'-e-up-.-.-

G,U AR 1) I A N

' cvaiy .--nun. -mnu n no Pm-ca Itrccl. UIII human. P 1:. I.. by nnurua company Llama. '0avan Pu-Inca Iluarl Inland Lia in Don" Edltnry Frank Waibar 0-.-nenl Manner. Ian A. lurlolt lunch ilficci ll Summrnma. Montana and Albcrlon. Autnm bed u no Clua Hall by the Pool oflieo Dcpcnuucnt. Ottawa. 8: Carrier: Charlottetown. Bummer-alda lIb.oI on annum am when In P. c I non. other Frovlncaa and U S A. nun ' t nr annum. t -

. r,,g.'

U" "The .51:-ongcnl memory In walker than the wealrcat ."

3., 1 ' . FRIDAY. JAN. 1. 1955

. A Fine Record

' The splendid record achieved in Island hog quality production last year is review- ed in today's Guardian by Mr. Harold Clay, of the Feclcral Department of Agriculture, whose efforts over a long period of years have had much to do with this success. Present firtures indicate that the 1954 per- centage of grade "A" hogs will be over 55, as against 37 fifteen years ago. During the same period, the overall Canadian per- centage hrs dropped from 31 to 28. We are not oily in the lead; we are so far ahead that we have no serious competition.

As Mr. Clay points out, our present high standard has been brought about by a definite ?'lt'l planned breeding policy. This has resultrd in fixing the type of our hogs to such .1-degree that all North America now reco':'iizes their superiority. Many island producers market close to 100 per cent Gracie "A" hogs and many more could do so with a little more attention to feed- ing and re:-igliing.

Mr. C:xy.recalls seasons when the hog 'outlook .'tpneared dim: but the farmer who stayed in the game was the one who pro- fited in the end. It is he who plans and raises a steady annual production, and if ''he pays attention to raising mid-winter and mid-summer litters he will have a greater volume to ship when the prices aref high. The overall picture for this year indicates 'a more or less steady market, with sonic-what lower levels than during i954 but, in Mr. Clay's experienced view, ”nothin': in the outlook to scare any ef- ficient producer."

-The swine industry was worth approx-

imately 56,000,000 to our Island farmers in .

1954. This places it among -Cour most profitable branches of farming, and among the most dependable as well.

Full Employment

g In his New Year's message Mr. A. R. Mosher, President of the Canadian Con- 1 gress of Labor, noted that "there can be no excuse in Canada for unemployment of fseriour. proportions." At the same time 2 Mr. Claude Jodoin, President of the Trades and Labor Congress, had this to say: "Let us all agree once and for all that full em- ' ployment is possible, and that, with full and iwillinz co-operation between management and ourselves, this goal can be attained." Allowing for a certain amount of over- optimism, as befits the season, the state- ment. are well worth quoting. It is a fact ' that some seasonal unemployment has come I to be regarded, almost generally, as a fash- ional-le adjunct of a country's economy; it is sometimes referred to as a ftrealistic" view. Perhaps it is; but certainly full and consant employment is the only goal worth striving for, and we shall never come close . to i: as long as we allow ourselves to be

per:"iaded that it is far out of reach. It is

- better to err on the side of confidence ' than on the side of defeatism.

I it is clear that the "willing co-opera-

tion" between management and labor,

, which Mr. Jodoin mentioned, needs mend-

ing in a number of weak places. There

are two sides to almost every dispute; and usrnlly neither party can expect to come out of prolonged negotiations without hav- ing made some concession to the other party's point of view. Very few strikes "e ended in a clear-cut and decisive vic-

y for one disputant or the other. That

ng so-and it has now virtually reached

"'2 status of an economic law-it would m the part of prudence to stretch the llling cooperation as for as it will go be- -re'1arge-scale unemployment, with its

- 'any economic dislocations, has had in

Nance to get out of hand. "If eventually,

- hy not now?" may well be the slogan of . lfith management and labor in their co- T operative attempts to maintain a stroll! int riustrial economy. t

,.......

German Rearmament

It is likely to be some months before final ratification of'the pact for German rlirmnment becomes effective. The pro- cons of recrming Germany would then of- -- ly start, and thcwestcrn some would , the process of building upon army

... man, organized in mm divis- or: Mr foro,c,.of,u.000 mcn..a navy

i.

