By Mov elsewnere in P.£.1 ¢9.00 per annum. Othe) Previnees and United States $12.09 per annum

PAGE 4 THURSDAY, SEPT. 24, 1959

Speaking Of Subsidies The Toronto Globe and Mail takes exception to two suggestions contain- ‘ed in a report issued by the Atlantic Provinces Economic. Council. There- is, it says, no doubt that the Atlantic Provinces lag behind the rest of Can- ada in economic growth and pros- perity—no doubt that they need as- istance if the living standard of their _ >people is to be brought closet to the - ~Canadian avera but such assis- tance “should not take the form of additional freight subsidies or special tax concessions which would also, in effect, be a subsidy ... Further_sub- sidization is throwing mone¥ into a bottomless pit. What real benefits has the region to show from the rail- way freight subsidies it has been getting for decades?”

No-one contends that subsidies are anything but panaceas in treating economic ills. But our Toronto con- temporary seems to forget that there are many forms of subsidization, and

that.the big Central Provinces wouldn’t be anything like as wealthy and as powerful as are today if they didn’t enjoy a major share of them. ~ One has only to study the Gordon Commission report to realize the posi- tion in which the whole Maritime area has been placed as a result of “national” tariff policies inimical to

| our interests. What are these but sub-

sidies? Had we not to pay them in higher prices for the things we buy we should not now be seeking - a fairer distribution of national re- venue. We would have the revenue and the expanding population, and the representation in Parliament that would safeguard our interests and insure our sufficiency of power and transport facilities.

* — As for freight subsidies, who now enjoys the cozy exemption from horizontal rate increases which have boosted shipping costs in this area, and in Western Canada as well, to the point where the Federal Govern- -ment has had to step in and appoint a Royal Commission to investigate the matter, calling a moratorium meanwhile on such unfair means of raising railway revenue? Ontario and Quebec are the only provinces that haven’t protested these impositions, which have more than offset the benefits of the Maritime Freight Rates Act and threaten to ruin our shippers altogether.

The Globe and Mail has been out- spoken in defense of Maritime claims on several occasions, and we have po wish to quarrel with it here. Rather, we think that its lecture to APEC on subsidization was due to a tempor- ary lapse of memory, and confusion as to what the term really means. Such lapses are understandable up there in Ontario. Being on the receiv- ing end of its disadvantages in this area, we naturally are compelled to give it more serious thought.

China And The U.N.

Premier Khrushchev’s plea for world disarmament included the pro- viso that Communist China be re- cognized by the United Nations. That « is something which, we think, is in- evitab:e in any case, and about which, until recently, favorable opinion was slowly but steadily forming. In 1950, 16 nations, including the entire Com-

_munist bloc, voted for seating Red China, The number built up until last year 28 nations favored recogni- tion. It takes a two-third affirmative vote, however, to admit a new mem- ber, and against the 28 favorable votes there were 44 in opposition, and nine abstentions.

Since that vote, Communist China ~

has sponsored a violent overthrow of the established system in Tibet, The Dalai Lama, jwho fled for safety to India, has,asked the U.N. for help. The Peking government is believed to be back of the current Communist aggression in Laos, which is under _ U.N. investigation at request of the ’ Laos government. Finally, Red China stands accused by. India of precipitat- ing border incidents and trespassing on Indian territory. : So it is not surprising that the question of recognition of Red China has been given the-cold shoulder at this session of the U.N. Assembly. There have been indications from New Delhi that even the Indians, for

enthusiasm for its right has waned, he remains consistent in pressing it on logical grounds. }

Nehru’s attitude does him credit, in spite of all the moral arguments against China’s admission that have been advanced. The Peking govern- ment is the only authority that can speak for the mainland Chinese, and the only authority that can make decisions on behalf of these hundreds of millions of people. If the world, through the United Nations, is to have any. influence for good over the actions of this nation that embraces more than one-quarter of the human race, it must be through recognition of this fact.

