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PAGE 4 THURSDAY. OCT. 9, 1958.

A Great Spiritual Leader

Throughout his long pontifical reign, the late Pope Pius XII was known as “a fighter for peace.” He was constantly preoccupied with this campaign, and in assailing material- ism which he termed “the same old enemy” that had sought through the ages to avert man’s eyes from God. In 1952 he. called for a spiritual crusade to turn the world from “paths which sweep on to ruin” and to save the human race from fright- ful disaster. An old man, thin and ascetic, plagued by serious illnesses, I he drove himself unmercifully in the performance of his arduous duties— working as long as 18 to 19 hours a day, living with extreme frugality, yet making himself accessible to all and opening the doors of Vatican Palace wider than any other pontiff had done. By the time he reached his 80th birthday in 1956 he had re- ceived more than 10 million persons in audience. On that occasion thou- sands of pilgrims gathered in St. Peter’s Square to wish the Pontiff well, and messages from leaders of states throughout the free world Spoke eloquently of the esteem and reverence in which he Was held.

A celebrated scholar from his.

early days, His Holiness could speak seven languages fluently and was acquainted with nine or ten more. Early in his pontificate he expressed the belief that “the scientific pro- gress of our times should serve the salvation of souls.” To this end he initiated many new policies and reforms. He often surprised a visitor from a remote country with intimate knowledge of its condition, and specialists in many fields had the same experience in discussing their occupations with him.

That 'Pope Pius was revered by the millions of his own church fol- lowers throughout the world goes without saying. But there is no ques- tion as to the profound impression this great man made upon Christians of all denominations, and even on those of other creeds or of none, Who were capable of appreciating nobility of character and burning zeal for human welfare. His life was truly one of inspired labour in his Master’s vinyard, of dedication to his high calling, and of example if) others in the realm of ‘ spiritual leadership which stands out like a beacon in this troubled age.

A Free Press

At the beginning of National Newspaper Week in the ,United States (it began last Thursday) President Eisenhower sent the fol- lowing message “to the newspapers of the nation”: “A strong society of free men must be kept fully in- formed. Liberty can flourish only in the climate of truth. In our Ameri- can tradition much of the burden for making known the affairs of the day falls upon the newspapers of the nation. With thorough and fear- less inquiry, with clear and respon- sible reporting, the press renders a fundamental service to the citizens of our republic. Each year during Newspaper Week I am glad to send greetings to the members of the press. Our nation with all its people are more than ever, in these critical times, dependent upon those news- paper standards which separate the significant from the sensational, scorn half~truths and rumour, and consider their profession for what it basically is—a public trust”.

There are newspapers, no doubt, which do not separate “the signifi- cant from the sensational” or scorn “half truths and rumour”. But, in the main, newspapers have a sense of public trust and do their best to discharge their responsibilities right- ly and well. There are times, it must be said, when their efforts to report and interpret the news are thwarted, wittingly or unwittingly, by politic- ians and government officials. Fre- quently, an official who does not like to see in print a statement Which he has made to reporters, tries to make out that he was “mis- quoted”. Occasionally, of course—- since newsmen, like other mortals

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are UKer to make mIStakes—tnat is the case. But, more often than not, misquotation is a refuge for in- discretion.

Thcre are times, too, when im- portant conferences in which the public has a close and legitimate in- terest, are held “behind closed doors”. Except on very rare occas- ions, this is a mistake and an in- direct attack on the freedom of the press. Anything that concerns the public is the press’s business. And, make no mistake about it, a free and independent press is a necessary concomitant of democratic govern- ment. It is no accident that would- be dictators always start out on their coercion of freedom by laying their hands heavily on the press.

Unsatisfactory Situation

In addressing the annual confer- ence of the Federation of Mayors and Municipalities, Prime Minister Diefenbaker suggested that muni- cipal Governments give him a plan for dividing the “tax dollar” justly. They will have no trouble doing that; and almost certainly their plan will be for the Federal Government to loosen its purse strings for the benefit of municipalities which in most instances, have exhausted their

. tax raising resources. This is so, de-

spite the Prime Minister’s off-handed observation that the property tax— which is about all the municipalities have to go on—has not yet been de- veloped to its maximum efficiency.