to be approved by the German legislature. When the laws are passed the "hard core" or long-term volunteer structure of the new German armed forces will be established. ' The draft probably will not start until about thirteen months after the professional cadre of the army has been formed, and according to Mr. Baldwinls calculation it will require at least a year of training be- fore the whole can be termed coherent armed forces. The spring of 1957, or some- time in 1958, will probably be the earliest date by which West German armed forces approximately 500,000 strong can be com- bat ready, though some of this time can be telescoped if emergency dictates. This strong new force in the heart of Europe will be under the operational com- mand of General Gruenther, the Supreme Allied Commander, Europe, under a system of subordinate commanders not yet estab- lished.i But it will also be under the ad- iministrative and political control of the West German Government through the Commissioner of Defense. A There are many ifs, ands and buts to this picture, Mr. Baldwin concedes. The twelve German divisions do not entirely compen- sate for a divided and anxious France, torn in her loyalty to NATO and more fearful ,of Germany than of Russia. There are, ;moreover, major problems within Germany iwhich may militate against the effective- iness which the rearmament figures sug- gest. A longer-term but even greater iproblem is how much NATO, once Germany iis rearmed, can count upon Germany securely on the side of the West. The pro-. ;ject. as all who have discussed it, including the French Assembly, have realized, will be a frank gamble, but one that had to be taken. It will mean increasing NATO's present forty-six active divisions to fifty- eight. Reserve strength will rise to a now undetermined number, perhaps anotheri sixty. Available operational aircraft willi go up from 6,200 in 1954 to close to 10,0001 by 1958. Even-if French military weakness, continues, these figures mean, that NATO would be far from a "pushover" in any; war of tomorrow, even if atomic weapons were not used.

EDITORIAL NOTES

Week of Prayer. 0

During the past year the life insurance companies of Canada invested in Canadian housing approximately M10 millions, an increase of "more than 360 millions, or roughly 18 per cent, over the previous year. This is brought to public attention in the year-end statement of A. Bruce Matthews, president of the Canadian Life Insurance Officers Association.

0

"Eat more cod, as a slimming diet", is one of the points which is to be made in the E100,000 campaign to be launched this year by the British Trawlers' Federation to attract the average housewife. Every year, it is complained, millions of stones of deep-sea cod have been left unsold in the great fishirig ports of the country, "and the reason was because it was so cheap that housewives thought there must be some- thing the matter with it."

Francois Fenelon de Salignac de la Mothe, French archbishop and writer, died this date 1715. The varied character of Fenelon's works is a proof of the original- ity and flexibility of his mind. He wrote theological and controversial, educational and moral works, works on politics and a romance based on Greek mythology and antiquities. His own life was extremely active and found him frequently attacking king and subject alike. , .

' O O 0

Lawyers in Philadelphia have rejected a proposal that all legal practitioners in the State be compelled to join the'Bar As- sociation. In speaking against the proposal a Mr. Philip Price said that "an all-inclusive bar would reduce the legal profession to the level of a labour union." It is clear that, although Mr. Price may be a smart Phila- delphia lawyer in every sense of that time- honoured appellation, he has not learned how to make friends with and influence labour leaders. It must be that he has no political ambitions.

o a

The number of destitute and deseiited wives and children in Canada increased during the autumn of last year, the Cana- dian Welfafe Council reports In the year- end issue of its magazine Canadian Welfare. The expense of supporting these families is one of the most important factors in the growing cost'of public assistance. "The present approach to desertlon is too often

him pay'," the council reports. "Even whiin he can be found, experience shows that it is , difficult to fclfccu man to Jul?

port nu: ” yi'ohc6.ilre'bia,declded toda- urt." In public welfare division ihtmmcilxil ghrthyrq study of more if ..

Diuciuloqa

Tend the family, find the man and make mu

wdlarii 169- .

National Geographic News Bulletin

In the endless quest to broaden knowledge of the earth, sea and sky. explorers made far-reaching discoveries and attained new rec- ords in I954. 4

indications that Mars is a liv- ing planet with simple vegetation marked the end of a six-month astronomical expedition sporuored by the National Geographic Soc- iety. and Lowell Observatory of Flagstaff. Arizona. On Palomar Mountain. California. astronomers completed their best season's work on the monumental Sky Survey sponsored by the Society and the California Institute of Technology. it was disclosed that the first sec- tion of the Survcy's atlas of the universe, now six years in the making. will be published in 1956. Observers discovered a new minor planet on December 5. This was the latest addition to the Sui-vey's mounting list of new asteroids, c :1 me is, nebulosiiic: and star clusters.

As the 48-inch "Big Schmidt" phototelcscope and 200-inch I-Iaie telescope unfolded secrets of the universe, mun probed dccper into the sea. ,

On February 15. two"French naval officers made a record des- cent of 13.287 feet in a bathyscaphe off the coast of Dakar, French West Africa. They beat by 2,948 feet the previous record set by Swiss Professor Auguste Piccard

in 1953. a

O

In September. two French cave explorers descended 2.485 feet in the Berger Cave near Grenoble, France. setting a new world's rec- ord for exploration in a natural underground cavern.