It would be different if there was any sign of a successful counter-rev- olution in the forseeable future. But even the United States does not make

f this contention. Nationalist China re-

_Mains a separate country, existing chiefly on the‘island of Formosa. Canada has, in effect, admitted as much by dealing with the. Peking government on trade questions.

All the arguments that are used against Red China on moral grounds were, it will be recalled, once used against Red Russia. There is no rea- son to doubt the validity of the charges in either case; but there;is grave doubt as to the wisdom of making fish of one and flesh of fhe other. In doing so the United Nations has put a road-block in the way of peaceful settlement.of world disputes, and given excuse for those very acts of aggression which it cites as reason: for keeping China outside the pale of world opinion, as embodied in its organization.

* “Supermac. In Orbit

An amusing factor that is con- tributing to Conservative success in the current British general elec- tion is a Labor Party campaign that backfired. It. started- as an attempt to ridicule Prime Minister Harold Macmillan, whose physical appear- ance is anything but impressive. So Mr. Aneurin Bevan got the bright idea of dubbing him, ironically, “Mr. MacWonder.” Then Vicky, a staunchly pro-Labor cartoonist of

ing Mr. Macmillan’s hea? updnethe mighty torso of Superman and call- ing him “Supermac.” It was all very funny—until the electors start- ed taking it seriously.

With the help of a skillful Con- servative publicity organization, Mr. Macmillan is beirig ,put~ hefore. the voters on just these terms. He is being played up as a creature above the ordinary political herd; wise, tolerant, decisive, resolute, but plain as an old shoe all the same. The attempt wouldn’t have met with as much success as it has, of course, had not the Prime Minister contributed himself a good deal. For he does possess a good measure of these qualities,. though heretofore no one had thought of cdpitalizing on them. 4

‘The Labor party’s problem is how to overcome the impression of “Supermac” and substitute some- thing of the kind for Hugh Gait- skell and his associates as an alter-

to be hard sledding. They just were too smart for their own good. Half the fun the English are getting out of this phase of the campaign, no doubt, is in their realization of this fact. It wasn’t quite cricket to:make fun of Old Mac in that fashion, and now the punsters are going to sweat for it. Just another illuminating ex- ‘ample, of democracy at work!

EDITORAL NOTES -

Good Laborities in England have tne habit of landing up in the House of Lords. Now it is Mr. Herbert Morrison, once British Foreign Sec- retary, who has been elevated to the peerage.’ Known affectionately as “Good ol’ Herbie,” he follows his old political leader, Lord Attlee,

who was made a viscount in 1955. * 7 «

It will be cheering to the Pro- vincial Government to learn that the $35,000 million gross national ’ product which Ottawa _ budgeted for this year will be achieved and possibly exceeded. This assur- ance has been given by James Ro- berts, associate deputy Trade Com- missioner, in addressing a business organization. Our payments under. the tax sharing agreement are gear- ed to gross national product, and the higher it goes the more we get. By all reports, we shall need every cent’

in the way of federal windfalls.

a

.

the Evening Standard, began draw-~

native government. But it’s going. | d | an assured peace before the U.S.

es

Cae oe =

“ARRIVING IN A RICKSHA

OTTAWA REPORT

Conservative In Every Way

By Patrick Nicholson

Evervthing’s up to date in By- town City!

Two sights in cur Capita! last week illustrated that there 1x no

way of life in what ts a

no longer roistering lumber-triwn

4

t

‘now 50. Last 4th July, the Presi-

te

Unstamped mail was being sent out of Goverament House. as re- cently as the dav befere Gen- eral Vanier was installed. as our new Governor-General, under the

frark JF. Delaute. Secretary to the Governor-General | Admin- istrative’ Mr

lonct:m-, ich at Gevernm-rt House

| Seven rows of seven. As from 4th | July next year, the elevation of He-wnii

oc; tae © ars spangling the ben- | ner will then be arranged in nine s‘cggered rows- each containing sx cr five stars alternately. Mean- while, the U.S. Embassy here is nearly three months tate in re- | flecting it's boss's decree.

