleg- leatol tide city was rear-geulsed as av

lug. The meeting as £18111 luef'he Knights of Columllus

ran YEARS aoo

exam in No scotia Hospital auditor-l Halifax, were two young w en from the Island, Klee Edits C. Atkins, Mount Stewart and Miss Florence Mccabe of char- lottetowu.

Tlieflrstedlfiouof "The Al-V’ W

Country Fungus Goes To. Town

3. Yea Dallas old

ing to the cities. It is caused a yeast-like fungus that settles in various tissues but prefer the lungs. The causative organ- lams are found in barns and in soil contaminated usually by bird droppings.

Four Missouri Boy Scouts de- veloped fevar and cough and were taken to the same‘ hospi- tal. Chest X-ray findings sul-

histoplaemoaia. It took

to discover that these boys had worked with 60 other scouts in the same area of a city park.

Members of the scout group were contacted and skin and blood tests for hlstoplasmosl were done. along. with chest X rays. Only 10 had been ill but W per cent of those who h a d worked in the park had a posi- tlve skin test. 60 per cent had a positive blood test..and 47 per cent showed an active lesion on X-ray. Studies were conducted on another group of- scouts who had not worked in the park and 41, 25, and 25‘per cent had posi- tive" tests in the order of those mentioned above.

The boys came from a _P8l't of Missouri which is a 1118911 contaminated area. Sixty-two per cent of all the soil samples o0llect(\ from e park 0011' tained the fungus, H. CaPSlll3*

tum. Soil samples taken from six sites within a radius of miles showed only one positive culture. Why was the park cou- tamlnated? It was populated by thousands of starlings, whose -droppings almost completely covered the ground.

The ection is not transmitted drectzly from person to person but a inhaled in the contamina- ted dust ftmm me soil. Pigeons and chickens one the most-com- mon . In the centarl part of the United States, up to 75 per cent of the population show evidence of having

3

Less than five per cent of this number develop symptoms and until we had the above tests. the condition was diag- nosed only in this small percen- tage. No wonder if was con- sidered a rare disease. The im- portant consideration is that the lung findings of hlstoplas- mosis mimic tuberculosis and u mltake might be made unless the proper tests are done.

(Dr. Van Dellen will answer questions on medical topics if stamped, self-addressed enve- lope accompanies request.)

GLAUCOMAIN THE FAMILY .C. writes: My grand- mother, mother, and brother have glaucoma and, sad to say. are nearly blind. I’m afraid I'll get it as I grow older. What about my children? 15 it con- tagious? Is it hereditary? BE Glaucoma is not contagious but hewty plays a role. It is the price some of us pay f or living past 40. With your back- ground. pay particular atten- tion to early symptoms and consult an ophthalmologist as quickly as possible should vi- sion ome misty or halo: ap- pear around lights. Send stamp- ed self-addressed envelope for leaflet on glaucoma. COFFEE PEPS HIM UP M.V. writes: My husband has low blood pressure. Could t his be due to drinking an excessive amount of coffee? R

No. We don't know why some people have low blood pressure but we do know they live lo er than those with high blood pressure. Your husband is for‘- tunate.

WEIGHT LIFTING AND PALSY

A.D. writes: I contracted Bell's palsy on the left side of the face. After recovery will I be able to return to weight

lifting? REPLY Y .1 doubt if you use your facial muscles to lift eights. TODAY'S HEALTH HINT-— Be physically active the year ‘round. ,

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ii‘-i-may BY THE WAY