Spurred by the 1953 conquest of Mount Everest. at 29.028 feet the world's tallest summit, climbers from 11 countries challenged other peaks in the Himalayas.

A team of Italian mountaineers battled to the top of 28,250,-foot Godwin Austen (K2). lecond high- est mountain, on July 31. A British group reconnoitercd K ”enjunga (28,166 feet), the world's third tal- lest peak and the loftticst. unsealed mountain. '

An Austrian expedition conquer- ed Cho Oyu (26,807 feet). seventh highest peak. A Frenchwoman who tried Cha Oyu with a Swiss tum reportedly reached 25,490 feet, a record for a woman climber.

On the Arctic. two United States Icebreaker: made a historic jour- ney in August. '11-icy pierccdp for the first time. the formidable M'Clure Strait that connects the Arctic Ocean with Viscount Mel- ville Sound. M'Clure Strait is I western entrance of. the famous Northwest Passage that has been navigated through other routcl.'

O C I 0

Russian scientist: reported find- ing 1 van underwater divide be- tween the New Siberian Illdnds and Greenland. The scientists said their research program, start. cd in 1040, had established there never was I north polar land mau.

Member. of a United States- Cnnadian Iurvey expedition found gnu used food and equipment left

chind more than 45 years no by Rear Admiral Robert E. Peary. who discovered the North Pole.

Another expedition led by . Jesuit print of Boston College re- ported that it localized the North Magnetic Fold in I trlangla on an northwest and of Prince of Wain Inland. no Magnetic Polo has shifted about in miles want and slightly bomb of tho position at-

tabllahadilli 1040. A. Brltlltli zuxdpediutiion Kmglelod I WOW! I I nor rooft- land. not axploren nld Ieinnile soundlnlrutahlinhed that in in north ompluzd extends at piano: to a depar of 10.!!!) feat. Iltb the ice clpi it becoming nmalhr. norm of flu lut-gut Ocula- fougdnof .t.ba nucleon: La. known so people i Canadian Arctic waro, . ' on the I -'"'.....u'... s e lwll mum daompnio

insula. Still unanswered. however. is the niys.ci'y of mint happened to the Dorset people who lived more than 1,000 years ago. No nu- man bones came to'light.

At the bottom of the world, the Antarctic lurcd new exploration parties. ..

On December 1. the U.S.S. Alia left Boston for a five-month re- connaissancc trip to prcparefor a major United States expedition in 1957. The crew of the lcebreak-er will investigate Little America. near the outer edge of the Ross Shclf Ice on the Bay.of Whales. The first Little America settle- ment was established in 1929 by Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd. who led the Navy's big expedition to the Antarctic in 1946-47.

On Mac-Robertson Coast. about 1500 miles from the South Pole. Australia set up what is intended to be its first permanent station on the Antarctic-continent. The British sent out a two-ycar ex- pedition to mountainous Palmer Peninsula. Beneath the sea. I954 explorers made new discoveries :- bout ocean floors.'

Captain Jacques-Yves Cousteau, French marine explorer and lead- er of the National Geographic So- ciety-Calypsn Marine Archcological Expedition, c h a r t e d undersea ridges in the Indian Ocean off the east coast of Africa. At the same time. Cousteau's skin divers work- ed off the French Mediterranean Coast near Marseille where the So- ciety und French Government are excavating a Greek cargo ship that sank some 200 years before the Christian era.

Dr. Harold E. Edgerlon. of the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nolozy. recorded and photographed characteristics of the "deep scattering layer"- a mysterious stratum that rises and sinks in the ocean. His descent, made in the French Navy's bathyscaphe in the Toulin canyon of the western Mediterranean. was a project of the Calypso expeditions.

Observers on a Fish and Wild- life Scrvicc ship reported the dis- covery of a narrow "gulf stream" buried 200 feet or more under the surface of the central Pacific Ocean at the Equator.

Columbia University scientists delved in the Gulf of Mexico. They said their fidihzs indicated the Gulf was always an oceanic body and not a submerged part of the continent. -

An oth e 1- Columbia UniversQ team announced discovery of a new Atlantic canyon, 180 feet deep and 300 to 500 miles long. about 600 miles east of Philadelphia.

The University of Miami Marine Laboratory launched a five-year expedition to study the life cycles of his game fish off the Pacific Coast of South America.

'Among astronomc a, rm impor- tant. event in 1051 was the eclipse of the sun on June 30. The belt in which the total eclipse could be seen stretched from the middle of North America through Scandinavia

ere They Come!

