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PAGE 4

U.N. Anniversary

Today marks the 19th anniver- sary of the coming into fr cc of the United Nations Charter. It is being observed as United Nations l)ay and it is to be hoped that the Ibservance. recalling as it does the impressive achievements which the i i

and UK. $20.00 poi British Com

SATURDAY. OCTOBER ' 24. 1964.

u-ganization has to its credit, will live the member nations a new together

determination to work within its framework. At no time has an incentive of this kind been more necessary. for it is being freely predicted that the coming session of the U.N. Assem- bly this fall will he a crucial one—- perhaps the must important. and the m0st precarious, since 1945. v For one thing, the refusal of Eussia and other members to pay their share of L'. N. peace-keeping operations has plunged the organiz- ation $135 million in debt. The Un- ited States is demanding a show- down. anrl E x t e r it al Affairs Minister Martin said last week that Canada has a plan for settling the issue: but he didn’t go into details. Then there is the problem of Red éhina, which hasn’t been eased any liy its achievement in detonating a nuclear bomb. Mr. Martin told the House of Commons that he hoped in “advance” would be made dur- ing the forthcoming session in the matter of China’s admission to the world organization. He modified this statement by adding that “we hope such an advance would be accept- able to the United States.” He was also quoted as saying a solution slhould recognize both the self-de- termination of Formosa and the rights of mainland China. I The trouble stems from a blunder made when the United Nations was formed, and when recognition was given to Nationalist China headed by Chiang Kai-shek. Not only was this nation of no international standing or prestige admitted to the world organization, but it was made a permanent member of the Security Council, along with the world’s four great powers, the Un- ited States, Great Britain, Russia and France. This policy was forced through by the United States, which has since defeated every move for the entrance of Red China. In recent years there has been a growing feeling among Western democracies that the admission of China is vital—that. there is little use talking about world disarma- ment if the most populous country in the world today. and now a member of the nuclear club at that iii—is left out of the picture. But how to remedy the situation, on terms that China will accept and without loss of face at Washington, presents a problem that may prove even harder of solution than finding an acceptable way of meeting the demand for funds.

Behind The Scenes

The trouble with those joint com-

muniques issued after federal-pro- vincial conferences is that they don't give the jucy details of what. goes on behind the closed doors. only the agreed-upon generalities. Hence the spate of rumors that start circulating after every such gather- ing. which the public devours greed- ily for lack of more substantial fare. Hence our reason for quoting this bit of gossip from Charles Lynch’s widely-read column In the Hamil- ton Spectator, anent last week’s con- ference on repatriating the constit- ution: _

One of the great questions dealt with.» this fateful seminar, says nil-.Lynelwitlitonauein assaulted _‘ do With the title of Prints Minis- ‘ ‘ Opposed to Hewlett

l

One might think, when some- 1 body addresses the Prime Minister ‘ at these conclaves. that Mr. Pearson would prick up his ears. But in fact. three sets of cars prick lip—- Mr. Pearson‘s and those of John Robarts of Ontario and Jean Lesage of Quebec.

“Joey Smallwood of Newfound- land." says Mr. Lynch’s authority, “finally blew his cork when. at the end of last week's meeting. it was proposed to issue a statement say- ing that ‘the Prime Ministers and the Premiers’ had taken certain decisions. Did this mean, Mr. Smallwood wanted to know, that there were two classes of provin- cial leaders? Just how many Prime Ministers were there?

“This threw the conference into confusion and it was decided to drop all reference to titles in the printed material. The incident points up one of the many difficulties con- fronting Mr. Pearson—not only do the provinces want his money and his prerogatives. bllt they want his nameplate, too."

Was it Joey that leaked this bit of information to Mr. Lynch, after the conference. or did he dream it up? Perhaps it’s not important. af- ter all, but we‘d sure like to know. It’s a prettv good story as it stands, and the more we think about it the more likely it seems to us that it’s 99 per cent authentic.

Can We Be Sure?