The difficulty about all this—- even if the Federal Government were inclined to be sympathetic, which is by no means certain—is that under Canadian practice the municipalities have no direct relationship with the Federal Government. Financial as- sistance which might come from Ottawa to Charlottetown, say, is more in the nature of a begrudged hand-out than of a fiscal respon- sibility. It is the Provincial Govern- ments which have constitutional re- sponsibility—such as it is——~towards municipalities; and these, . in most instances, certainly in the case of this Province, can only aid the muni- cipalities in proportion to the extent that they themsclVes are aided by Ottawa.

It is a most unsatisfactory situa-

tion; and until it is changed by a constitutional amendment, or at

least',b‘y a new agreement among ,

all three levels of government, the municipalities are not likely to find the Federal treasury a rich source of income. Federal officials like nothing better than “passing the buck”.

EDITORIAL NOTES

There is bound to be a certain amount of unemployment this win- ter. There is. every Winter. But'there Will be a lot more than might rea- sonably be expected if governments keep looking upon it as a problem about which little or nothing can be done.

- it a a

A Navy officer says that “navy men are much quieter than they used to be”. The question now arises: What is there about the Navy that produces quiet conduct? Certainly, society in general is not quieter than it‘used to be.

- a: It at

President Eisenhower has chas- tised Senator Theodore F. Green of Rhode Island for saying in a recent speech that in the event of war with China and Russia over the Quemoy Islands issue the United States would be faced with disunity at home and in, friendly countries. The Senator, however, was on sure ground when he made the statement.

a: at: at:

Evidently, the research experts are sometimes at a loss to know how to spend their time. Recently, one team delved into the matter of the kitchen vs. the dining-room and came up with the important infor- mation that 70 per cent of home meals in the United States are serv- ed in the kitchen. In the summer the rate rises one point.

, a: a: It

The belated arrived of the “Wil- liam Carson” on the North Sydney- Port Aux Basques run will not only make a better ferry service but, ac- cording to Mayor Hodder of Port Aux Basques, be a great economic stimulus to the Newfoundland ter- minal. Mr. Hodder thinks that the service will “end unemployment” and “double the town’s population in 10 years”. The present popula- tion is around 5,000, most of whom depend largely on railway and coas- tal shipping

in Parliament from a private op-

.tourist appeal and the tourist in-

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OTTAWA REPORT

Golden Voice S'tul'tified

By Patrick

Ottawa: This column used to report the inspired oratory heard

position member/whom I des— cribed as “The Golden Voice of the Prairies”.

That seems like a very long time ago. Since the Conservative Convention in 1956 and the Gen- eral Election in 1957, that phrase about the Golden Voice has fal- len into oblivion.

Anyone who listened to debates in our House of Commons in the decade before 1956, can remem— ber the~increasim8l1y keen antici- pation and the filling seats when- ever the lawyer from Prince Al- bert, John Diefenlbaker, rose to speak. They can remember how, pushing his chair to one side to clear a small deck on which he would level an accusing forefing- er across the floor of the House, in that so familiar attitude.

The flow of unanswerable lo- gic, the compelling arguments, the whipsaw sarcasm and the flashing wit poured forth a flood of golden oratory, as the

akcr measured and mtatlohm all: mood of his audience. That was oratory of a kind which was and is alas all too rare in our Parliament, whore few indulge in “parlement” or speaking, but most resort to “lisement” or read

mg. THE GAGGED VOICE

Now that golden voice is stil- led. Seldom do we hear the Prime Minister speaking with the fire, the sparkle and the satire with which the private member from Prince Albert used to speak.

But that is through no fault of Mr. John Diefenlbaker. His golden voice has been hamstrung, hog— tied and stultified by unneces- sary laziness on the part of oth- ers. So now, when his oratorical opportunities have (been multipli- ed by his position, his effective- ness has been diminished in in- verse ratio.

For when Mr. Diefenbaker makes a speech today, he speaks as Prime Minister of Canada.

PUBLIC! FORUM

This column is open to the discus

don by correspondents of question of

interest. The Guardian does not nesee

nrily endorse the opinion of corrcs Dondents.

MEMBERSHIP DRIVE

Sir, — The Prince Edward Is- land Historical Society is renew- ing its membership drive in the future and I wish to bespeak an enthusiastic response. The Society though small in numbers and de- pendent for its operations on membership dues has already es- tablished itself as an institution filling a definite need and deserv— ing of whole-hearted community support.