FAREWELL TO G-G

Conservative Prime Minister

| farewell banquet to former Lib-

at the end of 195%. and has-long | eral Cebinet Minister Charles Vin- since taken_up his more vivid | cent Massey lest week, on the

new post as Town Manager. or

Mayor,.of ‘‘The Hub of our Eas- | from Governm

tern Arctic’. Baffin Island. .

Fluttering outside the U.S.A. Embassy, facing Parliament. Hill the star-spanzied.. banner pro-

Frobisher Bay, on

in the Union. Of course, there are

dent decreed, a new flag became

f |; beral ex-Prime official, showing the ad?ition of | Alaska as a state, the 49 repres- |

;eve of Mr. Massey's devarture ent House. Conser- vative politicians, representative of a'l three levels of Canada’s | governments, rallied to make it a |} memorable party for the time-

| expired Governor-General. Absent claimed that there -dre 48 states |

were fellow Liberals. Among those eligible as guests who did mot 2:tend were the only living Li-

St. Laurent, who nominated Mr. | Massey for the job; the oniy Li-

entative stars being arranged in| beral provincial premier, Joseph

ati to statehood will be re- | cognized by the addition of a 59th | working very hard at medicine unnecessary hust'e in the dreamy , st . : sol-

Minister, Louis |

R. Smallwood; and the leader of the Liberal Party, Hon. Lester Bowles Pearson.

WHAT MAKES MONEY TIGHT?

Dr. W.H. McMillan, the double- threat politician-surgeon of Wel- ‘land, Ontario, tells me ‘“‘We have a new clinic and I am very inter- ested in seeing it get properly «an- der way. As to my self, I am

| and have a'm™®t forgotten pol- ities’. But he shows his contimr ‘uing awareness of our vublic af- | fairs, even when immersed in his new clinic during the Parliamen- tary recess, by criticising Fin ance Minister Fleming's argu - ment that the $290 million ber- rowed by. industry this year is responsible. for pushing up in-

Delaute left his | John Diefenbeker was host at a terest ra‘es. “THise# says the Li-

| beral finance critic, ‘is just pea- i nuts beside the $2.2 billion which | Mr. Fleming reauires- or is re- i finencing this vear.” ~ | FAMOUS GASPE TOURIST Prime Minister Joon Diefen- | baker, accompanied by Mrs Die- fenbaker and by his private sec- retary, Vancouver lawyer Gowan | Guest, is touring Que>ec Prov- imce .by car and train this week. Starting\in the Laurentians, then | passing through the Eastern Town ships ani Lev's, he plans to make | the much-vraised touristic circuit of the real “‘O'd Qvebec” com- munities round the Gaspe.

By Harold

that seating of Communist China in the United Nations would be a tremendous Red victory and a

\ destructive blow to United States _ defence strategy in the Far East.

That strategy is based partly on the maintenance of a strong. deterrent fcrce on Formosa, -an

island of some 12,000,000 National- |

ists, many of whom dream of re- taking the mainland one day. UN membership for the Reds would weaken a! this force and, in the view of some U.S. officials, might even sway some of the Nationalists to

join the Communists, reducing

| the effectiveness of the Formo- |

‘LOSES SUPPORT Even little Laos, which sat on

san bastion.

It would appear on this hasis alone that the world will have to make tremendous strides toward

would change its China policy—a policy backed in the UN Tues- day when the General Assembly shelved for another: year the question of seating the Reds.

OPEN FORUM? ...

But there are other factors the free countries also must consider. Some countries are split on how the UN should function. Some, like India, believe the UN should be an open forum for all coun- tries. Others, like the U.S., be lieve, a country should not be ad-

ie Shelved For Another Year

Morrison

Canadian Press Staff Writer

The Russians are well aware |

responsibility, of being -able to be- have itself.

The U.S. argument against Red China’s admittance might have been weakened if, in fact, the Reds had shown serious in‘en- tions of living at peace with their neighbors. But this has not been the case.