American sources keep emphas- ising that China’s new bomb is only a comparatively crude affair, and that it will take “years and years” for it to convert this primitive test device into nuclear weapons and to create a missile and plane force to deliver them.

We can only hope that these as- surances are justified. But a Jap- anese professor of science, who is an adviSor to the radioactivity counter measures headquarters of the Japanese cabinet, has something else to say. He is surprised, and alarmed. at a report issued by the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission that it had evidence indicating the Chinese test was a fission device employing uranium—235.

“It was our common belief,” says this expert, “that it should be a plutonium bomb the Chinese ex- ploded on Oct. 16. It is astonishing to me that China should have reach- ed the high stage of developing a uranium enriching plant."

Producing uranium-235 requires a large quantity of electric power and materials as well as high in- dustrial techniques, the Japanese professor said. This means that China’s scientific standard in this field will have to be reassessed.

Japan is too close to China to indulge in any game of wishful thinking on this score. It wouldn’t do the Western powers any harm to follow its example in this regard.

Television Rejects

A study of television watchers during the British election campaign raises the question of whether, af- ter all. this medium of communica» tion is so all-fired important in elect- ing candidates. The results are cit- ed by the Ottawa Journal, to the following effect:

In one of eight homes the sound was turned down until politicians left the screen. The listeners and viewers showed their interest de- clined as the campaign continued.

TWO-thirds of those listening to Mr. Heath, the Conservative minis-' ter who specialized in economic af- fairs, said they did not know what he was talking about. The best showing in this field was that of Mr. Brown, the Labor right-hand man of Prime Minister Wilson; only 17 per cent failed to understand him.

Most people said the television broadcasts did not change their vot- ing intentions but reinforced them.

"And yet," comments The Journ- al, “politicians in Canada as well as in Britain feel that television is vit- al to their success. The candidate who dodges cameras and television and yet wins elections has not. ap- peared, but he is a promising and agreeable prospect."

EDITORIAL NOTE

Health Minister LaMarsh has as- sured the House of Commons that legislation for the Canada Pension Plan will be re-introduced early next Week. She couldn’t promise that it will be passed before the end of

the session, however.

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SOME TIDYING UP NEEDED

THE RACE QUESTION

The United Nations Education- al Scientific and Cultural Organ- ization this year asumbled 27 biologists, geneticists and anth- ropologists from 17 countries to discuss the “biological aspect: of the race question."

The result of that meeting was a list of 13 unanimous pro- posals. They will form the basis for the biological part of a state- ment foreseen for 1966 to “com- plete the declaration of the na- ture of race and racial differen- ces. signed in 1951..." TECHNICAL COMMENTS

Some of the statements are of

a technical nature, but others are more easily understood:

“All men living today belong to a single species, Homo sap- iens, and are derived from a common stock. There are dif- ferences of opinion regardinr' how and when different human groups diverged from this com- mon stock.

be-

“Biological differences

to we Journal

tween human beings are due to differences in hereditary consti- tution and to the influence 0' the environment on this genetic potential...

“There is great genetic diver- sity within all human popula- tions. Pure races—in the sense of genetically homogeneOus pop— ulations—do not exist in the hu- man species."

OTHER POINTS

Other points agreed on by the experts:

"it has never been proved that interbreeding has biological disadvantages for mankind as a whole. On the contrary it contri-

butes to the maintenance of bio- logical ties between groups and thus to the unity of the species in its diversity. “The biological consequences I of a marriage depend only on 1 the individual genetic make- up of the couple and not on their . Therefore. no biological justification exists for prohibit-

~ About Bearers Of Tales

The Printed Word

The Speaker of the House of Commons. Mr, n Macnau- ghton, has discussed at great length the question of whether a member of the house can be reb- uked or disciplined for saying some unkind things about other members of the house when he is away from that august cham-

I‘.

Away back, it was established that the British House of C 0 mr mons had jurisdiction over dis- order in the lobbies.

An old United Kingdom prec- edent had to do with aiMr. Sul- livan having complained that an honorable member in the lobby acalled him a liar.