We have assisted or taken the lead in putting on several exhibi- tions of historical relies and an» tiques to demonstrate the value of a Provincial Museum. We have compiled and published three booklets, namely, Historic High- lights, Historic Side-lights, and Folklore, to preserve interesting accounts of our Island history.

With a passing reference to the renaming of our Dominion Build- ing we feel we are responsible for arousing public interest in our original provincial capital Port La Joie and Fort Amherst to the point where the Provincial Government has acquired their sites and the Dominion Govern- ment; is undertaking their de- velopment as a national historic park.

We have further aims in view for the recovery of our history and the restoration or marking of other historical sites. Our work has a practical as well as a cul- tural side as it enhances our

duslry is an important and ex- panding one in the Province.

A strong membership is desir- ed to expand our influence, carry on our work and maintain a per- manent place in our community.

I am, Sir. ctc

H. L. PALMER

Nicholson

Each speech is of major interest to Canadians, a newsworthy e- vent to be r cried in all our newspapers. “tors want each speech to be set up in type fully, accurately and if possible be- fore it has been delivered.

So, to meet the imagined con- venience of newspapers Wiwse re- porters now lack the basic skill essential to their task of report- ing, Mr. iefenbarloer, like every other pub c figure in Canada, is compelled to prepare the text of his speech in advance if he wants it to be reported adflllfltely. Then he must read it to his audience, exactly as prepared, comma by comma andword for word. DULL AND HEAVY READING

Mr. Diefeplbaker hates reading. He always succeeds in reading in a manner which eloquently ex- presses .hi's scorn of «such faked eloquence. His audience is de- prived of 'his oratory, tampered to its mood. by a speaker who has. the knack of brilliantly sen- sing lu's listeners, and moulding his sentences to meet their-thum- our as [he speaks. Instead, his audience is subjected to the mon- otonous reading of an essay, pre- pared perhaps many ho-urs and many hundreds of miles away

from his audience with no sum of its mood and with perhaps in- correct knowlcdge even of the hour at which the reading will commence.

Among many examples can be mentioned the occasion when the Prime Minister was billed to de- liver a speech of major impor- tance, at the banquet of the Com- monwealth Economic Conference in Montreal. The shedding text had been duplicated and given out to the press beforehand. Fin- ally the Prime Minister rose to deliver a speech thoroughly un- suitable to the mood of an over- stuffed audience and at the un- expected hour of near midnight.

The Prime Minister and ever!- one else in public life should scrap the prepared text—unless the need it to bolster their im- perfect oratorical ability, and this does not apply to the Golden Voice that used to be heand. If reporters cannot emulate the late great Charles Dickens, who was a reporter skilled in writing short- hand before he was 30 years old. then the staff of the Prime Min- ister should 11542 that simple lit- tle gadget a tape recorder. The staff should bustle to have the authoritative text duplicated with in one hour of the speech,’as is possible.

No orator ever got throttled by magnetised tape. But the Golden Voice of the Prairies and most

other public voices are being stul- tified by prepared texts.

Controversial Islands

United Kingdom Information Service

The new Chinese Communist threat to invade Quemoy, one of the “offshore islands” held by the Chinesa Nationists. raises le- gal and political questions. which were last of acute international concern in 1955, at at the time of an earlier Communist propagan- da onslaught, accompanied them by relatively manor military ac- tivity.

Formosa (Taiwan), the Pesca- dores islands and some others (principally Quemoy and the Ma- tsus: The Tachen and Nauch-i is- lands were evacuated by the Na- tionalists in February 1955) have remained under the control of the Nationalists ever since Gen- eral Chianvg Kai-shek moved his government and army to Form- osa in 1949, when the Commun- ists succeeded in gaining control of the whole mainland of China. POLITICAL FACTORS

After the outbreak cf the Kor- ean war in June 1950. President Truman ordered the United Sta- tes Seventh Fleet to prevent any attack on Formosa, at the same time calling on the Nationalists to cease operations against the main land. In February 1953, Presi- dent Eisenhower announced that the Seventh Fleet would no long- er be used to “shield Communist China” and this was followed by some intensification of minor raids against the mainland, but no large-scale actions developed. The President made it clear that his announcement “implies no ag— gressive intent on our part".