Though Premier has delivered a strong bid to the |UN for China’s membership and

j his deputy foreign minister, Vas- and demoralize

lily V. Kuqeetsov, has portrayed Red China‘ as peace-loving, re- perts of mass slaughter in Tibet, skirmishes op 'the India - China ‘border and uprisings in Laos tell a different story.

ithe sidelines only last year has come out strongly against the Communists, accusing them of | masterminding the Laotian upris- ing.

In 1955, at the Bandung Asian- African conference, the Chinese appeared to have embarked on a rew policy of sweetness and light, |a sharp reversal of their actions jin the Korean War. In recent ‘years that soft policy has re- verted to a tough one.

As a result, when Khrushchev goes to Peking next week to help the Reds celebrate their 10th an- niversary he will be going with empty hands as far as the UN is

mitted unless it shows signs of |

concerned.

Research In The Antarctic

National Geographic Society

Spring is coming to the world’s coldest laboratory — Antarctica. The sun’s return quickens scien- tifie activity. S

Though the International Geo- physical Year has passed, ex- ploration of the bleak, frigid con- tinent. goes on. The United Sta- tes Navy operates four stations on a year-round basis, and during the 1959-60 season will mount its fifth consecutive Operation Deep Freeze in support of American tesearch. The National Science Foundation, which administers the U.S. Antarctic Research Pro- gram, will emphasize geology, cartography, and biology during the coming summer.

Pending projects include a stu- dy of the Adelie Penguin. one of two species that inhabit the edge of-the continent, and an expedi- tion into the little-known waters of the Bellingshausen and Amund- sen Seas,

NO PLACE MORE HOSTILE

Little by little, adventurous scicntists and technicians are un-

nearly twice the size of the Unl- ted States the National geogra- phie Society says. Only penguins, geals, sea birds, small lichens, mosses, and algae live there by choice. No other region on earth is colder or more hostile to man.

At the Soviet Union's Vostok IGY station, scientists have re- corded the planet's lowest temper- ature—minus 125.3 degrees. An- tarctica stores most of the worlds ice; at some places it is 14,000 feet thick.

In winter the entire continent feels the lash of wind. The world’s breeziest spot is Common- wealth Bay, where cold air from the ice plateau strikeg with a screaming, tearing force of 200 miles an hour. ,

The Antarctic is, not without surprises and paradoxes. Little snow seems to fall now except in warmer areas on the coasts. | During the winter that Antarctic veteran Paul. A. Siple and 17 oth- er Americans manned an IY station at the South Pole, they

locking the secrets of a vast land y

measured only six inches of new

Khrushchev: |

fall. In midsummer the Pole re- ceives more sunlight than any

|Mental Illness

3

.

Blue Moods And

i

IN OLDER PERSONS ' Although cases of depression do occur in childhocd and fre- quently develco during adoles- cence, they usually begin after the age of 30. The vast majority of cases occur between the ages of 40 and 60.

For some unknown reason, wo- men are more susceptible to de- pression than are men. About 70 per cent of all victims are wo men. ‘

While it sometimes takes an

e to recoghize a case of de- pression, the followin symp- ‘toms usually provi clues

to the real trouble.

Usually, there is lass of weight ard.loss of appetite. There may ibe constipation and diminished sex drive.

The victim probably will feel tred and lethargic and will lose interest in’ daily activities; he probably will have a feeling of futility, inadequacy and hopeless- ness.

DISTURBED SLEEP

In mest cases sleep will be disturbed, especially the early morning hours. Thhinking will be difficult and the mental processes

ae a eS ee ae

NOTES BY

THE WAY '

The beauty about education is st it enables

5

i

meal,

MAXIMS

There are two ways of dificulties:

meeting

press conference in Washington was his statement about the Arc- tic. He was asked if the Soviet Union would be willing to share information with Canada and the United States which Russian | scicntists have obtained in their extensive operations above the Arctic Circle. He answered:

‘I think we would, yes. We are in favor of international co-oper- ation in that field. In general, we are against all kinds of .mono- polies.