The Speaker said that If such an expression had been made within his hearing It would have been his duty at once to deal with it on his own authority. T h e enpressi o it, however was used in the lobby and It was for the house to det- ermine wh t to take under the circumstances.

This brings to mind situat- ions that arise in schOol. Boys are sometimes prone to get into fist fights on the way home

from school, and the jurisdicr tion of the p rincipal of the school is a bit indeterminate.

In the case that bothered the Canadian Speaker 3 month or two back the Leader of the 0;)- position had made some remarks outside 'the house. and presum- ably outside the lobbies, about the desire of some Members of Parliament not to bring on an election. As a matter iof fact hardly anyone wants an elect- ion at the present time.

The British preced e at sug- gests that the Speaker's jut-is diction is Involved only if th e words complained of are for- mally brought to the Speaker by another member of the House In that event the Speaker can take action. But this is like the boy who complains to the principal of the school that his enemy who started a fight outside the school area should be punished as a pupil of the

hon].

Tale - bearing in school Is gen- erally deplored. Pe rhaps It should be deplored in the House of Commons.

Scientists Demolish Age-Old Preiudices

ing intermarriage between per- sons of different races, or for advising against it on r a c i a1 grounds.”

As a footnote, the scientists point out that “the biological data given above stand in open contradiction to the tenets Oi racism. Racist theories can In no we pretend to have a n y scientific foundation..."

The scientists from 17 coun- tries, including Canada, Great Britain, Russia, United states, Japan, Lagos, Brazil and Ger- many, do not break new ground in their proposals. But their un- animity ,in the face of racist “theories” is a significant step forward in the international fight against race prejudice.

Microsurgery Is Fantastic

3! Dr. m R. Van Delleu Microsurgery has made It pos- sible to operate in an area so small, the bend of a match could cover it. Special dissecting mie- roscopel are used and new aut- ures and instruments had to be designed for this purpose. Some of these procedures are not new. For years, ear surgeons have been looking through a micro- scope to operate on the delicate structures of the hearing appar- atus. The fine detail needed to sew tiny blood vessels or nerves to- gether cannot be seen by sur- geons even with perfect vision. Aweyh'adtobedeviaedtc;e construct blocked or damaged coronary arteries In angina pec- toris and to operate on the cere- bral vessels when stroke 0c-

ame can be said,

about the repair of other small but important ducts, tubes. and various passageways.

Microsurgery also is y in correcting congenital defects in newborns. in the transplanta- tion of organs. and in reim— planting a severed digit or limb. This means sewing loge. ther the many nerves and little blood vessels, to restore the em- putated part to as near normal 3 state as possible. It may be necessary to do some of these operations in a hyperbarlc (ox- ygen) chamber.

The results of this type of sur- gery are fantastic. It was em-

ployed originally on blood ves-

sels with an external diameter of less than one-eighth of an inch. More than 25 stitches may reqqu to unite the ends of

a vessel this size. In one strip of tissue, I was able to count 58 stitches in four-fifths of an inch.

The technical difficulties of nucrosurgery are obvious. The operative field often shifts in and out of focus with breathing and the beat of the heart, Ac- cording to a report by Dr. Jul- ius If. Jacobson H, this compli- cation was corrected by using stabilizing clamps. He also de- signed a double binocular surgi- cal microscope so the assistant could see what was going on.

The instrument that holds the suture needle is held like a pen and the jaws open and close via air pressure turned on and off with a foot pedal. A set-refine vessel clamp also had to be de- vised to hold together the two ends of the opened blood vessel.

SLEEP ON EITHER SIDE

R.G. es: Is It harmful to sleep on the left side where the heart is located?

REPLY

No. This oldie comes up every so often. It stems from the ob- servation that people with a failing heart breathe easier when ly i n g on the right side. This does not mean that sleep- ing on the left side harms the normal heart.

NOTES BY

THE WAY

m don’t seem to real- Ize that paintlna the clouds with sunshine doesn‘t rainproot them Guelph Mercury.