Man's Endless Quests-

I The Age Old .Story I

I love the Lord. because he hath heard my voice and my supplies- tiona . . . I will walk before the Lord in the land of the living.

at Abydos, holy city of, ancient Egypt; a vast red granite temple at Canopus. a pre-Christian Ro- man resort about 15 miles east of- Alexandria; at El Karnuk on the Nile. a 7V:-foot tablet showing in hieroglyphic: the story 01. 3 War for independence in 1600 B.C...a little-known period of EKYDI-13" hi?" tory. I 0

Harvard Universityireported the discovery of one of the largest and-richest campsites of paleolithic man ever unearthed in western Europe. The excavation: Weft made on a farm at Les Eyzie -de- Tayac. I village in aouthwea ern France. i

In July

American scientists said an ancient. skull - possibly the oldest ever discovered in the Western Hemisphere -- was found near Midland, Texas. If authentic- ated, the skull would stand as evidence man inhabited America's Southwest in the Ice xAge 12,000 years ago.

The Indian Government reported that stone implements of a 10,000- year-old culture was found It Durgapur. West..Bengal. in 1 region believed to have had no human habitation in that era.

Excavator: turned up "lost titles" believed to pe thousands of years old in several farflung places: the outskirts of ancient Beershebn in Israel: the outskirts of Pciplng in China: Kandahar in

em Angola in Portuguese lwest Africa.

London became increasingly con- scious of its Roman heritage when a temple was blrcd in the bomb- damaged heart of the city's fin- ancial district. Among the relics was a white marble head of an Eastern deity. -Mithrus. believed to be some 1,300 years old. Archeol- olists also were unearthing what appears to be a complete Roman town between Caerlcon and the

In Chile a mule train driver dis- covered the body 6! I young Inca princess or princd sheathed in ice in an Andes cave. V

The United States Geological Sur- vey said the remains of I mam-

Afghanistan, and the wilds of South-

vuice in Jule under: , gm; e. n c T)roypl':m tflilt; Ao.lImch dither

knofw-how to insure a balance so freely available. It remainl for us to put tboae principles into proc- tlca. It does not mean that our meals need be less tasty. far from It. It means simply that we include the several elements noecuary to insure n balanced diet: For instance. -Dr. Taub has remarked that peo- ple in Canada do not drink enough milk. And over against this. we have the statement by milk pro-

.....

first appeared about 105,000,000 years ago. were found for the first time in the Western Homil- phere near Kayenta. Arizona.

0 C O

Boneslfound in I uranium Itrip mine near Colorado Springs, Col- orado, were identified as the re- main: of a 15.000-000-year-old dino- saur. Near Hanksville, Utah. archeologists started dining out -the excellently preserved skeleton of a dinosaur that probably lived 125.000.0000 years ago.

The remains of I2 persons be- lieved to have been buried 5.000

- years ago were found at Sotirn,

a neolithic settlement on Cyprus. -An expedition sponsored by the American Geographical Society concluded a two-year survey of the Inca road system in Peru. Beneath drifting sand: in Iraq were found vestiges of a Mesopotamian ir- rigation canal.

Scientists for the first time rec- orded : complete range of the cor t and mythical beliefs of aborigines of Melville Island, off northern Australia. An ethno-

islancl was sponsored by the Na- tional Geographic Society. .

An Australlin scientist visited a "lost valley" in New Guinea wilds. finding thousands of Stone Age natives who indicated they had never seen a white man.

The American Museum of Na- tural History sponsored two fam- ily expeditions in Africa. On: team found in the Kaoko Vcld area of South-West Africa three men and an old woman who clIim- ed to be -the only survivor: of a lost nomadic tribe of Itrandloop- era. The other team found that the Taureu. nomadic nemues of the French Foreign Legion, are be- coming. less numerous and more sedentary.

In the Fiji Islands, the Smithson-

collected 21,000 plant specimens, lu- cluding some not previously known to science. An American Museum of Natural History expedition re- turned from New Guinea wit.h-ll8.- 000 zoological and botanical speci- menu.

logical and geological study of the .

inn Institution's National "uleum -

arandatilltab - torhtall

E

hand. with weather! this

to Iuuulllna timely than-

montlu. , crinea Standard.

one ofltbc' f'aal mum of the official mind ll its ingrained hatred of everything colorful and picturesque. The - comes from Australia. when who authorltlu are busy renaming tho aborigines in the Northern Terri- tory. Hitherto than natives hava been known by nicknames ouch In Big Foot.,Jack. Dingo. Mitch or murdering George. The government . oomiden these titles "undlsnlfied"'

u arrival of wintry warning in regard , is probably lil0f'O4 during tba aummer

and propose: toircplace them with ,

Christian and surname: more like those of white people. This will be quit.e,a comcdown. eopeclaliy for Murdering (learn. with a name like that he must have been auto- matically I. man of consequence in his neighborhood. No prudent per- son. we imagine, ever contradicted him in an arzumentauor got ahead of Ihlm in I llneup.,or did any- thing that might concelyably pro- voke him. -Edmonton Journal.