There was a gentle twitting of Canada in this reply, undoubtedly intentional. Russia indeed has a near-monoply on Arctic research, and it is possible to forgive Mr. Khrushchev for bragging about it. This country is at kast 25 years behind the Soviet in the Arctic, according to one estimate, and the geo is getting wider. ALMOST IGNORED

ignored the development possi- bilities of our Arctic. The in- creased activity of the past two years has been hampered by a lack of scientists and trained

will. be slowed. Ped Making decisions will ‘be diffi-

cult. Even choosing between two |brands of soap may become la shattering problem. :

If the depression is severe, the | patient will be tense all the time. | Unwarraz ed feelincs of guilt are real danger signs. QUESTION AND ANSWER

Mrs. W. R. B.: My little boy, three, is not toilet trained. Due ito living with relatives, I have not been able to take him to the bathroom on schedule.

Can yoou give me any sugges- tion?

Answer: Bathroom training of }a child requires patience and perseverance. | You mr'st, arrange a regular ‘schedule for’ the child and stick to it. Awaken him at night if necessary.

Praise him when he responds

olace on earth. About 95 ptfeent “properly but do not punish him

|is reflected, however, so the bot- tom of the worid remains ex- ceevingly icy.

This was not always the case. | Some 300 miles from the Pcie, an |exploratory party has found pe itrified trees, leaf fossils, sea - i shells, and coal beds—sure signs | that Antarctica was once a lush, | green contigent.

An active volcano, 13.200-foot Mount Erebus, overlooks the wa- | tors of MeMurdo-Sound where the Navy maintains an important air ifacility, '\In a section of Marie Byrd Land, the ice sheet is strewn

with volcanic rocks, but there are no other signs of recent volcanic | activity.

DEPRESSED BY SNOW

Though the tremendous burden | of ice and snow has depressed the ,continent, the average elevation is more than a mile above sea /level—the highest in the world. The South Pole station rests upon 3,300 feet of snow and 900 of solid rock.

Much of Antarctica is a feat- ureless waste of snow and_ ice, fissured and splitting into glacial tongues at the edges. Some gla- cial tongues were formed thou- sands of years ago, but they are held to the parent glacier by hingelike ice formatiogs that erack and freeze over and over again. ;

An ice prison several hundred miles wide forms about the con- tinent in winter. When summer feturns the ice’ breaks up, leav- ing areas of open water on An- tarctica’s edge.

At present the Antarctic re mains a man’s world. Several women have visited the frozen cdatinent, but none has ever set foo the South Pole.

V The Age Old Story

For T reckon that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory which shall be revealed in us.

SUPPORT PROPOSAL PEKING (‘Reuters)\—The Chi- nese Communist Press Monday published for the first time the full text of the Soviet disarma- ment proposal, submitted to the +United Nations by Premier Khrushchev ast’ Friday, and

pledged full support for it.

GOLD, DOLLAR. HOLDINGS

OTTAWA (‘(CP)—Official Cana- dian he'dings of goid and United States dollars totalled $1.995.390.- C00 at Aug. 31, the Bank of Can- ada: reported Monday. That ecm- pared with $1,917,300,000 a midnth earlier and with $1,922,700,000 a year earlier, .

for failures. Encourage him and ig he is a normal child of three, it should not teke long to estab- lish regular habits.

Te a

THIS SUMMER WORLD | This summer world—reveals to me, More clearly than a printed page Or eloquence of oratory, | The marvel of man’s heritage. | Here things diverse as seed ‘and sun, : As opposite as rock and rain, Divinely balanced, fashion ene Vast harmony. The liquid main ' Laps peacefully along the shore; The hills rise up to sing life’s praise. Each rosebud opens like a door And light pours through the pe- taled maze. | And pours through me, I partake | Of all the joy that summer knows In mind .as tranquil as a lake, In heart, receptive as a rose.

—R.H. Grenville in the New York Times.