It has been computed that 8,- 900,000 tons of salt can melt. up to 1,805,700,000 tons of snow. 0n the other hand (and this is only our guess), it also can remove about 591,799 pounds of auto paint-Windsor Star.

I'm you." said the exasperated piano teacher llo his pupil, “If you don't behave your-

self I'll tell your parents y have talent."—Galt Reporter.

A patient In a hospital here recovered his memory after six weeks. then sliced officials to keep it a secret— United Press.

All American was hurls Wales, and on entering a hotel In one town noticed the words "Ta-m Etch” written on the mat. “All!” he said, “I mppose that’l Welsh for Welcome." “No sir," replied the doorman. “That’s the bath mat upside down."—Montresl Star.

Horace Greeley always Inlet. ed e word “news' was plural. He once wired a report- er: “Are there any news?" Came the reply: "Not a neW." —-8amia Observer.

Reuters News Agency reports that France’s match manufac- turing monopoly produces billion matches a year, which. if placed end to end. wou‘d stretch around the earth B5 tim- es. Is there no end to placing things end to end?—0 t t a w a Journal.

The automobile mull! lib era are turning out cars so beau- tiful it’s almost a shame to get them travel - stained, so easy to drive that practicer the only exertion is to stay awake at the wheel. But they can do one more thing for their customers. They can tell its where to find those wonderful stretches of untraveled highway they use to show off their cars on the television commercials. —Miami Herald.

Peace Moves At Pugwclsh

New York Times

The eminent physical and so- cial scientists from a number of countries including the United states (1 the Soviet Union. who met: at the thirteenth Pug- wash conference, reached a con- sensus on many suggestions for reducing international tensions and increasing world security.

They agreed the need to halt the production of fissionab- le materials and to extend the partial nuclear test ban to pro- hibit u atomic explo- sione— both steps to be accom- panied by appropriate contra. and verification measures.

They also called for a noun;- gression treaty between the NATO and Warsaw Treaty pow- ers, in a framework of measuiu es guaranteeing the security 0. West Berlin and of the access routesto it.

These and other recommenda- tions are important because pai- lcymaters in Washington, Moa- cow and other world capitals pay serious attention to the re- sults of Pugwash meetings. This Is due in part to the high person- al prestige and influence of many of the individual psi-fiel- pants.

Meeting with their oppltsite numbers from other Western nations and from Communist. countries, these scholars have often conducted useful discuss- ions that have clarified points of difference between East and West and helped point the way toward progress In reducing cold war tensions.

Having opened Pandora’s box, many scientists feel an under

siendable obligation to help close it. Those who have partl- cipated in Pugwash meetings have reflected this common as- plration.

Their contribution has helped make possible the limited be- ginnings the world has taken thus far toward better under- standing and greater co-opers- tion in harnessing the atom for peace instead of destruction.

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Sciondol Hurts Johnson

Montreal

President Johnson may have been seriously hurt by the mor- als scandal involving one of his closest advisers. The scandal does not have anything to do with Mr. hnson personally, and has no connection with Am- erican national security. But in the midst of an election cam- paign that has been notable for abuse, it is inevitable that there will be some guilt by associa-

on

This scandal plays directly in- to the hands of Senator Barry Goldwater. During r e c e n l week: Mr. Goldwater has no!

it so much criticizing the policies oflthc Johnson admin- istration as he has been attack- ing the diameter of the admin- istration. He has been charging that the morale of the American people are In serious decline. Ind has imputed much of this decline to the poor examp which he says has been set by the Johmon administration.

Goldwater could not hope for anything better than this latest scandal, following the earlier revelations about Billie Sol Es-

nd Baker. Because he has been attach“ immoral fly from the beginning, many Ame one will now aunt: he has been M Him.

This doel not an that Mr Goldwater has a libely victor in the Ids

Gazette

ential election. He has been trailing far behind, with little more than one-third of the pop ulat' vote according to the opin- ion polls. But it is probable that Goldwater will do much better than had been expected. may now make a respectable showing.