Soon after the Geneva settle- ment on lndo-China in June 1954 there were reports of a military build-up on the mainland oppos- ite the Nationalistmeld islands, and these were followed by ar- tillery and air attacks on the is- lands and a general intensifica- tion of Communist military and propaganda activity.

The United States Government, which continues to recognize the Nationalist authorities as the le- gitimate government of China. concluded with them a mutual se- curity treaty in December 1954. The position regarding the off- shore islands was unaffected by lslllS treaty. In January 1955, the President was authorized by Con- gressional resolution “to employ the armed forces of the United States as he deems necessary for the specific purpose of securing and protecting Formosa and the Pescadores from armed attack. this authority to include the se- curing and protection of such re- lated positions and territories of that area now in friendly hands. LEGAL FACTORS

The factors affecting the legal status of Formosa and the Pes- cadores are complex. They be

came part of the Chinese Em- pire in 1683 and were ceded to Japan by the Treaty of Shimon- oseki in 1895. During the second World War, the Allies declared their intention that they should be restored to China and in 1945 the administration was taken ov- er by tihe Chinese forces of Chiang Kai-shek; but de jute, Formosa remained Japanese territory pen- ding the eonclusion of some for- mal international instrument.

In a peace treaty signed in September 1951 by Japan and most of the Powers ( not including China) which had been at war with her, Japan renounced all title to Formosa and the Pasca- dores and a similar provision was included in a peace treaty with the Chinese Nationalist adminis tration signed in Arpm'i 1952. But none of this legally operated as a transfer of sovereignty to either Chinese regime, and in the Uni: ted Kingdom view, therefore, Formosa and the Pescadoms are territory the de jure sovereign- ty over which is uncertain or un- determined.

The offshore islands on the oth- er hand, are generally agreed to be part of China, and by those countries, such as the United Kingdom, which have recognized the Chinese Communist regime, legally part of the Chinese Peo- ple's Republic. But, as Sir An- thony Eden pointed out on Feb- ruary 4, 1955, “an-y attempt by the Government of the People’s Republic of China, however, to assert its authority over these is- lands by force, would in the cir- “cumstances at present peculiar to the case, give rise to a situa- tion endangering peace and se— curity, which is properly a mat- ter of international concern”.

MAXIMS

The man who has accomplish- ed all that he thinks worth while, has begun to die.

MONTREAL ( OP l—Ohancellor R. E. Pow-ell of McGill Univer- sity Monday placed the corner- stone of a new $3,000,000 engi- neering building, one of five ex- pansion projects planned for the university in the next three years. The ceremony was part of the annual McGill Founders’ Day which included the mounting of a Canadian Grenaditers Guard of honor at the tomb of the Uni vei‘sity’s founder James McGill.

OPEN SPACES Australia’s Northern Territory

covering 523,000 square miles has a population of about 18,000.

Removal OF Gall Bladder

By Herman N. Bundescn, M. D. MILD attacks of g :11 l SHIT-C colic generally can be treated by simple methods, while severe attacks require the aid of a doc- tor and special drugs. .

Application of heat to the site of the pain often is enough to re- lieve minor attacks Pain-killing drugs usually are necessary for the more severe cases. REMOVAL ADVISED

Generally, a gall bladder that has caused several attacks of gallstone colic should be rem0v- ed. since it is very likely to cause more in the future

If fupther'a-ttacks do occur. in- fection is likely to result. This could mean a rupture of the gall bladder. And peritonitis is al- ways a possibility in cases of rupture.

FEVER AND NAUSEA-

Acute gall bladder infection us- ually brings on fever, nausea and vomiting. The upper right part of the abdominal cavity will be painful and tender.

Doctors usually prohibit such patients from eating anything. Use of antibiotics sometimes brings the infection under control.

Sometimes the gall bladder is filled with pus. This means that. to prevent a possible rUpture. the gall bladder will have to be re- moved sooner or later. If the in- fection does not subside within three days an operation usually is imperative. Sucn an Operation removes not only the gall blad- der itself, but any offending; ston- es as we'll.

Occasionally. however, a doc for will feel that an operation is not advisable at that particular time. This means that the pa- tient will have to maintain a ra- ther strict diet. All spicy foods and fat and greasy foods are pro- hibited. So is alcohol.