OUR YESTERDAYS

(From the Guardian Files)

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (Sept. 24, 1934)

Mr. John Moynan, Ottawa, Chief Supervisor of Mlustration Stations for Canada, is at pre- sent on the Island. Yestrday he inspected five stations, St. Peters, Red Point, Montague, Wood Is- lands and Iona. Dr. J.A. Clarke, Superintendent of the Experimen- tal Station, Charlottetown, and Mr R.C. Parent, Supervisor, a¢com- panied Mr. Moynan. ;

‘till

~

; The Montague Potato Slingers wot a two out of three ‘tug-of war pull against Bedeque at Be- |deque Rink last night. Bedeque won the first pull in 20 seconds, but were defeated on the next two pulls by the Montague squad. The two teams will meet again on Thursdy night and this pro- mises to be one of the toughest pulls to date

TEN YEARS AGO (Sept. 24, 1949)

Farewells were spoken last evening to Mr. James E. McCon- nell, Secretary of the Charlotte- town Y.M.C.A. and Mrs. McCon- nell, who are leaving next week for . Truro, which will be their headauarters in Mr. McConell’s new position as Y¥Y.M.C.A. Mari- time Exten-ion Secretary. He will ta succeeded by Mr. Fred Gam-

e. J -

A mass flight by Maritime fly-

|personnel. There has been no |major aerial or ground geologi- | cal surveying, little oceanograph- jie and hydrographic work, a | minimum of. botanical research. | Some progress has been made in developing. new construction ma- terials and building techniques, but there is evidence the Rus- sians are ahead in this field, too. The Soviet Union is spending an estimated 4 per: cent of its Gross National Product on nor- thern develapment (which would be comparable to Canada spend- | ing $1.3 billion a year, amost 20 times the amount actually al- lotted). This program includes

' /ing clubs and private pilots to the Charlottetown Airport is plan- ned for Sunday morning, it was learned yesterday.: Some fifteen planes, with probably more than 20 pilots are expected. They will make an early flight here, and | will be entertained at breakfast by Paul's Flying Service.

%e aes tee *Peee eee

IS LATE.

Hands Across The Arctic?

Globe and Mail, Toronto

Unt] quite recentty, we almost—

9000ccoeereeeeecons, Po

TT enoetnerern teas,

: : ‘ * : .

BETTER MEALS BUILD BETTER FAMILIES

IF YOUR GUARDIAN

new cities, ports, industries, roads, weather stations, atomic ice-breakers and research into ice, currents and plant life. Rus- sia’s population above the 60th Parallel is 5,000,000, compared with 30,000 in Canada.

A KEY OBJECTIVE..

The program will be intensified during Russia’s current Seven- Year Plan, one of the key ob- jectives of which is development of the North. A major goal is to add two or three months to the shipping season on the 5,000-mile route between Murmansk, near Finland to Vladivostock, on the Pacific. To facilitate this, Soviet scientists have made a _ close study of 600 points in the Arctic, made depth soundings at 6,000 locations, and floated 15.000 mil- es on eight ice floes. Canada’s efforts in comparison are pitiful- ly puny. 2

Early in June, Canada sug- gested to Russia that it would , be a good idea if a team of Cana- ; dian experts would visit the So- : viet Arctic to see for themselves what was going on. Ottawa of- fered to permit Soviet ecientists ~ to come into the Canadian Arec- tic in return. An exchange of information was also suggested. NOT ACKNOWLEDGED

So far as can be ascertained, tthe Russians have not acknow- ledged the proposal. It appar- ently did not reach the desk of Premier Khrushchev or it would have becn exvedited, if he really feels as kindly disposed toward Arctic co-operation as he indi- cated in Washington.

Such co-cperation would have | great benefit for Canada. It is leven mere regrettable now, in | view of the Soviet Premier's | statement, that he is not coming..-« {to Ottawa on his current trip, where the matfer could have been pursued. Since he is not, the Canadian Government should | press with ypenewed vigor through normal diplomatic chan- nels its proposal of last June for an exchange of visits and in- formation. If Mr. Khrushchev was bluffing, it will soon become clear.

ae

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